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A2 adjective 12分钟阅读

de cimento

例句
解析 de cimento in your Level:
At the A1 level, the phrase 'de cimento' is a simple way to describe what something is made of. Just like you learn 'de madeira' (made of wood) or 'de plástico' (made of plastic), 'de cimento' helps you talk about basic objects you see every day. You might use it to describe a 'banco' (bench) in a park or a 'vaso' (pot) for a plant. At this stage, you don't need to worry about the technical difference between cement and concrete; focus on the fact that 'de' means 'of' and 'cimento' is the material. It's a great phrase for building your descriptive vocabulary. You will mostly use it in simple sentences like 'O banco é de cimento' (The bench is made of cement). It's important to remember that 'cimento' sounds a bit like 'cement' in English, which makes it easier to memorize! You will see this word on signs at construction sites or in shops that sell garden supplies. Even at this basic level, knowing this phrase allows you to point at things and describe them accurately to others. It's one of those foundational building blocks—pun intended—of the Portuguese language that helps you navigate the physical world around you.
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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'de cimento' in more varied contexts, such as describing your home or your neighborhood. You might talk about a 'parede de cimento' (cement wall) or a 'piso de cimento' (cement floor). You are also starting to understand how to use it in plural sentences, like 'As escadas são de cimento' (The stairs are made of cement). At this level, you should notice that 'de cimento' doesn't change its form, regardless of whether the object is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural. This makes it a very reliable and easy-to-use descriptor. You might also encounter it when following simple DIY instructions or reading about urban life. For example, if you are looking for a new apartment, the description might mention 'acabamentos de cimento' (cement finishes). You are moving beyond just naming objects and starting to describe their qualities and how they fit into a larger scene. This phrase is essential for giving more detail in your conversations, allowing you to be more specific than just saying 'it is grey' or 'it is hard'. It's a step toward more natural-sounding Portuguese where you can identify materials with confidence.
By the B1 level, you can use 'de cimento' to discuss more complex topics like architecture, urban development, and even personal preferences in design. You might express an opinion like, 'Eu prefiro pisos de madeira porque os de cimento são muito frios' (I prefer wooden floors because cement ones are very cold). Here, you are using the phrase to make comparisons and explain your reasoning. You also start to recognize the regional differences, such as the use of 'betão' in Portugal versus 'concreto' in Brazil, though 'de cimento' remains a universally understood and frequently used term for the material's appearance. You might use it in the context of environmental discussions, such as the 'impermeabilização do solo' (soil sealing) caused by too many 'superfícies de cimento'. Your vocabulary is expanding to include related terms like 'cimento armado' (reinforced concrete) or 'blocos de cimento' (cement blocks). This level is about nuance and being able to use the phrase in a way that reflects a deeper understanding of the physical and social environment. You can now use 'de cimento' not just as a label, but as part of a broader narrative about construction, modern life, or aesthetic choices.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'de cimento' with precision and understand its connotations in different registers. You might use it in a professional context, such as discussing a construction project or an architectural style like Brutalism, where 'o uso do cimento aparente' (the use of exposed cement) is a key feature. You understand that while 'de cimento' is common, technical documents will prefer 'de betão' or 'de concreto'. You can also use the phrase more figuratively or stylistically. For instance, in a creative writing piece, you might describe a city as a 'labirinto de cimento' (cement labyrinth) to evoke a sense of coldness or industrial scale. You are aware of the 'cimento queimado' trend in high-end interior design and can discuss its pros and cons fluently. Your grammar is solid, and you can effortlessly integrate 'de cimento' into complex sentence structures involving relative clauses and passive voice, such as 'As estruturas, que foram feitas de cimento, resistiram à tempestade' (The structures, which were made of cement, withstood the storm). At this stage, 'de cimento' is a versatile tool in your linguistic kit, used with an awareness of its material, aesthetic, and cultural implications.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'de cimento' is sophisticated and context-aware. You can engage in deep discussions about the environmental impact of 'indústrias de cimento' or the historical shift from 'construções de pedra' to 'estruturas de cimento' in the 20th century. You understand the subtle socio-economic implications of the phrase—for example, how 'casas de cimento' might represent a step up from 'barracos de madeira' in certain urban development contexts. You can analyze literature or media where 'cimento' is used as a metaphor for the rigidity of society or the loss of human connection in urban spaces. Your command of the language allows you to use 'de cimento' alongside highly technical vocabulary or poetic language without missing a beat. You might discuss the 'estética do cimento' in contemporary art or the 'sustentabilidade do cimento' in modern engineering. You are also fully aware of the regional nuances and can switch between 'betão', 'concreto', and 'cimento' depending on your audience and the level of formality required. For a C1 learner, 'de cimento' is more than just a material description; it's a point of departure for exploring complex themes of modernization, urbanization, and design philosophy.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'de cimento' and can use it with total flexibility and mastery. You can use the phrase in highly specialized academic or professional discussions about material science, architectural history, or urban sociology. You might critique the 'brutalismo de cimento' of the 1960s or discuss the 'química do cimento' in a technical report. Your use of the phrase in metaphorical or idiomatic contexts is effortless and creative. You might coin your own expressions or use rare literary references where 'cimento' plays a central role. You are sensitive to the rhythmic and phonetic qualities of the phrase in poetry or rhetoric. Whether you are delivering a keynote speech on urban planning or writing a nuanced essay on the sensory experience of the modern city, 'de cimento' is used with perfect precision and rich connotation. You understand the global supply chain of cement and can discuss the 'geopolítica do cimento' with ease. At this ultimate level of proficiency, 'de cimento' is a simple phrase that you can imbue with profound meaning, demonstrating a complete integration of linguistic skill and cultural knowledge.
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例句
The Portuguese adjective phrase de cimento is a fundamental descriptor used to indicate that an object, structure, or surface is constructed using cement. While it sounds straightforward, understanding its application requires a grasp of both literal construction terminology and its cultural place in the Lusophone world. In Portugal and Brazil, cement is not just a building material; it is a symbol of urbanization, permanence, and sometimes, the stark reality of modern city life. When you describe something as de cimento, you are typically referring to the material composition, but the context can shift the nuance from a simple physical fact to a stylistic observation about Brutalist architecture or industrial design.
Material Origin
Refers specifically to objects made from the binder known as cement, often used interchangeably with concrete in casual speech, though technically distinct.

O banco da praça é de cimento e fica muito quente no verão.

In this example, the phrase describes a common sight in Portuguese parks. The use of 'de' (of) followed by 'cimento' (cement) creates a locução adjetiva, which functions exactly like an adjective. You will hear this frequently when discussing home renovations, urban planning, or even DIY projects. In the context of modern interior design, 'de cimento' might refer to the 'cimento queimado' (burnt cement) aesthetic, which is highly popular for floors and countertops due to its minimalist, industrial look. This phrase is essential for anyone navigating a hardware store (loja de ferragens) or discussing architectural preferences.
Durability
The phrase implies a sense of heaviness, coldness, and extreme durability. A 'parede de cimento' is much harder to modify than a 'parede de gesso' (drywall).

Eles construíram uma estátua de cimento no jardim.

Historically, the expansion of cement usage in Portugal and Brazil coincided with the mid-20th-century modernization efforts. Therefore, describing something as 'de cimento' can sometimes carry a connotation of the 'concrete jungle' (selva de pedra), representing a departure from traditional materials like wood or stone. It is a word of the city, of the sidewalk (calçada), and of the apartment block. Understanding this phrase helps learners describe their physical environment with precision.
Visual Texture
Often used to describe the grey, matte finish of modern furniture or decorative items that mimic the look of raw construction materials.

A mesa de cimento combina perfeitamente com a decoração industrial.

Finally, consider the sensory aspects: 'de cimento' suggests a surface that is rough to the touch, cold in the morning, and remarkably stable. Whether you are talking about a 'piso de cimento' (cement floor) or a 'muro de cimento' (cement wall), you are describing the literal foundation of modern Lusophone architecture.
Using the phrase de cimento correctly involves placing it immediately after the noun it modifies. Unlike some adjectives that can precede the noun for stylistic effect, 'de cimento' is a prepositional phrase acting as an adjective, so its position is fixed. It describes the material composition, and because 'cimento' is a masculine noun, the 'de' (of) does not change based on the gender of the object being described—only the noun itself determines the agreement of other adjectives in the sentence. For example, 'uma cadeira (feminine) de cimento' and 'um banco (masculine) de cimento' both use the same phrase.
Structural Use
Used to identify the primary building material of infrastructure or residential components.

As escadas de cimento levam ao terraço do edifício.

When constructing sentences, you can use 'de cimento' to contrast with other materials like 'de madeira' (wooden), 'de ferro' (iron), or 'de vidro' (glass). This is particularly useful in descriptive writing or when giving instructions. If you are describing a DIY project, you might say, 'Eu fiz um vaso de cimento para as minhas plantas' (I made a cement pot for my plants). Note how 'de cimento' provides specific information about the weight and durability of the pot.
Decorative Contexts
In modern interior design, 'de cimento' is often associated with the 'minimalist' or 'loft' style.

O balcão da cozinha é de cimento polido, o que dá um ar moderno.

You can also use the phrase in more complex sentences involving comparative structures. 'Esta parede de cimento é muito mais resistente do que a de tijolos' (This cement wall is much more resistant than the brick one). Here, 'de cimento' serves as the defining characteristic for the comparison. It is also common in technical contexts, such as 'mistura de cimento' (cement mix) or 'saco de cimento' (bag of cement), although in those cases, 'de cimento' identifies the contents rather than the material the object is made of. To avoid confusion, always look at the noun: if it's a 'parede', it's made of cement; if it's a 'saco', it contains cement.
Urban Landscapes
Describing the grey infrastructure of cities often requires this phrase.

Caminhamos por quilômetros sobre o calçadão de cimento à beira-mar.

In more advanced usage, you might encounter 'de cimento' in figurative language. For instance, 'um coração de cimento' (a heart of cement) refers to someone who is emotionally cold, hard, or unyielding. While 'de pedra' (of stone) is more common for this idiom, 'de cimento' adds a modern, urban, and perhaps even more industrial layer of hardness to the metaphor.

A fundação da casa é feita de cimento reforçado.

The phrase de cimento is omnipresent in Lusophone daily life, echoing through various environments from construction sites to high-end design galleries. If you walk through any major city like Lisbon, São Paulo, or Luanda, you will hear it in the context of urban infrastructure. Construction workers (pedreiros) use it constantly when discussing materials: 'Precisamos de mais blocos de cimento' (We need more cement blocks). In this setting, the phrase is purely functional, denoting the essential building blocks of the urban environment.
Real Estate and Architecture
Real estate agents might use 'de cimento' to emphasize the solidity and quality of a building's construction.

Este prédio tem uma estrutura robusta de cimento armado.

Beyond the construction site, you will hear 'de cimento' in the world of interior design. In recent years, the 'industrial chic' trend has swept through Brazil and Portugal, making 'piso de cimento queimado' (burnt cement floor) a highly sought-after feature in modern apartments. In this context, 'de cimento' signifies a specific aesthetic—minimalist, raw, and sophisticated. You might hear a designer say, 'Escolhemos uma bancada de cimento para dar um contraste com a madeira' (We chose a cement countertop to contrast with the wood). This usage highlights the versatility of the material.
Public Spaces
In parks and recreational areas, the phrase describes the permanent fixtures that withstand the elements.

As crianças estão brincando nas rampas de cimento do skate park.

You will also encounter the term in news reports or documentaries discussing urban expansion or environmental issues. For example, a report on the 'concretização' (concretization) of green spaces might mention the replacement of grass with 'áreas de cimento' (cement areas). Here, the phrase might carry a slightly negative or critical tone regarding the loss of nature in cities. In literature and music, especially in genres like Fado or Brazilian MPB, 'cimento' can symbolize the coldness of the city or the 'hard' life of the urban worker.
DIY and Crafting
With the rise of social media, 'vasos de cimento' (cement pots) have become a popular DIY craft, frequently appearing in tutorials.

Hoje vamos aprender a fazer pequenos objetos decorativos de cimento.

Finally, in everyday conversation, if someone is describing a sturdy object they just bought or built, 'de cimento' is the go-to phrase. It conveys reliability. Whether it's a 'churrasqueira de cimento' (cement BBQ) for the backyard or a 'muro de cimento' to secure a property, the phrase is a staple of the Lusophone descriptive vocabulary.
For English speakers learning Portuguese, the most frequent mistake with de cimento is confusing 'cimento' (cement) with 'concreto' (concrete). While in English we often use 'cement' when we technically mean 'concrete' (the mixture of cement, sand, and gravel), Portuguese can be equally flexible but sometimes more precise depending on the context. Saying 'uma ponte de cimento' is common, but an engineer would insist on 'uma ponte de concreto'. For a learner, using 'de cimento' is generally safe for most everyday objects, but knowing the distinction helps reach a higher level of fluency.
Preposition Errors
Mistakenly using 'da' or 'do' when the general material is intended, or forgetting the 'de' entirely.

Incorrect: O banco é do cimento. (Implies a specific batch of cement). Correct: O banco é de cimento.

Another common error is trying to pluralize 'cimento' when describing multiple objects. In the phrase 'de cimento', the word 'cimento' remains singular because it refers to the material itself, not the number of objects. For example, 'dois bancos de cimento' is correct; 'dois bancos de cimentos' is incorrect. The material is an uncountable noun in this context.
Confusion with 'Betão'
In European Portuguese, the word for concrete is 'betão'. A learner in Lisbon might say 'de cimento' and be understood, but 'de betão' is more common for structural elements.

Em Portugal, dizemos 'muro de betão' com mais frequência do que 'muro de cimento'.

Learners also sometimes confuse 'de cimento' with 'com cimento'. 'De cimento' means the object is *made of* cement. 'Com cimento' means something was done *using* cement or has cement *with* it. For example, 'uma parede feita com cimento' (a wall made with cement) is technically correct but focuses on the process, whereas 'uma parede de cimento' focuses on the resulting material.
Adjective Agreement
Forgetting that 'de cimento' is a phrase and trying to modify 'cimento' to match the noun.

Incorrect: Uma mesa de cimenta. Correct: Uma mesa de cimento.

Finally, avoid overusing 'de cimento' for things that are actually stone (pedra) or brick (tijolo). While cement is the mortar holding bricks together, a brick wall is 'uma parede de tijolos'. Only use 'de cimento' if the visible or primary material is indeed cement or concrete.
To enrich your Portuguese vocabulary beyond de cimento, it is essential to understand related materials and the regional variations that exist within the Portuguese-speaking world. The most important alternative is de concreto (in Brazil) or de betão (in Portugal). These terms are more technically accurate for structural elements like bridges, pillars, and large buildings. While 'de cimento' is perfectly acceptable in casual conversation, using these alternatives shows a higher level of linguistic awareness.
de concreto (Brazil)
The standard term in Brazil for the mixture of cement, water, and aggregates. Used for 'concreto armado' (reinforced concrete).
de betão (Portugal)
The equivalent of 'concreto' in European Portuguese. Essential for anyone living in or visiting Portugal.

Comparação: No Brasil dizemos 'poste de concreto', em Portugal dizemos 'poste de betão'.

Another related term is de alvenaria. This refers to masonry in general—construction using bricks, stones, or blocks held together by mortar. If you are describing a house that is 'built-in' or made of solid materials rather than wood or prefab panels, you might say it is 'de alvenaria'. This is a very common term in real estate listings.
de pedra
Of stone. Often used for older, traditional buildings or natural-looking garden features. It implies a different texture and historical period than 'de cimento'.
de tijolo
Of brick. A classic alternative that suggests warmth and a different architectural style compared to the industrial feel of cement.

A casa antiga era de pedra, mas o novo anexo é de cimento.

For decorative contexts, you might use cinzento (grey) if you are only referring to the color rather than the material. However, 'de cimento' is more specific because it implies the texture and weight. If you want to describe something that looks like cement but isn't, you could use the adjective cimentício (cement-like/cementitious), which is often used for tiles or finishes that mimic the appearance of raw cement.
cimento queimado
A specific finish. It's not actually 'burnt' but smoothed with a steel trowel while wet and sprinkled with dry cement powder to create a sleek, mottled look.

Adoro o efeito do cimento queimado na sala de estar.

Understanding these nuances allows you to describe the built environment with the same precision as a native speaker, moving between the casual 'de cimento' and more technical or descriptive alternatives as the situation demands.
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按水平分级的例句

1

O vaso é de cimento.

The pot is made of cement.

Simple subject + verb 'ser' + material phrase.

2

Eu vejo um banco de cimento.

I see a cement bench.

The phrase 'de cimento' follows the noun 'banco'.

3

A mesa não é de madeira, é de cimento.

The table is not made of wood, it is made of cement.

Contrast between two materials using 'de' + noun.

4

O chão é de cimento.

The floor is made of cement.

'Chão' is masculine, but 'de cimento' remains the same.

5

Eles têm uma estátua de cimento.

They have a cement statue.

Using 'ter' (to have) with a material description.

6

O muro de cimento é alto.

The cement wall is high.

Adjective 'alto' agrees with 'muro', not 'cimento'.

7

É um bloco de cimento.

It is a cement block.

Common noun phrase for construction.

8

Gosto do seu vaso de cimento.

I like your cement pot.

Contraction 'do' (de + o) used with 'gostar'.

1

As escadas da casa são de cimento.

The house stairs are made of cement.

Plural subject 'escadas' with singular material 'cimento'.

2

Nós moramos em um prédio de cimento.

We live in a cement building.

Preposition 'em' + 'um' becomes 'num' or 'em um'.

3

Você prefere o piso de cimento ou de azulejo?

Do you prefer the cement floor or the tile floor?

Asking for preference between materials.

4

O jardim tem muitos potes de cimento.

The garden has many cement pots.

Plural noun 'potes' modified by 'de cimento'.

5

Eles construíram um muro de cimento no quintal.

They built a cement wall in the backyard.

Past tense 'construíram' with a material object.

6

Esta mesa de cimento é muito pesada.

This cement table is very heavy.

Adjective 'pesada' agrees with 'mesa'.

7

O acabamento da parede é de cimento queimado.

The wall finish is burnt cement.

'Cimento queimado' is a specific compound term.

8

Não ande no cimento fresco!

Don't walk on the fresh cement!

Use of 'no' (em + o) with the material noun.

1

A arquitetura moderna utiliza muito o cimento aparente.

Modern architecture uses a lot of exposed cement.

'Cimento aparente' is a common architectural term.

2

Os bancos de cimento da praça foram pintados de verde.

The cement benches in the square were painted green.

Passive voice 'foram pintados' with material subject.

3

É mais barato fazer uma calçada de cimento do que de pedra.

It is cheaper to make a cement sidewalk than a stone one.

Comparative structure 'mais... do que'.

4

A humidade pode danificar as estruturas de cimento ao longo do tempo.

Humidity can damage cement structures over time.

Discussing material properties and environmental effects.

5

Eu gosto do estilo industrial com móveis de cimento.

I like the industrial style with cement furniture.

Using 'estilo industrial' as a context for the material.

6

Eles decidiram substituir a grama por uma área de cimento.

They decided to replace the grass with a cement area.

Verb 'substituir... por' (replace... with).

7

O escultor criou uma obra impressionante de cimento e ferro.

The sculptor created an impressive work of cement and iron.

Combining two materials in a description.

8

A fundação de cimento deve secar por vários dias.

The cement foundation must dry for several days.

Modal verb 'deve' + infinitive 'secar'.

1

O projeto prevê a construção de grandes pilares de cimento armado.

The project foresees the construction of large reinforced cement pillars.

'Cimento armado' refers to reinforced concrete.

2

Muitos consideram as cidades de cimento opressivas e sem vida.

Many consider cement cities oppressive and lifeless.

Figurative use of 'cidades de cimento'.

3

A impermeabilização é essencial para qualquer superfície de cimento exterior.

Waterproofing is essential for any exterior cement surface.

Technical vocabulary: 'impermeabilização'.

4

O uso excessivo de cimento na orla marítima gerou polêmica.

The excessive use of cement on the waterfront generated controversy.

Discussing social and environmental issues.

5

A textura áspera do cimento contrasta com a suavidade do vidro.

The rough texture of cement contrasts with the smoothness of glass.

Abstract noun 'textura' and verb 'contrastar'.

6

Apesar de ser de cimento, a estrutura parece leve e flutuante.

Despite being made of cement, the structure seems light and floating.

Concessive clause 'Apesar de' + gerund/infinitive.

7

O artesão especializou-se em produzir telhas de cimento de alta resistência.

The craftsman specialized in producing high-resistance cement tiles.

Reflexive verb 'especializar-se em'.

8

A restauração do monumento de cimento exigiu técnicas avançadas.

The restoration of the cement monument required advanced techniques.

Using 'restauração' in a material context.

1

A onipresença do cimento na paisagem urbana reflete a mentalidade desenvolvimentista do século XX.

The omnipresence of cement in the urban landscape reflects the developmentalist mentality of the 20th century.

Sophisticated vocabulary: 'onipresença', 'desenvolvimentista'.

2

O brutalismo, com suas formas massivas de cimento bruto, divide opiniões entre arquitetos.

Brutalism, with its massive forms of raw cement, divides opinions among architects.

Appositive phrase describing 'brutalismo'.

3

A pegada de carbono da produção de cimento é uma preocupação central na engenharia civil moderna.

The carbon footprint of cement production is a central concern in modern civil engineering.

Environmental and technical terminology.

4

A porosidade inerente ao cimento exige tratamentos químicos para evitar a infiltração.

The inherent porosity of cement requires chemical treatments to prevent infiltration.

Technical description of material properties.

5

O autor utiliza a imagem do 'coração de cimento' para simbolizar a apatia da metrópole.

The author uses the image of the 'heart of cement' to symbolize the apathy of the metropolis.

Literary analysis and metaphorical usage.

6

Inovações no setor permitiram a criação de um cimento translúcido e altamente sustentável.

Innovations in the sector allowed for the creation of a translucent and highly sustainable cement.

Discussing technological advancement.

7

A transição das habitações rurais de adobe para as de cimento alterou a dinâmica térmica das vilas.

The transition from rural adobe dwellings to cement ones altered the thermal dynamics of the villages.

Historical and scientific observation.

8

A resistência à compressão é a característica mais valorizada nos blocos de cimento estrutural.

Compressive strength is the most valued characteristic in structural cement blocks.

Engineering terminology: 'resistência à compressão'.

1

A fenomenologia do espaço urbano é indissociável da percepção tátil e visual das superfícies de cimento que nos rodeiam.

The phenomenology of urban space is inseparable from the tactile and visual perception of the cement surfaces that surround us.

Highly academic and philosophical register.

2

O debate sobre a 'cimentificação' das cidades ignora, por vezes, as necessidades pragmáticas de infraestrutura básica.

The debate about the 'cementification' of cities sometimes ignores the pragmatic needs of basic infrastructure.

Neologism 'cimentificação' (cementification).

3

A durabilidade milenar do cimento romano contrasta com a obsolescência programada de certas misturas contemporâneas.

The millennia-long durability of Roman cement contrasts with the programmed obsolescence of certain contemporary mixes.

Historical comparison and advanced social concepts.

4

Subjacente à estética minimalista do cimento polido, reside uma complexa engenharia de polímeros e aditivos.

Underlying the minimalist aesthetic of polished cement lies a complex engineering of polymers and additives.

Sophisticated sentence structure with inverted subject.

5

A poética do cimento bruto em Oscar Niemeyer transcende a mera funcionalidade, alcançando o status de escultura habitável.

The poetics of raw cement in Oscar Niemeyer's work transcends mere functionality, reaching the status of habitable sculpture.

Cultural criticism and specialized architectural discourse.

6

A mitigação dos impactos ambientais da indústria de cimento requer uma reestruturação radical dos paradigmas de produção globais.

Mitigating the environmental impacts of the cement industry requires a radical restructuring of global production paradigms.

Formal policy and scientific discourse.

7

A frieza do cimento, quando justaposta a elementos orgânicos, cria uma tensão dialética que define o design contemporâneo.

The coldness of cement, when juxtaposed with organic elements, creates a dialectical tension that defines contemporary design.

Philosophical and design-oriented language.

8

A hegemonia do cimento como material de eleição para a reconstrução pós-guerra moldou irreversivelmente a face da Europa moderna.

The hegemony of cement as the material of choice for post-war reconstruction irreversibly shaped the face of modern Europe.

Historical analysis and high-level vocabulary.

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