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A2 noun #7,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

ruínas

前7,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 ruínas 30秒了解

解析 ruínas in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'ruínas' means 'ruins'. It is a word you will see on signs when you visit Portugal. You can use it in very simple sentences with the verb 'ver' (to see) or 'ser' (to be). For example: 'As ruínas são bonitas' (The ruins are beautiful) or 'Eu vejo as ruínas' (I see the ruins). Remember that it is a feminine word, so you use 'as' and 'muitas'. It is plural, so don't forget the 's' at the end. Think of it as a place you visit on a school trip or a vacation. It's a simple noun to describe old, broken buildings that are famous.

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At the A2 level, you should start using 'ruínas' with more descriptive verbs and prepositions. The most important phrase to learn is 'está em ruínas' (it is in ruins). This describes the state of a house or a building. You can also use it to talk about history: 'Portugal tem muitas ruínas romanas'. You should be able to agree adjectives with it, like 'ruínas antigas' or 'ruínas grandes'. You might also see it in short texts about travel or history. It's a useful word for describing what you see in a city or a park. At this level, focus on the physical meaning of the word.

At the B1 level, you can use 'ruínas' in more complex sentences and begin to understand its metaphorical uses. You might talk about 'as ruínas de um império' or how a storm 'deixou a cidade em ruínas'. You should also be able to distinguish between 'ruínas' and 'escombros' (rubble). You will encounter this word in news articles or more detailed travel guides. You can use it to explain why a building is dangerous or why a historical site is important. Your vocabulary should include related words like 'arruinar' (to ruin) and 'arruinado' (ruined).

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'ruínas' in abstract and literary contexts. You can discuss the 'ruínas da economia' or the 'ruínas de uma relação'. You will understand the nuance between 'ruína' (singular, often meaning disaster or downfall) and 'ruínas' (plural, physical remains). You can write essays about historical preservation or urban decay using this word. You should also recognize it in Portuguese literature and poetry, where it often symbolizes the passage of time or the feeling of 'saudade'. Your pronunciation should be perfect, emphasizing the 'í'.

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At the C1 level, 'ruínas' becomes a tool for sophisticated expression. You can use it to describe philosophical concepts, such as the 'ruínas da modernidade' or the 'ruínas da memória'. You will understand its use in academic texts about archaeology, architecture, and sociology. You can use varied synonyms like 'remanescentes' or 'vestígios' to avoid repetition. You should also be aware of how the word is used in different Lusophone countries and how it appears in high-level journalism to describe political or social collapses. You can debate the ethics of leaving historical sites in ruins versus restoring them.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'ruínas'. You can use it with subtle irony, poetic depth, or technical precision. You understand the deep cultural significance of ruins in the Portuguese psyche, especially in relation to the 'Grandeur of the Past'. You can analyze how authors like José Saramago or Eça de Queirós use the imagery of ruins to critique society. You can use the word in any register, from extremely formal legal documents about property degradation to the most abstract philosophical treaties. You are comfortable with all idiomatic expressions and historical references involving the word.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

ruínas 30秒了解

Ruínas refers to the physical remains of destroyed or decayed buildings, often used in historical, archaeological, or tourism contexts across the Portuguese-speaking world.
Grammatically, it is a feminine plural noun. It is frequently used with the preposition 'em' to describe a state of total disrepair or collapse.
Metaphorically, it describes the downfall of abstract concepts like finances, relationships, or empires, carrying a tone of tragedy, nostalgia, or poetic beauty.
Commonly confused with 'escombros' (rubble) or 'destroços' (wreckage), 'ruínas' is specifically reserved for architecture and significant historical sites.

The word ruínas is a feminine plural noun in Portuguese that primarily refers to the physical remains of structures, buildings, or civilizations that have decayed, been destroyed, or collapsed over time. While the English word 'ruins' is a direct cognate, the Portuguese usage extends into both historical preservation and metaphorical decay. In a literal sense, when you walk through the historic streets of Lisbon or the Roman settlements in Alentejo, you are surrounded by ruínas. These are not just 'old buildings' but specifically those that have lost their structural integrity or original function due to the passage of centuries, natural disasters, or human conflict.

Arqueologia: In an archaeological context, ruínas are the primary focus of study, representing the physical footprint of past societies like the Romans or the Moors in the Iberian Peninsula.
Estado de Conservação: It describes a state of disrepair. A house that has been abandoned for fifty years and has a collapsed roof is officially in ruínas.

Visitámos as ruínas romanas de Conímbriga durante as férias.

Beyond the physical, ruínas is used metaphorically to describe the downfall of abstract concepts. One might speak of the 'ruins of a marriage' (as ruínas de um casamento) or the 'ruins of an empire' (as ruínas de um império). This metaphorical usage is frequent in Portuguese literature, particularly in Fado lyrics and the works of poets like Fernando Pessoa, where the 'ruins' of the self or the past are central themes of saudade. It evokes a sense of tragic beauty—something that was once grand but is now a shadow of its former self.

O terramoto de 1755 deixou grande parte de Lisboa em ruínas.

Sentimentalismo: The word carries a weight of nostalgia. To see something in ruins is to acknowledge the triumph of time over human effort.

In everyday conversation, you might use it to describe a very old, neglected house in your neighborhood: 'Aquela casa está em ruínas' (That house is in ruins/falling apart). It is more formal and descriptive than saying 'está velha' (it is old) or 'está partida' (it is broken). It implies a total or near-total loss of structure. In tourism, you will see signs for ruínas históricas or ruínas arqueológicas throughout Portugal and Brazil, marking sites of cultural significance.

As ruínas do Convento do Carmo são um símbolo da resistência de Lisboa.

Using ruínas correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a feminine plural noun. It is almost always preceded by the definite article as or the prepositional phrase em (in). Because it is plural, all accompanying adjectives and verbs must agree. For example, 'As ruínas são antigas' (The ruins are old) uses the plural verb são and the feminine plural adjective antigas. If you are describing the state of a building, the most common construction is the verb estar followed by em ruínas.

Verbo Estar + Em Ruínas: This describes a temporary or current state of decay. 'O castelo está em ruínas' (The castle is in ruins).
Verbo Visitar + As Ruínas: Used primarily in tourism and history. 'Nós visitámos as ruínas de Évora'.

Depois do incêndio, o teatro ficou reduzido a ruínas.

Another common pattern involves the verb ficar (to become/to stay). When a building is destroyed, we say it 'ficou em ruínas' or 'foi reduzido a ruínas' (was reduced to ruins). This is common in news reporting or historical accounts of wars and natural disasters. Note that while 'ruins' in English can sometimes be used as a verb (to ruin), ruínas in Portuguese is strictly a noun. The verb form is arruinar. So, you would say 'A chuva arruinou a festa' but 'A chuva deixou a casa em ruínas'.

As ruínas daquela civilização ainda escondem muitos mistérios.

In more advanced contexts, ruínas can be modified by possessives or relative clauses. 'As ruínas que vemos hoje...' (The ruins that we see today...). It can also be the subject of a sentence: 'As ruínas atraem milhares de turistas todos os anos'. In business or finance, the singular ruína is more common ('A ruína financeira'), but if you are talking about the physical remains of a company's infrastructure after a disaster, the plural ruínas returns. Understanding this distinction between the abstract singular and the concrete plural is key to sounding natural.

Agreement Check: Estas (these) ruínas; Aquelas (those) ruínas; Muitas (many) ruínas.

Caminhámos por entre as ruínas silenciosas da aldeia abandonada.

If you are traveling through Portugal or Brazil, you will encounter the word ruínas frequently in the context of tourism and heritage. Portugal, with its long history involving Romans, Visigoths, and Moors, is dotted with 'ruínas arqueológicas'. You will see this word on brown highway signs indicating 'Pontos de Interesse'. For example, 'Ruínas de Conímbriga' or 'Ruínas do Templo de Diana'. In these cases, it is a term of prestige, indicating a site of historical value that has been preserved for the public.

Guias Turísticos: Tour guides will often say: 'À vossa direita, podem ver as ruínas da antiga muralha' (On your right, you can see the ruins of the ancient wall).
Documentários e História: On RTP or TV Cultura, narrators use ruínas to discuss the decline of empires or the discovery of new archaeological sites.

O guia explicou a importância das ruínas para a compreensão da nossa história.

In urban environments, you might hear the word in a more negative or urgent context. In cities like Porto or Lisbon, where many old buildings are undergoing gentrification, you might hear residents or news reports talking about 'prédios em ruínas' (buildings in ruins). This refers to abandoned properties that are dangerous or eye-sores. Real estate investors might talk about buying a 'casa em ruínas' to renovate it. Here, the word implies a project or a loss of urban quality.

A cidade está cheia de prédios antigos que estão quase em ruínas.

Finally, in the news, ruínas appears during coverage of natural disasters. After an earthquake, flood, or fire, reporters will describe the scene: 'A vila foi deixada em ruínas' (The village was left in ruins). It provides a vivid image of total devastation. Whether it is the 'ruínas circulares' of Jorge Luis Borges (translated into Portuguese) or the 'ruínas de um sonho' (ruins of a dream) in a soap opera, the word is pervasive in both high and low culture across the Lusophone world.

Noticiários: 'As equipas de resgate procuram sobreviventes por entre as ruínas do edifício'.

O poeta escreveu sobre as ruínas da sua própria memória.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using the singular ruína when they should use the plural ruínas. In English, we can say 'The building is a ruin', but in Portuguese, we almost always say 'O edifício está em ruínas'. Using the singular 'está em ruína' usually refers to financial or moral downfall, not physical debris. If you say 'A casa é uma ruína', it sounds like a harsh criticism of its current state, whereas 'está em ruínas' is more of a factual description of its structural condition.

Gender Agreement Error: Mistaking 'ruínas' for masculine. People might say 'os ruínas' because it ends in 'as', which is rare but happens with beginners. It is always as ruínas.
Confusing with 'Restos': Using 'restos' (remains/leftovers) for buildings. While 'restos mortais' is for bodies, 'ruínas' is strictly for structures.

Errado: Vi os ruínas romanas. Correto: Vi as ruínas romanas.

Another common pitfall is the confusion between the noun ruínas and the verb arruinar. English speakers might try to use 'ruína' as a verb because 'ruin' works that way in English. In Portuguese, you cannot say 'Eu vou ruína isso'. You must say 'Eu vou arruinar isto'. Similarly, the adjective 'ruined' is arruinado or em ruínas, never just 'ruína'.

Errado: A minha vida está uma ruína. (Though grammatically okay, 'em ruínas' is more common for total collapse).

Finally, watch out for the pronunciation of the 'u' and 'í'. It is not 'ru-inas' but 'ru-í-nas', with a clear stress on the 'í'. The accent mark (acento agudo) is there specifically to separate the vowels into two syllables (a hiatus). Skipping the stress or blending the vowels makes the word unrecognizable to native speakers. It's a three-syllable word: ru-í-nas.

False Friend Caution: Do not confuse with 'reínas' (from the verb reinar - to reign). The 'u' is vital.

As ruínas (correct) vs. As rainhas (the queens) - a common slip for beginners!

While ruínas is the most common and versatile term, Portuguese offers several synonyms that specify the type of wreckage or the context of the decay. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation. For example, if you are talking about the rubble left immediately after a building collapses, escombros is a better choice. Ruínas suggests time has passed and the site has a certain 'state' or 'history', whereas escombros suggests a mess of bricks and dust.

Escombros vs. Ruínas: Escombros: Rubble, debris from a recent collapse. Ruínas: Standing remains of an old or destroyed structure.
Vestígios vs. Ruínas: Vestígios: Traces or tiny remains (like pottery shards). Ruínas: Substantial structural remains.

Os arqueólogos encontraram vestígios de cerâmica entre as ruínas.

Another alternative is destroços, which is typically used for the wreckage of vehicles, ships, or planes. You wouldn't say the 'ruínas' of a plane crash; you would say 'os destroços do avião'. Similarly, for a sunken ship, you use 'os destroços do navio'. Ruínas is almost exclusively reserved for fixed architecture and land-based structures. If you want to emphasize the abandonment of a place, you might use abandono or degradação, though these describe the process or state rather than the physical object itself.

As ruínas do castelo contrastam com os escombros da casa vizinha, destruída ontem.

For a very formal or academic tone, you might use remanescentes (remnants). This is often used in technical reports: 'Os remanescentes da fortificação quinhentista'. However, in common speech, ruínas remains the king. It covers everything from the majestic ruins of Rome to the sad ruins of a burnt-out shed. Knowing when to switch to escombros for a disaster or destroços for a vehicle will make your Portuguese sound much more precise and sophisticated.

Comparison Table: Ruínas: Buildings (Historical); Escombros: Collapsed debris (Disaster); Destroços: Vehicles (Accident); Vestígios: Small traces (Evidence).

Não restou nada além de destroços após o naufrágio.

How Formal Is It?

趣味小知识

The word 'ruína' is related to the word 'ruído' (noise), as the collapse of a building in ancient times was one of the loudest sounds people would experience.

发音指南

UK /ʁuˈinɐʃ/

US /huˈinɐs/

The stress is on the second syllable 'í'. This is marked by the acute accent.

押韵词

Binas Chinas Divinas Ensinas Finas Meninas Piscinas Vinas

常见错误

Pronouncing it as two syllables (ruí-nas) instead of three (ru-í-nas).
Making the 'í' sound too short.
In European Portuguese, failing to pronounce the final 's' as a 'sh' sound.
Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (it should be guttural or h-like).
Confusing the pronunciation with 'rainhas' (queens).

难度评级

阅读 2/5

Easy to recognize because it is a cognate of 'ruins'.

写作 3/5

Requires remembering the accent and feminine plural agreement.

口语 4/5

Challenging to get the hiatus (ru-í-nas) and the guttural 'r' correct.

听力 3/5

Must distinguish from words like 'rainhas' or 'reínas'.

接下来学什么

前置知识

Casa Velho História Pedra Ver

接下来学习

Arqueologia Património Preservação Monumentos Escavação

高级

Vestígios Escombros Destroços Decadência Remanescentes

需要掌握的语法

Hiatus with accented 'i'

In 'ru-í-nas', the 'u' and 'i' are separate syllables because of the accent.

Feminine Plural Agreement

As ruínas antigas (both article and adjective match feminine plural).

Prepositional Contractions

Das ruínas (de + as), nas ruínas (em + as), às ruínas (a + as).

Verb 'Estar' for temporary state

A casa está em ruínas (it wasn't always like this, it is a current state).

Plurality of place names

Sites are often referred to as 'As Ruínas de...' even if it's one building.

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按水平分级的例句

Eu gosto das ruínas.

I like the ruins.

Uses 'das' (de + as) because 'gostar' requires the preposition 'de'.

As ruínas são velhas.

The ruins are old.

Adjective 'velhas' agrees with feminine plural 'ruínas'.

Onde estão as ruínas?

Where are the ruins?

Interrogative sentence with plural verb 'estão'.

Há ruínas aqui.

There are ruins here.

Uses 'há' (there is/are) which is invariable.

As ruínas são bonitas.

The ruins are beautiful.

Simple subject-verb-adjective structure.

Nós vemos as ruínas.

We see the ruins.

Present tense of 'ver'.

Estas ruínas são grandes.

These ruins are big.

Demonstrative 'estas' matches feminine plural.

As ruínas do castelo.

The ruins of the castle.

Genitive construction using 'do' (de + o).

A casa antiga está em ruínas.

The old house is in ruins.

Common phrase 'estar em ruínas'.

Visitámos as ruínas romanas ontem.

We visited the Roman ruins yesterday.

Past tense 'visitámos' (Pretérito Perfeito).

Muitas cidades têm ruínas históricas.

Many cities have historical ruins.

Quantifier 'muitas' matches feminine plural.

Não entres ali, são ruínas perigosas.

Don't go in there, they are dangerous ruins.

Imperative 'não entres' and adjective agreement.

O guia fala sobre as ruínas.

The guide speaks about the ruins.

Preposition 'sobre' (about).

As ruínas ficam perto do rio.

The ruins are located near the river.

Verb 'ficar' used for location.

Vi fotos das ruínas na internet.

I saw photos of the ruins on the internet.

Contraction 'das' (de + as).

Eles estão a limpar as ruínas.

They are cleaning the ruins.

Present continuous 'estão a limpar' (European Portuguese).

O terramoto deixou a vila em ruínas.

The earthquake left the village in ruins.

Verb 'deixar' indicating a resulting state.

As ruínas atraem muitos turistas todos os anos.

The ruins attract many tourists every year.

Verb 'atrair' in the present tense.

É proibido subir às ruínas do mosteiro.

It is forbidden to climb the ruins of the monastery.

Prepositional contraction 'às' (a + as).

As ruínas foram descobertas por acaso.

The ruins were discovered by chance.

Passive voice 'foram descobertas'.

Apesar de serem ruínas, ainda são majestosas.

Despite being ruins, they are still majestic.

Conjunction 'apesar de' + gerund/infinitive.

O governo quer preservar estas ruínas.

The government wants to preserve these ruins.

Infinitive 'preservar'.

Caminhámos por entre as ruínas em silêncio.

We walked among the ruins in silence.

Compound preposition 'por entre'.

As ruínas da fábrica foram demolidas.

The factory ruins were demolished.

Noun 'fábrica' used as a specifier.

A economia do país está em ruínas após a crise.

The country's economy is in ruins after the crisis.

Metaphorical use of 'ruínas'.

As ruínas do seu casamento eram visíveis para todos.

The ruins of their marriage were visible to everyone.

Metaphorical use for relationships.

O arqueólogo dedicou a vida a estudar estas ruínas.

The archaeologist dedicated his life to studying these ruins.

Verb 'dedicar' + 'a'.

As ruínas evocam uma sensação de nostalgia profunda.

The ruins evoke a feeling of deep nostalgia.

Verb 'evocar' (to evoke).

Resta pouco das ruínas originais do templo.

Little remains of the original ruins of the temple.

Verb 'restar' (to remain).

A vegetação está a consumir as ruínas da mansão.

The vegetation is consuming the ruins of the mansion.

Personification of 'vegetação'.

As ruínas servem de lembrança de um passado glorioso.

The ruins serve as a reminder of a glorious past.

Phrase 'servir de' (to serve as).

Não podemos deixar que o património caia em ruínas.

We cannot let the heritage fall into ruins.

Subjunctive mood after 'deixar que'.

A obra reflete sobre as ruínas da civilização ocidental.

The work reflects on the ruins of Western civilization.

Philosophical/Literary context.

Por trás daquelas ruínas, esconde-se uma história de traição.

Behind those ruins, a story of betrayal is hidden.

Inverted sentence structure for emphasis.

As ruínas, outrora imponentes, são agora meros calhaus.

The ruins, once imposing, are now mere stones.

Use of the adverb 'outrora' (formerly).

A contemplação das ruínas incita à melancolia.

The contemplation of ruins incites melancholy.

Abstract noun 'contemplação'.

O projeto visa a reabilitação das ruínas industriais.

The project aims at the rehabilitation of industrial ruins.

Verb 'visar' + 'a' (to aim at).

As ruínas funcionam como um palimpsesto da história urbana.

The ruins function as a palimpsest of urban history.

Metaphorical/Technical term 'palimpsesto'.

Encontrámos abrigo entre as ruínas durante a tempestade.

We found shelter among the ruins during the storm.

Noun 'abrigo' (shelter).

As ruínas são o testemunho mudo de uma era esquecida.

The ruins are the silent testimony of a forgotten era.

Poetic personification 'testemunho mudo'.

A estética das ruínas permeia o romantismo português.

The aesthetics of ruins permeate Portuguese Romanticism.

Academic discourse on art history.

Subsistem apenas ruínas do que foi a maior biblioteca do mundo.

Only ruins subsist of what was once the largest library in the world.

Verb 'subsistir' (to subsist/remain).

O autor utiliza as ruínas como metáfora da decadência moral.

The author uses ruins as a metaphor for moral decadence.

Literary analysis context.

As ruínas não são o fim, mas o início de uma nova narrativa.

Ruins are not the end, but the beginning of a new narrative.

Philosophical contrast 'não... mas'.

A preservação das ruínas levanta questões éticas complexas.

The preservation of ruins raises complex ethical questions.

Abstract subject 'preservação'.

Vagueámos pelas ruínas, imersos em pensamentos existenciais.

We wandered through the ruins, immersed in existential thoughts.

Verb 'vaguear' (to wander).

A cidade ergueu-se sobre as ruínas do seu passado trágico.

The city rose above the ruins of its tragic past.

Reflexive verb 'erguer-se'.

As ruínas são cicatrizes na paisagem da memória coletiva.

Ruins are scars on the landscape of collective memory.

Metaphorical use of 'cicatrizes' (scars).

近义词

Escombros Destroços Vestígios Restos Remanescentes Relíquias Despojos Degradação

反义词

Construção Edifício Integridade Restauração

常见搭配

Em ruínas

Ruínas romanas

Ruínas arqueológicas

Reduzido a ruínas

Cair em ruínas

Ruínas circulares

Ruínas industriais

Vastidão de ruínas

Entre as ruínas

Beleza das ruínas

常用短语

Deitar em ruínas

— To destroy something completely, often metaphorically like a plan or reputation.

Aquele escândalo deitou a sua carreira em ruínas.

Viver nas ruínas

— To live in a state of decay or to be stuck in the past.

Ele vive nas ruínas das suas memórias.

Erguer-se das ruínas

— To recover or rebuild after a major disaster or failure.

A cidade ergueu-se das ruínas após o sismo.

Património em ruínas

— Historical heritage that is being neglected and falling apart.

É triste ver tanto património em ruínas em Portugal.

Ruínas de um sonho

— A common poetic expression for a failed ambition or hope.

Só restaram as ruínas de um sonho antigo.

Ficar em ruínas

— To end up in a state of destruction.

Se não cuidarmos da casa, ela vai ficar em ruínas.

Ruínas fumegantes

— Ruins that are still smoking, usually right after a fire.

As ruínas fumegantes do armazém eram assustadoras.

Explorar as ruínas

— The act of wandering through and investigating a ruined site.

Adoramos explorar as ruínas dos castelos medievais.

Ruínas submersas

— Ruins that are underwater, often from ancient cities.

Existem ruínas submersas ao largo da costa.

Ruínas do tempo

— A poetic way to say things that have decayed naturally over long periods.

Tudo se transforma em ruínas do tempo.

容易混淆的词

ruínas vs Escombros

Escombros is rubble from a recent disaster; ruínas are long-standing remains.

ruínas vs Destroços

Destroços is for vehicles (ships, planes); ruínas is for buildings.

ruínas vs Vestígios

Vestígios are small traces (like bones or pottery); ruínas are large structures.

习语与表达

"Estar na ruína"

— To be completely bankrupt or financially destroyed.

Depois de perder o emprego, ele está na ruína.

Informal/Neutral

"Levar à ruína"

— To cause someone or something to fail completely.

O vício do jogo levou-o à ruína.

Neutral

"Caminho para a ruína"

— A series of actions that will inevitably lead to failure.

Gastas mais do que ganhas; isso é o caminho para a ruína.

Neutral

"Construir sobre ruínas"

— To try to start something new using the remains of something that failed.

É difícil construir uma nova vida sobre as ruínas da antiga.

Literary

"Ruína total"

— Complete and absolute destruction or bankruptcy.

A empresa declarou ruína total ontem.

Formal

"Ser a ruína de alguém"

— To be the cause of someone's downfall.

A ambição foi a ruína dele.

Neutral

"À beira da ruína"

— On the verge of collapsing or failing.

A economia está à beira da ruína.

Neutral

"Das ruínas se faz o novo"

— A hopeful saying that new things come from the destruction of the old.

Não chores, das ruínas se faz o novo.

Poetic

"Ruína moral"

— A total loss of ethics or character.

O político vive numa ruína moral absoluta.

Formal

"Ver a ruína de perto"

— To experience a near-total failure or disaster.

Durante a guerra, vimos a ruína de perto.

Neutral

容易混淆

ruínas vs Rainhas

Similar spelling and sound (Queens).

Rainhas has an 'a' and 'nh', ruínas has 'u' and 'í'.

As rainhas vivem no palácio; o palácio está em ruínas.

ruínas vs Reínas

From the verb 'reinar' (to reign).

Reínas starts with 'rei', ruínas starts with 'ruí'.

Tu reínas no meu coração.

ruínas vs Ruina (no accent)

Incorrect spelling.

Portuguese requires the accent on 'í' to show the syllable split.

Always write 'ruína', never 'ruina'.

ruínas vs Runa

Ancient letters (Runes).

Runa is two syllables; ruína is three.

Encontrámos uma runa gravada na pedra das ruínas.

ruínas vs Ruivo

Red-haired.

Ruivo is an adjective for hair color; ruína is a noun for decay.

O rapaz ruivo visitou as ruínas.

句型

As ruínas são [Adjective].

As ruínas são velhas.

O/A [Building] está em ruínas.

O castelo está em ruínas.

Visitámos as ruínas de [Place].

Visitámos as ruínas de Conímbriga.

O [Event] deixou o/a [Place] em ruínas.

O fogo deixou o teatro em ruínas.

Por entre as ruínas, vê-se [Something].

Por entre as ruínas, vê-se o mar.

As ruínas de [Concept] são [Adjective].

As ruínas da civilização são inevitáveis.

Any

Há ruínas em [Place].

Há ruínas em Évora.

Any

Gosto de explorar ruínas.

Gosto de explorar ruínas antigas.

词族

名词

Ruína (Singular: downfall/wreckage)

Arruinamento (The act of ruining)

动词

Arruinar (To ruin/destroy)

形容词

Ruinoso (In a state of ruin/disastrous)

Arruinado (Ruined)

如何使用

frequency

Common in history, news, and tourism. Less common in daily casual chat unless referring to a specific broken thing.

常见错误

Os ruínas → As ruínas
Ruínas is a feminine noun, so it must take the feminine article 'as'.
A casa é uma ruína → A casa está em ruínas
While the first is grammatically possible, 'está em ruínas' is the standard way to describe a decayed building.
Eu vou ruína o plano → Eu vou arruinar o plano
You cannot use the noun 'ruína' as a verb. You must use the verb 'arruinar'.
Vi os ruinas de Roma → Vi as ruínas de Roma
Missing the accent on the 'í' and using the wrong gender.
Restos de um castelo → Ruínas de um castelo
'Restos' is more for leftovers; 'ruínas' is the correct architectural term.

小贴士

Agreement is Key

Always check your adjectives. Since 'ruínas' is feminine and plural, you must use 'antigas', 'belas', 'perigosas', etc.

Ruína vs Ruínas

Use singular 'ruína' for bankrupcty or moral failure. Use plural 'ruínas' for stones and buildings.

Don't Rush the Hiatus

Ensure you say three syllables: ru-í-nas. If you say it too fast, it might sound like 'runas' (runes).

History Signs

When driving in Portugal, look for brown signs that say 'Ruínas'. They lead to the best historical spots!

Buildings Only

Do not use 'ruínas' for small things like a broken glass or a torn shirt. It's for big structures.

Use 'Em'

The most natural way to describe a bad building is the pattern: [Noun] + está em ruínas.

The 'sh' sound

In European Portuguese, the 's' at the end of 'ruínas' is a soft 'sh'. Listen for it!

Poetic License

Use 'ruínas' to talk about the past or memories to sound more sophisticated in your writing.

Warning Signs

If you see a sign saying 'Perigo: Ruínas', do not enter. It means the building is unstable.

Learn the Sites

Knowing the word 'ruínas' will help you navigate museums and historical parks in any Lusophone country.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the word 'Ruin' in English. In Portuguese, you just add 'as' and an accent on the 'i' to make it 'ru-í-nas'. It's like seeing the 'ruins' of a 'castle' in 'Portugal'.

视觉联想

Imagine the Roman Temple in Évora (The Temple of Diana). Those white pillars standing against a blue sky are the quintessential image of 'ruínas' in Portugal.

Word Web

Castelo História Pedra Antigo Arqueólogo Terramoto Abandono Turismo

挑战

Try to find three historical sites in Portugal that are famous for their ruínas and write a sentence about each using 'está em ruínas'.

词源

From the Latin 'ruina', which comes from the verb 'ruere', meaning 'to fall down', 'to rush', or 'to collapse'.

原始含义： A falling down, a collapse, or a headlong rush.

Romance (Latin-derived).

文化背景

Be careful when describing someone's home as 'em ruínas' as it can be offensive if they are still living there. Use it for abandoned or historical sites.

English speakers often use 'ruin' as a verb, but in Portuguese, 'ruínas' is strictly the noun for the physical remains.

Ruínas de Conímbriga (Coimbra) Ruínas do Templo Romano (Évora) As Ruínas Circulares (Story by Jorge Luis Borges)

在生活中练习

真实语境

Tourism

Onde ficam as ruínas?
Qual é o preço do bilhete para as ruínas?
Podemos tirar fotos às ruínas?
As ruínas são de que época?

Real Estate

A casa está em ruínas.
O telhado caiu e agora são só ruínas.
Quero comprar uma casa em ruínas para recuperar.
O preço é baixo porque está em ruínas.

History Class

As ruínas romanas de Conímbriga são vastas.
O terramoto deixou a cidade em ruínas.
Estudamos as ruínas para aprender sobre o passado.
As ruínas foram preservadas pelo estado.

Literature/Poetry

As ruínas da alma.
Beleza encontrada nas ruínas.
O tempo transforma tudo em ruínas.
Memórias que são ruínas.

Natural Disasters

A vila ficou em ruínas após o furacão.
Procurar sobreviventes nas ruínas.
O fogo reduziu o hotel a ruínas.
Ajuda para reconstruir as ruínas.

对话开场白

"Já visitaste algumas ruínas romanas em Portugal?"

"O que achas da ideia de transformar ruínas industriais em museus?"

"Gostavas de viver numa casa antiga que esteve em ruínas e foi recuperada?"

"Qual é o sítio com ruínas mais bonito que já viste?"

"Achais que devemos deixar as ruínas como estão ou reconstruí-las?"

日记主题

Descreve uma visita a umas ruínas. Como te sentiste ao ver o que resta do passado?

Escreve sobre uma situação em que algo na tua vida ficou 'em ruínas' e como o reconstruíste.

Se fosses um arqueólogo, que tipo de ruínas gostarias de descobrir e porquê?

As ruínas são tristes ou bonitas? Argumenta a tua opinião com exemplos.

Imagina que encontras as ruínas de uma cidade futurista. O que vês?

常见问题

10 个问题

When referring to physical remains of a building or a site, yes, it is almost always plural. You would say 'as ruínas de um castelo'. The singular 'ruína' is used for abstract concepts like 'financial ruin'.

'Ruínas' refers to the standing remains of an old building, often with historical value. 'Escombros' refers to the messy pile of rubble left immediately after a building collapses or is destroyed by a bomb or earthquake.

It is a stressed 'ee' sound. The accent tells you to break the 'u' and the 'i' into two separate syllables: ru-í-nas. It sounds like 'roo-EE-nas'.

No, for a car or plane, you should use 'destroços'. 'Ruínas' is specifically for architecture and buildings.

It is feminine. You must say 'as ruínas' and 'muitas ruínas'. Adjectives must also be feminine, like 'ruínas antigas'.

It means a building is in a state of total decay or has collapsed. It is the most common way to describe a very old, neglected house.

Yes, very often! You can talk about the 'ruínas de um império' (ruins of an empire) or 'as ruínas de uma vida' (the ruins of a life) to show total failure or decline.

Yes, many! The most famous are Conímbriga (Roman), the Roman Temple of Évora, and the Carmo Convent in Lisbon, which was left in ruins after the 1755 earthquake.

Mostly, yes. But remember that in English 'ruin' can be a verb, while in Portuguese the verb is 'arruinar'. 'Ruínas' is only the noun.

Yes, it is used identically in Brazil, though the pronunciation of the 'r' and the final 's' will differ slightly from Portugal.

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