A2 noun 中性 #7,000 最常用 2分钟阅读

유언

/ju.ʌn/
Practice it

Overview

The Korean word '유언' (遺言) is a formal term that translates to 'will' or 'last words' in English. It carries significant weight and can refer to a few related concepts, depending on the context.

Primarily, '유언' refers to a 'last will and testament' – a legal document in which a person expresses their wishes as to how their property is to be distributed at death and as to which person is to manage the property until its final distribution. This legal aspect is crucial in Korean society, where inheritance and family lineage are deeply respected. When someone makes a '유언장' (遺言狀), which is the document itself, they are ensuring that their assets are handled according to their desires, preventing potential disputes among surviving family members.

Beyond the legal document, '유언' can also broadly encompass 'last words' – the final statements or messages spoken by someone before their death. These words often carry emotional significance, conveying wisdom, farewells, or final wishes that may not be legally binding but are deeply cherished by those who hear them. For example, a dying parent might give their children '유언' in the form of advice or a final blessing.

The hanja characters further illuminate its meaning: '遺' (yu) means 'to leave behind' or 'to bequeath,' and '言' (eon) means 'word' or 'speech.' Together, they literally mean 'words left behind.' This etymology perfectly captures both the legal and emotional dimensions of the word.

In a cultural context, the concept of '유언' is highly respected. It’s seen as a final act of responsibility and love, allowing individuals to leave a lasting impact on their family and legacy. Preparing a '유언' is often viewed as a thoughtful act that brings clarity and peace of mind to both the individual and their loved ones.

例句

1

그는 죽기 전에 유언을 남겼다.

장례식

He left a will before he died.

2

유언에 따라 재산이 분배되었다.

재산분할

The assets were distributed according to the will.

3

그녀는 가족에게 유언처럼 마지막 말을 남겼다.

슬픔

She left her last words to her family, like a will.

4

그의 유언은 항상 가족을 사랑하라는 것이었다.

가족애

His last words were always to love his family.

5

할아버지는 유언을 통해 자신의 지혜를 전했다.

유산

Grandfather conveyed his wisdom through his last words.

常见搭配

유언을 남기다
유언을 하다
유언에 따르다
유언 집행자

容易混淆的词

유언 vs 유언비어 (rumor)

Although both words start with '유언', '유언' refers to a will or last words, which are often solemn and formal, whereas '유언비어' refers to groundless rumors or false reports. The contexts and implications of these two words are entirely different. '유언' carries legal or personal significance related to one's final wishes, while '유언비어' suggests unverified and potentially damaging information.

语法模式

~을/를 남기다 (to leave a will/last words): This pattern is used to express the act of leaving a will or saying one's last words. E.g., 그는 유언을 남겼다 (He left a will). 유언에 따라 (according to the will): This pattern indicates that an action or event is happening in accordance with the wishes stated in a will. E.g., 유언에 따라 재산이 분배되었다 (The assets were distributed according to the will). 유언을 하다 (to make a will/give last words): This pattern is used to describe the act of formally making a will or speaking one's final words. E.g., 그는 죽기 전에 유언을 했다 (He made a will before he died).

How to Use It

使用说明

'유언' (yu-eon) can be used in several contexts. Most commonly, it refers to a last will and testament, a legal document outlining one's wishes for property distribution and other matters after death. For example, '유언장을 작성하다' (yu-eon-jang-eul jak-seong-ha-da) means 'to write a will.' It can also refer to 'last words' or 'dying words,' indicating statements made by someone just before their death, often carrying emotional or philosophical significance. For instance, '그의 유언은 가족에게 큰 위로가 되었다' (geu-ui yu-eon-eun ga-jok-e-ge keun wi-ro-ga doe-eot-da) translates to 'His last words brought great comfort to his family.' While it shares similarities with English 'will,' '유언' often carries a stronger connotation of a personal message or a final communication rather than solely a legal instrument, especially when used in the sense of 'last words.' The nuance depends heavily on the surrounding context.

常见错误

A common mistake for learners is to confuse '유언' (will/last words) with '유원' (yu-won), which refers to a pleasure garden or amusement park. While they sound similar, their meanings are very different. Another common mistake is misusing '유언' in contexts where 'وصية' (yusho) from Chinese characters might be more appropriate in a formal, legal context. Always ensure the context is about someone's final wishes or a legal will rather than a general desire or statement. Pay close attention to the hanja (Chinese characters) if they are provided, as they can help distinguish between similar-sounding words with different meanings. Also, remember that '유언' specifically implies spoken or written wishes made before death, not just any statement or promise. Do not use it to refer to a general request or an everyday instruction.

Tips

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Formal vs. Informal Contexts

'유언' is typically used in formal or serious contexts due to its legal and weighty nature. It's not a word you'd casually drop in everyday conversation. For example, if discussing someone's final wishes, you might say, '그는 죽기 전에 유언을 남겼다' (He left a will before he died). Using it in a lighthearted situation would sound out of place or even humorous.

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Distinction from '유서'

While both '유언' and '유서' relate to last wishes, there's a subtle but important difference. '유언' specifically refers to the spoken or written declaration of one's wishes regarding their property or care after death, often with legal implications. '유서' (遺書) on the other hand, is more broadly a 'suicide note' or a 'final letter/document' that expresses one's feelings or reasons before death, not necessarily involving legal or property matters. Confusing the two can lead to misunderstandings, especially in sensitive situations.

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Grammatical Usage and Associated Verbs

'유언' is frequently used with verbs that indicate leaving, making, or recording. Common pairings include '유언을 남기다' (to leave a will/last words), '유언을 하다' (to make a will/give last words), or '유언을 작성하다' (to write/draft a will). Understanding these collocations will help you use the word naturally and correctly in sentences. For example, '변호사가 유언을 작성하는 것을 도와주었다' (The lawyer helped draft the will).

词源

The Korean word '유언' (yu-eon) meaning 'will' or 'last words' is derived from Sino-Korean roots. It is composed of two Hanja characters: '유' (遺) and '언' (言). 1. 遺 (yu): This character has several meanings, including 'to leave behind,' 'to bequeath,' 'to lose,' or 'to neglect.' In the context of '유언,' its primary meaning is 'to leave behind' or 'to bequeath.' This refers to the act of leaving instructions, property, or messages after one's death. 2. 言 (eon): This character means 'word,' 'speech,' 'to speak,' or 'to say.' In the context of '유언,' it refers to the spoken or written words that are left behind. Therefore, literally, '유언' can be understood as 'words left behind' or 'bequeathed words.' The concept of a will or last words has a long history in many cultures, including Korea. Historically, before modern legal systems were fully established, oral 'last words' or written instructions passed down by an elder or head of a household held significant social and ethical weight. These were often not just about property but also about family guidance, moral admonitions, and wishes for the future of the family or community. With the influence of Western legal systems and the codification of laws, '유언' also specifically came to denote a formal legal document — a last will and testament — through which a person directs the distribution of their estate and makes other declarations regarding their death. This legal understanding coexists with the broader cultural meaning of 'last words' or a dying message. In modern Korean, '유언' can refer to both the informal 'last words' spoken by someone nearing death and the formal 'last will and testament' document. The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended. The etymological journey of '유언' thus reflects a blend of ancient linguistic roots and evolving social and legal practices concerning death, inheritance, and final declarations.

文化背景

In Korean culture, a '유언' (yu-eon) carries significant weight, often seen not just as a legal document but also as a final communication of a person's life philosophy, wishes, and sometimes even apologies or blessings to their family. While the legal aspect of a will is recognized, there's a strong emphasis on the moral and emotional legacy it represents. Traditionally, filial piety dictates that the wishes expressed in a '유언' should be respected and upheld by surviving family members. The act of making a '유언' can be a somber but also a reflective process, allowing individuals to organize their affairs and ensure their family's well-being after their passing. It often involves considerations beyond just material possessions, extending to how family relationships should be maintained or how certain traditions should continue. The concept is deeply intertwined with family values and the idea of leaving a dignified and well-ordered departure.

记忆技巧

The word '유언' (yu-eon) sounds a bit like 'you earn' which can help you remember it means 'will' or 'last words'. Imagine someone saying, 'What do you earn in your will?' to help you remember the meaning related to final wishes.

常见问题

4 个问题

유언은 개인이 자신의 사망 이후 재산의 처분이나 기타 법률 관계에 대한 사항을 정하는 최종적인 의사표시입니다. 이는 유언자의 사망과 동시에 효력이 발생하며, 유언자의 의사를 존중하고 실현하기 위한 법적인 효력을 가집니다. 유언은 법률에서 정한 방식에 따라 작성되어야 유효하며, 특정 방식을 따르지 않으면 법적 효력을 인정받기 어렵습니다. 따라서 유언을 작성할 때에는 법률 전문가의 도움을 받는 것이 중요합니다.

대한민국 민법상 유언의 방식은 크게 다섯 가지가 있습니다. 자필증서유언은 유언자가 직접 작성하고 서명, 날인하는 방식입니다. 녹음유언은 유언자의 음성으로 유언의 내용을 녹음하고 증인이 함께 확인하는 방식입니다. 공정증서유언은 공증인의 참여 하에 작성되는 유언으로 가장 확실한 효력을 가집니다. 비밀증서유언은 유언의 내용을 비밀로 유지하면서 작성하는 방식이며, 구수증서유언은 급박한 상황에서 두 명 이상의 증인 앞에서 유언하는 방식입니다. 각 유언 방식마다 요구되는 요건이 다르므로 유언 작성 시 주의해야 합니다.

유언을 작성하는 가장 중요한 이유는 유언자의 사망 후 발생할 수 있는 상속 분쟁을 미리 방지하고, 유언자의 의사에 따라 재산이 공정하게 분배되도록 하기 위함입니다. 또한, 유언을 통해 재산 상속 외에도 미성년 자녀의 후견인 지정, 장례 방식에 대한 의사 표현, 기부 등 다양한 사항을 정할 수 있습니다. 유언이 없다면 법정 상속 비율에 따라 재산이 분배되므로, 유언자의 특별한 의사를 반영하기 어렵습니다.

네, 유언은 유언자가 사망하기 전까지 언제든지 변경하거나 철회할 수 있습니다. 유언을 변경하거나 철회하는 방법은 이전 유언과 동일한 방식으로 새로운 유언을 작성하거나, 명시적으로 이전 유언을 철회하는 의사를 표시함으로써 가능합니다. 만약 새로운 유언의 내용이 이전 유언의 내용과 상충될 경우, 특별한 의사 표시가 없더라도 새로운 유언의 내용이 우선 적용됩니다. 다만, 유언 변경 또는 철회 시에도 법률에서 정한 방식을 준수해야 그 효력이 인정됩니다.

自我测试

fill blank

그는 유언을 _____ 가족에게 많은 재산을 남겼다.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

할아버지는 유언장에 모든 재산을 자선 단체에 _____고 쓰셨다.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：
fill blank

그의 유언은 그의 마지막 _____이었다.

正确！ 不太对。 正确答案：

得分： /3

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