grávida 30秒了解
- Grávida means pregnant in Portuguese.
- It is an adjective used with the verb 'estar'.
- It is a false friend with the Spanish 'embarazada' (which is 'grávida' in PT).
- It is used for humans and sometimes pets.
The Portuguese word grávida is a fundamental adjective used to describe the biological state of a female carrying developing offspring within her uterus. At its core, it is the direct equivalent of the English word 'pregnant'. While the term is primarily biological, in Lusophone cultures, it carries deep social, emotional, and legal significance. To be grávida is to be in a state of 'gestação' (gestation). Unlike some languages where multiple common terms might exist for different stages, grávida is the universal standard from the moment of conception until birth.
- Biological Context
- Refers to the physiological process of carrying a fetus. It is most commonly applied to humans but can technically apply to mammals, though 'prenhe' is more common for animals.
- Social Status
- In Brazil and Portugal, being 'grávida' grants specific legal rights, such as priority seating and maternity leave (licença-maternidade).
- Grammatical Gender
- The word is almost exclusively used in the feminine form. While 'grávido' exists in a poetic or very specific biological sense (referring to the male role in certain species like seahorses), for humans, it is always 'ela está grávida'.
"A Maria descobriu ontem que está grávida de três meses e a família está radiante."
It is important to note that 'grávida' is an adjective of state. In Portuguese, we use the verb estar (to be temporarily/in a state) rather than ser (to be permanently). Saying 'ela é grávida' would sound as if pregnancy is a permanent personality trait or an inherent quality of her being, which is logically incorrect. Therefore, the construction is always estar + grávida.
"Cuidado com o que você come enquanto estiver grávida."
"Ela é uma grávida muito ativa; faz yoga todos os dias."
- Etymology
- Derived from the Latin 'gravidus', from 'gravis' meaning heavy. This reflects the physical weight and the 'gravity' or importance of the condition.
Using grávida correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective and its specific verb pairings. As mentioned, the verb estar is your primary companion. However, there are several other verbs and structures that expand its utility in conversation.
1. Verb Pairings
- Estar grávida: The most common way to describe the current state. (Ex: 'Ela está grávida.')
- Ficar grávida: Used to describe the transition into pregnancy (to get pregnant). (Ex: 'Ela quer ficar grávida este ano.')
- Descobrir-se grávida: To find out one is pregnant. (Ex: 'Ela se descobriu grávida aos 40 anos.')
2. Prepositions and Complements
When you want to specify the duration or the 'content' of the pregnancy, use the preposition de:
- Grávida de [Time]
- Grávida de três meses (Three months pregnant), grávida de 20 semanas.
- Grávida de [Offspring]
- Grávida de um menino (Pregnant with a boy), grávida de gêmeos (Pregnant with twins).
3. Adjectival Agreement
Because it is an adjective, it must agree with the noun it modifies. Since only females (mulheres) can be pregnant, it is almost always grávida. However, if you are using the noun 'casal' (couple), you might hear 'o casal está grávido' in a modern, metaphorical sense to imply that both partners are going through the experience together.
"Nós estamos grávidos!" (Commonly said by couples sharing the news).
The word grávida is ubiquitous in Portuguese-speaking societies. You will encounter it in formal medical settings, casual family chats, and media. Understanding the context helps in choosing the right level of formality.
Medical and Professional Settings
In a hospital or clinic, the term is used clinically. You might see signs for 'Atendimento prioritário para grávidas' (Priority service for pregnant women). Doctors will ask: 'Há alguma chance de você estar grávida?' (Is there any chance you are pregnant?).
Media and Pop Culture
In Brazilian telenovelas, a character being grávida is a classic plot device. You will hear dramatic reveals like: 'Eu estou grávida de você!' (I am pregnant with your child!). In news reports, it is used to discuss maternity laws or health statistics.
Everyday Life
On public transport (bus, metro), you will see stickers on seats indicating they are reserved for gestantes (a more formal synonym for grávidas). If you see a woman with a visible bump, it is polite to offer your seat, often saying: 'Por favor, a senhora está grávida, pode sentar aqui.'
"A lei garante estabilidade no emprego para a mulher grávida."
Even though 'grávida' is a relatively simple word, learners often trip over specific nuances of Portuguese grammar and false cognates.
1. Ser vs. Estar
The most frequent error is using ser. Remember: Pregnancy is a state, not an essence.
❌ Ela é grávida.
✅ Ela está grávida.
2. The Spanish Trap (Embaraçada)
English speakers who know Spanish often try to use 'embaraçada' to mean pregnant (from Spanish 'embarazada'). In Portuguese, embaraçada means 'embarrassed' or 'tangled' (like hair).
❌ Ela está embaraçada. (She is embarrassed).
✅ Ela está grávida. (She is pregnant).
3. Preposition Errors
Learners often use 'com' (with) instead of 'de' (of) when specifying the time.
❌ Grávida com cinco meses.
✅ Grávida de cinco meses.
While grávida is the standard, Portuguese offers several synonyms and related terms depending on the register (formal vs. informal).
- Gestante
- The most common formal/medical synonym. You will see this on signs and in medical documents. (Ex: 'Vaga para gestantes').
- Pejada
- A very literary or archaic term, rarely used in modern speech but found in older literature.
- Em estado interessante
- A polite, old-fashioned euphemism used to avoid saying the word 'pregnant' directly in 'polite' company.
- De esperanças
- Another poetic way to say someone is expecting. (Ex: 'Ela está de esperanças').
Understanding these variations helps you navigate different social environments, from a doctor's office to a poetry reading.
How Formal Is It?
""
""
""
难度评级
需要掌握的语法
按水平分级的例句
Ela está grávida.
She is pregnant.
Uses 'estar' for a temporary state.
Você está grávida?
Are you pregnant?
Question form with rising intonation.
Minha irmã está grávida.
My sister is pregnant.
Possessive 'minha' + noun + verb + adjective.
Eu não estou grávida.
I am not pregnant.
Negative 'não' before the verb.
Ela é uma grávida feliz.
She is a happy pregnant woman.
Here 'grávida' acts as a noun.
A gata está grávida.
The cat is pregnant.
Commonly used for pets too.
Maria está grávida de novo.
Maria is pregnant again.
'De novo' means again.
Quem está grávida?
Who is pregnant?
Interrogative 'Quem'.
Ela está grávida de três meses.
She is three months pregnant.
Preposition 'de' indicates duration.
A grávida precisa sentar.
The pregnant woman needs to sit.
Using 'grávida' as a noun.
Ela quer ficar grávida logo.
She wants to get pregnant soon.
'Ficar' indicates becoming.
Você sabe se ela está grávida?
Do you know if she is pregnant?
Indirect question with 'se'.
Ela está grávida de um menino.
She is pregnant with a boy.
'De' indicates the gender of the baby.
Minha esposa está grávida de gêmeos.
My wife is pregnant with twins.
'Gêmeos' means twins.
Ela descobriu que está grávida ontem.
She found out she is pregnant yesterday.
Past tense 'descobriu'.
A mulher grávida tem prioridade.
The pregnant woman has priority.
Adjective modifying 'mulher'.
Se eu ficasse grávida, ficaria muito feliz.
If I got pregnant, I would be very happy.
Imperfect subjunctive + conditional.
Ela não sabia que estava grávida até o quinto mês.
She didn't know she was pregnant until the fifth month.
Past continuous state.
É importante comer bem quando se está grávida.
It is important to eat well when one is pregnant.
Impersonal 'se' construction.
Ela está grávida, por isso não pode beber álcool.
She is pregnant, that's why she can't drink alcohol.
'Por isso' indicates consequence.
O casal anunciou que está grávido.
The couple announced they are pregnant.
Metaphorical use of masculine plural for a couple.
Ela ficou grávida durante as férias.
She got pregnant during the holidays.
Action in the past.
Muitas mulheres grávidas sofrem com enjoos.
Many pregnant women suffer from nausea.
Plural agreement.
Ela está grávida de sua primeira filha.
She is pregnant with her first daughter.
Possessive 'sua' + 'primeira'.
Embora esteja grávida, ela continua trabalhando muito.
Although she is pregnant, she continues working a lot.
Concessive 'Embora' + subjunctive.
A empresa não pode demitir uma funcionária grávida.
The company cannot fire a pregnant employee.
Legal context.
Ela se sente mais cansada agora que está grávida.
She feels more tired now that she is pregnant.
Causal 'agora que'.
Duvido que ela esteja grávida de novo.
I doubt she is pregnant again.
Verb of doubt + subjunctive.
A saúde da grávida deve ser monitorada de perto.
The pregnant woman's health must be monitored closely.
Passive voice 'ser monitorada'.
Ela está grávida, mas ainda não contou para os pais.
She is pregnant, but hasn't told her parents yet.
Adversative 'mas'.
Toda grávida tem direito a acompanhante no parto.
Every pregnant woman has the right to a companion during birth.
'Toda' meaning every/any.
Ela está grávida e radiante com a notícia.
She is pregnant and radiant with the news.
Adjective 'radiante'.
A situação política está grávida de incertezas.
The political situation is pregnant with uncertainties.
Metaphorical usage.
Raramente se vê uma grávida tão disposta quanto ela.
Rarely do you see a pregnant woman as energetic as her.
Negative adverb + 'se' + comparison.
Caso ela esteja grávida, precisaremos adaptar o roteiro.
In case she is pregnant, we will need to adapt the script.
Conditional 'Caso' + subjunctive.
A legislação protege a grávida contra qualquer discriminação.
Legislation protects the pregnant woman against any discrimination.
Formal register.
Ela está grávida, o que explica sua mudança de humor.
She is pregnant, which explains her mood swings.
Relative 'o que' referring to the whole clause.
Mesmo grávida, ela não abriu mão de sua rotina de exercícios.
Even while pregnant, she didn't give up her exercise routine.
Concessive 'Mesmo' + adjective.
Aquelas palavras estavam grávidas de um significado oculto.
Those words were pregnant with a hidden meaning.
Literary metaphorical use.
A paciente encontra-se grávida de risco e requer repouso.
The patient is in a high-risk pregnancy and requires rest.
Formal 'encontra-se' instead of 'está'.
O ar estava pesado, grávido de uma tempestade iminente.
The air was heavy, pregnant with an imminent storm.
High literary style.
Não obstante estar grávida, a atleta competiu até o limite.
Notwithstanding being pregnant, the athlete competed to the limit.
Formal 'Não obstante' + infinitive.
A obra de Guimarães Rosa é grávida de neologismos.
Guimarães Rosa's work is pregnant with neologisms.
Academic/Literary criticism.
Sua fala, grávida de ironia, silenciou a sala.
His speech, pregnant with irony, silenced the room.
Metaphorical use in masculine (referring to 'fala' which is feminine, wait - 'fala' is feminine, so 'grávida' is correct).
A gestante, ou grávida, goza de prerrogativas constitucionais.
The expectant mother, or pregnant woman, enjoys constitutional prerogatives.
Juridical terminology.
O momento era solene, grávido de promessas e esperanças.
The moment was solemn, pregnant with promises and hopes.
Abstract metaphorical use.
A condição de estar grávida altera a farmacocinética de muitos fármacos.
The condition of being pregnant alters the pharmacokinetics of many drugs.
Scientific/Medical register.
Ela sentia-se grávida de um futuro que ainda não podia nomear.
She felt pregnant with a future she could not yet name.
Existential/Poetic use.
常见搭配
常用短语
Estou grávida!
Ela está grávida de quanto tempo?
Você quer ficar grávida?
A grávida passou mal.
Cuidado, ela está grávida.
Ela é uma grávida linda.
Grávida de primeira viagem.
Desejos de grávida são fortes.
Prioridade para grávidas.
Ela descobriu que está grávida.
容易混淆的词
习语与表达
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
容易混淆
句型
如何使用
Use 'prenhe' for animals to be more precise.
Can be used for situations full of potential.
- Using 'ser' instead of 'estar'.
- Using 'embaraçada' (Spanish influence).
- Using 'com' instead of 'de' for time.
- Forgetting the accent on 'grávida'.
- Using 'prenhe' for a woman (can be rude).
小贴士
Verb Choice
Always use 'estar' for the current state of being pregnant.
False Friend
Never use 'embaraçada' for pregnant; it means embarrassed.
Priority
Look for the word 'Gestante' on public transport for priority seating.
Pronunciation
The accent on 'á' means it is an open, stressed sound.
Cravings
The word for pregnancy cravings is 'desejos'.
Formal Writing
Use 'gestante' in medical or legal documents.
First Time
Use 'de primeira viagem' for a first-time pregnant woman.
Duration
Use 'de' to link the state to the number of months.
Animals
Use 'prenhe' for animals to sound more like a native speaker.
Couples
It is now common for men to say 'estamos grávidos' to show support.
记住它
词源
Latin
文化背景
Often babies are named after grandparents.
Law 10.048 in Brazil guarantees priority service.
Some believe if a pregnant woman's 'desejo' (craving) isn't met, the baby will have a mark.
在生活中练习
真实语境
对话开场白
"Você já ficou grávida?"
"Quando você soube que estava grávida?"
"O que uma grávida não pode comer?"
"Você conhece alguma grávida de gêmeos?"
"Como é a licença-maternidade no seu país?"
日记主题
Descreva como você contaria para sua família que está grávida.
Escreva sobre os direitos das grávidas no seu país.
Imagine que sua melhor amiga está grávida. O que você diria?
Quais são os desafios de estar grávida em uma cidade grande?
Você acha que os homens também ficam 'grávidos' emocionalmente?
常见问题
10 个问题No, you must use 'estar grávida' because it is a temporary state.
Yes, but it is rarely used for humans unless referring to a couple ('estamos grávidos').
The formal word is 'gestante'.
No, it means embarrassed. This is a common mistake for Spanish speakers.
You say 'grávida de três meses'.
Yes, though 'prenhe' is more common for animals.
It means a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
No, it is the standard, polite term.
It is called 'licença-maternidade'.
Biologically no, but 'engravidar' is the verb for getting someone pregnant.
自我测试 180 个问题
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'grávida' is the essential term for pregnancy in Portuguese. Always use it with 'estar' to describe the state, and use the preposition 'de' to specify the duration or the baby's gender.
- Grávida means pregnant in Portuguese.
- It is an adjective used with the verb 'estar'.
- It is a false friend with the Spanish 'embarazada' (which is 'grávida' in PT).
- It is used for humans and sometimes pets.
Verb Choice
Always use 'estar' for the current state of being pregnant.
False Friend
Never use 'embaraçada' for pregnant; it means embarrassed.
Priority
Look for the word 'Gestante' on public transport for priority seating.
Pronunciation
The accent on 'á' means it is an open, stressed sound.
相关内容
更多family词汇
à medida que
A2As; at the same time that.
abençoado
A2Blessed, consecrated; sacred.
abrigo
A2Shelter, a place providing temporary protection from bad weather or danger.
acarinhar
A2To show affection to; to caress or cuddle.
aceito
A2Accepted; generally recognized or agreed upon.
acenar
A2To wave (as a greeting).
acolher
A2To receive (a guest or new member) with pleasure and hospitality.
acolhimento
A2The action of welcoming or receiving someone; hospitality or fostering.
acolitar
B2To assist or accompany.
acomodar
A2To provide lodging or space for.
