A2 · प्राथमिक चैप्टर 7

Wants, Abilities, and Goals

7 कुल नियम
77 उदाहरण
5 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of expressing your personal desires, capabilities, and intentions in natural Korean.

  • Express your heartfelt wishes using the '-고 싶다' pattern.
  • Describe your skills and limitations with '-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다'.
  • Explain your purpose for travel or actions using '-(으)러' and '-(으)려고'.
Speak your mind and share your journey in Korean.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Hey Korean learner! Ready to level up your conversations? You've got the basics down, and now it's time to make your Korean sound much more natural and expressive. This chapter is exactly what you need! In this section, you'll learn how to talk about your desires and what you want to do. With the '-고 싶다' grammar (meaning 'I want to...'), you can easily turn any action verb into a heartfelt wish. Imagine you're at a restaurant and want to say, 'I want to eat kimchi,' or planning with friends, 'I want to go to that band's concert.' See how easily you can convey your feelings? Next, we'll dive into expressing what you 'can' or 'cannot' do. Using the (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 pattern, you can articulate your abilities. For example, 'I can speak Korean' or 'I can't play this game.' These phrases are incredibly useful for introducing yourself, asking for help, or politely declining something in daily situations. Finally, we'll tackle purpose and intention. With the (으)러 가다/오다 grammar (meaning 'to go/come to do something') and (으)려고 (meaning 'intending to...'), you'll learn to explain why you're going somewhere or why you're doing something. For instance, 'I'm going to the market to shop' or 'I intend to study Korean.' These patterns help you show your thought process within sentences, making your conversations much richer. By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently be able to say what you want, what you're capable of, and what your purpose is behind your actions. Your conversations will gain so much life, and you'll be able to express your desires and abilities in Korean more easily in various situations. Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Express personal wants and abilities in a travel context.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Welcome, Korean language learner, to a pivotal chapter that will significantly enhance your conversational abilities! This guide is designed for A2 Korean grammar students ready to move beyond basic sentences and express themselves more naturally. In this section, we'll unlock the secrets to talking about your wants, abilities, and goals – crucial elements for engaging in everyday conversations.
Mastering these patterns will allow you to articulate desires like
I want to eat,
state your capabilities such as
I can speak Korean,
and explain your intentions, like "I'm going to the library to study." This isn't just about memorizing rules; it's about gaining fluency and confidence in real-world scenarios.
Understanding these Korean grammar structures is essential for anyone aiming to sound more like a native speaker. They are frequently used in daily interactions, from ordering food to making plans with friends or explaining your actions. By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to express a much wider range of thoughts and feelings, making your Korean language learning journey even more rewarding.
Get ready to transform your basic sentences into rich, expressive statements that truly reflect what you mean. Let's dive into these fundamental A2 Korean expressions!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces three core Korean grammar concepts that will dramatically expand your conversational range. First, expressing desires is made simple with the -고 싶다 pattern, meaning 'I want to do...'. You attach -고 싶다 directly to the stem of an action verb.
For example, if the verb is 먹다 (to eat), it becomes 먹고 싶다 (I want to eat). If it's 가다 (to go), it's 가고 싶다 (I want to go). This is straightforward and widely applicable.
Next, we tackle abilities using the (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 pattern, meaning 'can' or 'cannot'. This structure is attached to a verb stem. If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add -ㄹ 수 있다/없다.
For example, 하다 (to do) becomes 할 수 있다 (can do). If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you add -을 수 있다/없다. For instance, 읽다 (to read) becomes 읽을 수 있다 (can read).
Similarly, 할 수 없다 means 'cannot do' and 읽을 수 없다 means 'cannot read'.
Finally, we explore expressing purpose and intention. The (으)러 가다/오다 grammar indicates 'to go/come to do something'. You attach -러 to a verb stem ending in a vowel (e.g., 보러 가다 - to go to see) and -으러 to a verb stem ending in a consonant (e.g., 먹으러 오다 - to come to eat).
This is always paired with a verb of movement like 가다 (to go) or 오다 (to come). For general intention, we use (으)려고, meaning 'intending to...'. Like the ability pattern, if the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add -려고 (e.g., 보려고 - intending to see), and if it ends in a consonant, you add -으려고 (e.g., 먹으려고 - intending to eat).
This pattern can stand alone or be followed by another clause. Mastering these A2 Korean grammar points will significantly improve your expressive power.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: 저는 커피 싶어요. (I coffee want.)
Correct: 저는 커피를 마시고 싶어요. (I want to drink coffee.)
*Explanation:* The -고 싶다 pattern attaches to a verb stem. You cannot attach it directly to a noun. You need to use an appropriate action verb like 마시다 (to drink) or 가지다 (to have).
  1. 1Wrong: 한국어를 말 수 있어요. (I can speak Korean.)
Correct: 한국어를 말할 수 있어요. (I can speak Korean.)
*Explanation:* When using (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다, if the verb stem ends in a vowel (like 말하- from 말하다), you must use -ㄹ 수 있다/없다. Don't forget the !
  1. 1Wrong: 공부하려고 도서관에 가요. (I go to the library intending to study.) - grammatically okay but less natural for purpose of movement
Correct: 공부하러 도서관에 가요. (I go to the library to study.)
*Explanation:* While (으)려고 expresses intention, (으)러 가다/오다 is specifically used when the purpose is directly tied to the action of going or coming. (으)러 is more natural for explaining the reason for movement.

Real Conversations

A

A

오늘 저녁에 뭐 먹고 싶어요? (What do you want to eat for dinner tonight?)
B

B

음... 비빔밥 먹고 싶어요! (Hmm... I want to eat bibimbap!)
A

A

한국어 할 수 있어요? (Can you speak Korean?)
B

B

네, 조금 할 수 있어요. (Yes, I can speak a little.)
A

A

지금 어디 가요? (Where are you going now?)
B

B

책을 빌리러 도서관에 가요. (I'm going to the library to borrow a book.)

Quick FAQ

Q

How is -고 싶다 different from just saying I want [noun] in Korean?

-고 싶다 specifically expresses the desire to *perform an action* (e.g., 먹고 싶다 -

I want to *eat*
). To say I want [noun], you typically use (을/를) 원하다 or simply state the noun with (을/를) 가지고 싶다 (I want to have [noun]), but -고 싶다 is strictly for verbs.

Q

Can (으)ㄹ 수 있다 be used to express possibility in general, not just personal ability?

Yes, (으)ㄹ 수 있다 can also indicate general possibility or feasibility. For example, 내일 비가 올 수 있어요 (It might rain tomorrow / It's possible it will rain tomorrow). This expands its use beyond just what *you* can do.

Q

What's the main difference between (으)러 가다/오다 and (으)려고?

(으)러 가다/오다 is specifically used to state the *purpose of going or coming* to a location (e.g., 커피 마시러 카페에 가요 - I go to the cafe *to drink coffee*). (으)려고 expresses a broader intention or plan, which doesn't necessarily involve movement (e.g., 한국어를 공부하려고 노력해요 - I try *to study Korean*).

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, directly stating I want with -고 싶다 is common and perfectly polite. However, when offering something or making suggestions, it's often softened. For abilities, (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다 is frequently used for self-introduction or when politely declining.
The purpose expressions (으)러 가다/오다 and (으)려고 are integral to daily conversation, providing clarity on one's actions or plans, making interactions smooth and understandable.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

주말에 영화 보고 싶어요.

मैं वीकेंड पर फिल्म देखना चाहता हूँ।

-고 싶다 (करना चाहता हूँ): अपनी इच्छाएँ व्यक्त करना
2

아이스 아메리카노 마시고 싶어.

मुझे आइस अमेरिकानो पीना है।

-고 싶다 (करना चाहता हूँ): अपनी इच्छाएँ व्यक्त करना
3

한국에 가고 싶어요.

मैं कोरिया जाना चाहता हूँ।

कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न
4

지금 떡볶이 먹고 싶어.

मैं अभी त्तोकबोक्की खाना चाहता हूँ।

कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न
5

지금 통화할 수 있어?

क्या तुम अभी फोन पर बात कर सकते हो?

सकना / न सकना ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
6

매운 음식을 먹을 수 있어요?

क्या आप तीखा खाना खा सकते हैं?

सकना / न सकना ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
7

내일 파티에 갈 수 없어요.

मैं कल पार्टी में नहीं जा सकता।

कोरियन में 'कर सकना': ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 का प्रयोग
8

저는 한국어를 조금 할 수 있습니다.

मैं थोड़ी कोरियन बोल सकता हूँ।

कोरियन में 'कर सकना': ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 का प्रयोग

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

याद करने का शॉर्टकट

보고 싶다 का मतलब वैसे तो «देखना चाहता हूँ» होता है, पर असल में इसे «मुझे तुम्हारी याद आ रही है» कहने के लिए इस्तेमाल करते हैं: «정말 보고 싶어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 싶다 (करना चाहता हूँ): अपनी इच्छाएँ व्यक्त करना
🎯

याद आने वाला हैक

किसी को मिस कर रहे हो? अलग से शब्द मत ढूँढो, बस कहो «보고 싶어» (मैं तुम्हें देखना चाहता हूँ)। यही सबसे नेचुरल तरीका है।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न
⚠️

स्पेस का ध्यान रखो

लिखते समय और 있다 के बीच हमेशा जगह छोड़ना। यह हमेशा «할 수 있다» होगा, कभी भी «할 수있다» नहीं। यहाँ का मतलब 'तरीका' होता है। «이거 할 수 있어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: सकना / न सकना ((으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다)
⚠️

स्पेस का ध्यान रखो!

हमेशा '수' से पहले एक स्पेस छोड़ो। «할수있어요» लिखना गलत है, इसे एक अलग शब्द की तरह मानो: «할 수 있어요»।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कोरियन में 'कर सकना': ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 का प्रयोग

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

먹다 (meokda) to eat 가다 (gada) to go 한국어 (hangugeo) Korean language 배우다 (baeuda) to learn 수영하다 (suyeonghada) to swim

Real-World Preview

coffee

Planning a Weekend

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + -고 싶다
  • Verb stem + (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다
  • Verb stem + (으)러 가다/오다
  • Verb stem + (으)려고 하다

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Confusing desire (-고 싶다) with ability (-(으)ㄹ 수 있다).

Wrong: 저는 한국어를 말하고 싶어요 (I want to speak Korean - grammatically okay, but contextually awkward if you mean 'I can speak')
सही: 저는 한국어를 말할 수 있어요

Using intention (-(으)려고) instead of purpose (-(으)러) with movement verbs.

Wrong: 공부하려고 가요
सही: 공부하러 가요

Using the 3rd person form (-고 싶어하다) for yourself.

Wrong: 먹고 싶어해요
सही: 먹고 싶어요

इस अध्याय के नियम (7)

Next Steps

You've leveled up! Use these new patterns to connect with Korean speakers and share your world. See you in the next chapter!

Write 5 sentences about what you can do and what you want to do this weekend.

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

कौन सा वाक्य व्याकरण के हिसाब से सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 빵을 사러 마트에 가요.
'사다' Vowel पर खत्म होता है, इसलिए '사러' सही है। साथ ही, वाक्य के अंत में '가다' जैसा मोशन वर्ब होना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कुछ करने जाना (-(으)러 가다/오다)

कौन सा वाक्य सही है: 'मैं कोरियन नहीं पढ़ सकता'?

सही व्याकरण वाला वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국어를 읽을 수 없어요.
읽다 व्यंजन पर खत्म होता है, इसलिए '을' लगेगा। 'नहीं' के लिए '없어요' ज़रूरी है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कोरियन में 'कर सकना': ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 का प्रयोग

'듣다' (सुनना) वर्ब का इस्तेमाल करके वाक्य पूरा करें।

음악을 ___ 수 있어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 들을
듣다 एक ㄷ-अनियमित वर्ब है। ㄷ बदलकर ㄹ हो जाता है और फिर '을' जुड़ता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कोरियन में 'कर सकना': ㄹ/을 수 있다/없다 का प्रयोग

खाली जगह भरें ताकि वाक्य का मतलब हो 'मैं जाना चाहता हूँ' ।

저는 한국에 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 가고 싶어요
चूंकि आप अपनी बात कर रहे हैं ('I want'), इसलिए स्टैंडर्ड -고 싶어요 का इस्तेमाल करें।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 싶다 (करना चाहता हूँ): अपनी इच्छाएँ व्यक्त करना

'मैं खाना चाहता हूँ' कहने के लिए खाली जगह भरें।

저는 사과를 ___ (eat).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 먹고 싶어요
'चाहता हूँ' के लिए वर्ब स्टेम '먹' के साथ '고 싶어요' जोड़ना होगा।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न

इस वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें।

한국어를 공부하러 책을 샀어요. (मैंने कोरियन पढ़ने के लिए किताब खरीदी।)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부하러 को 공부하려고 में बदलें
'샀어요' (खरीदा) चलने वाली क्रिया नहीं है, इसलिए यहाँ '(으)러' नहीं लग सकता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: करने जाना: (으)러

इस वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें और उसे ठीक करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 영화를 보 싶어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 영화 को 보고 싶어요.
वर्ब स्टेम '보' के बाद '고' लगाना ज़रूरी है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न

कौन सा वाक्य सही ढंग से कहता है 'मेरा दोस्त खाना चाहता है'?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제 친구가 먹고 싶어해요.
जब किसी तीसरे इंसान (जैसे दोस्त) की इच्छा की बात हो, तो -고 싶어하다 फॉर्म ज़रूरी है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: -고 싶다 (करना चाहता हूँ): अपनी इच्छाएँ व्यक्त करना

दोस्त के बारे में बताने के लिए कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

आप कैसे कहेंगे 'मिन्जी जाना चाहती है'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 민지는 가고 싶어해요.
जब सब्जेक्ट कोई तीसरा व्यक्ति (मिन्जी) हो, तो '고 싶어하다' का इस्तेमाल होता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: कहना 'मैं चाहता हूँ...': ~고 싶다 पैटर्न

कौन सा वाक्य ग्रामर के हिसाब से सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 커피를 마시려고 카페에 갔어요.
पहला गलत है क्योंकि वह आदेश है। तीसरा गलत है क्योंकि '려고' के साथ पास्ट टेंस नहीं लगता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: करने के इरादे से... (으)려고

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

नहीं, आप -고 싶다 को सीधे 'पानी' (물) जैसे नाउन के साथ नहीं जोड़ सकते। आपको कहना होगा 'मैं पानी पीना चाहता हूँ' (물을 마시고 싶어요)।
बस वही वाक्य बोलें और आखिर में आवाज़ को थोड़ा ऊपर उठाएं। जैसे: «가고 싶어요?» (क्या तुम जाना चाहते हो?)
नहीं, '고 싶다' सिर्फ वर्ब के साथ जुड़ता है। 'I want coffee' कहने के लिए बोलो «커피 마시고 싶어요» (मैं कॉफ़ी पीना चाहता हूँ)।
दोनों चलते हैं! '을/를' काम पर ध्यान देता है, जबकि '이/가' अक्सर इसलिए यूज़ होता है क्योंकि '싶다' एक एडजेक्टिव की तरह काम करता है। जैसे «피자가 먹고 싶어요»।
못 해요 बोलने में ज्यादा इस्तेमाल होता है और इसका मतलब है कि आप किसी वजह से नहीं कर पा रहे। 할 수 없어요 थोडा ज्यादा फॉर्मल है और मुमकिन न होने पर जोर देता है। जैसे: «못 가요» (नहीं जा पा रहा) बनाम «갈 수 없어요» (जाना मुमकिन नहीं है)।
हाँ! वैसे तो 써도 돼요? ज्यादा सही है, लेकिन 쓸 수 있어요? (क्या मैं इस्तेमाल कर सकता हूँ?) भी बहुत चलता है। जैसे: «이거 쓸 수 있어요?»