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A1 adjective 9 دقيقة للقراءة

দুঃখী

Sad or unhappy

At the A1 level, 'দুঃখী' (Dukhi) is one of the first emotional adjectives you will learn. It is used to describe a person's basic emotional state. Beginners should focus on simple Subject + Adjective structures. In Bengali, you don't need a word for 'is' or 'am' when saying 'I am sad' (আমি দুঃখী). You should also learn the opposite, 'সুখী' (Sukhi - happy). At this stage, the goal is to be able to identify the word in a sentence and use it to describe yourself or others in a very basic way. For example, 'মা দুঃখী' (Mother is sad). It is important to remember that 'dukhi' describes the person, not the weather or a movie. You might also hear it in simple children's stories or basic conversations about feelings. Focus on the pronunciation: 'Doo-khee', with a slight breath on the 'kh'. Avoid the mistake of using it to say 'sorry' – that is 'Dukhito'. Practice saying 'আমি দুঃখী নই' (I am not sad) to get used to negation. This word provides a foundation for expressing empathy and understanding basic human emotions in Bengali culture.
At the A2 level, you begin to expand your use of 'দুঃখী' by adding reasons and using it in different tenses. You will learn to say things like 'সে খুব দুঃখী কারণ তার কলমটি হারিয়ে গেছে' (He is very sad because his pen is lost). You should also start using intensifiers like 'খুব' (khub - very) or 'একটু' (ektu - a little). At this level, you will encounter the word in slightly longer stories or dialogues. You will also learn to use 'হওয়া' (to be/become) with 'dukhi' to describe a change in emotion: 'সংবাদটি শুনে সে দুঃখী হলো' (Hearing the news, he became sad). This is a step up from just describing a static state. You should also be able to form simple questions like 'তুমি কেন দুঃখী?' (Why are you sad?). Understanding the cultural context where 'dukhi' might also imply poverty or long-term hardship begins at this stage. You will start to see the difference between the adjective 'dukhi' and the noun 'dukho' (sadness). For example, 'তার মনে অনেক দুঃখ' (There is much sadness in his mind). This level focuses on making your sentences more descriptive and grammatically varied.
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At the B1 level, you will use 'দুঃখী' in more complex sentence structures, such as relative clauses and comparisons. You can now say 'যে ছেলেটি দুঃখী, সে এখানে বসে আছে' (The boy who is sad is sitting here). You will also use comparative forms like 'সে আমার চেয়ে বেশি দুঃখী' (He is sadder than me). At this stage, you should be comfortable using 'dukhi' in a variety of contexts, including describing characters in literature or discussing social issues. You will begin to notice how 'dukhi' is used in songs and poetry to evoke a sense of pathos. You should also be able to distinguish 'dukhi' from more nuanced synonyms like 'bishonno' (melancholic) or 'kator' (distressed). Your ability to use 'dukhi' in the past and future tenses should be solid. For example, 'তারা ভবিষ্যতে দুঃখী হবে না' (They will not be sad in the future). You can also use it in conditional sentences: 'যদি তুমি চলে যাও, আমি দুঃখী হব' (If you leave, I will be sad). This level requires a deeper understanding of the word's emotional weight and its role in narrative building.
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At the B2 level, you will explore the philosophical and literary nuances of 'দুঃখী'. You will encounter the word in more formal texts, newspapers, and classic Bengali literature by authors like Rabindranath Tagore. You should be able to discuss the concept of 'dukhi' as a reflection of the human condition or social injustice. For example, 'দুঃখী মানুষের অধিকার নিয়ে কথা বলা উচিত' (One should talk about the rights of the sad/underprivileged people). At this level, you can use the word in abstract discussions about happiness and suffering. You will also learn compound words and idioms related to 'dukho' and 'dukhi'. Your understanding of the word will extend to its use in formal speeches and academic writing. You should be able to explain the difference between 'dukhi' and 'dukhito' in detail to a lower-level learner. You will also recognize the word in various poetic meters and understand how it contributes to the 'rasa' (emotional essence) of a poem. This level involves using the word with a high degree of precision and cultural awareness.
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At the C1 level, your use of 'দুঃখী' is sophisticated and contextually rich. You can use it to analyze complex emotional states in psychological or literary discussions. You will understand the etymological roots of the word and how it has evolved in Bengali literature from the medieval period to the modern era. You can use 'dukhi' to describe existential angst or the profound sorrow found in tragic masterpieces. You will also be able to use the word in highly formal or archaic contexts, recognizing its variations in different dialects of Bengali. At this level, you can appreciate the subtle irony or sarcasm when 'dukhi' is used in satirical writing. Your vocabulary will include a wide range of synonyms, and you will know exactly when to choose 'dukhi' over 'malin' (pale/sad), 'mriman' (depressed), or 'shokarto' (grief-stricken). You can write essays or give presentations on themes of suffering in society using 'dukhi' as a central concept. Your mastery of the word allows you to use it creatively in your own writing, evoking specific emotional responses from your audience.
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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'দুঃখী' and its various connotations. You can use the word in any register, from the most colloquial street slang to the highest academic discourse. You are familiar with every nuance of the word as used in the vast body of Bengali literature, including rare and poetic uses. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of 'dukha' in Indian philosophy and how it relates to being 'dukhi'. Your understanding of the word is deeply intertwined with your understanding of Bengali history and culture. You can use 'dukhi' to express subtle shades of empathy, pity, or shared sorrow in a way that is perfectly tuned to the social context. You are also able to play with the word in puns, double meanings, and complex metaphors. For a C2 learner, 'dukhi' is not just a word for 'sad'; it is a versatile tool for exploring the depths of human experience in the Bengali language. You can interpret and translate works of literature that use this word, capturing all its emotional and cultural baggage accurately.
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أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

দুঃখী في 30 ثانية

  • Dukhi means 'sad' or 'unhappy' and describes a person's emotional state.
  • It is an adjective derived from 'dukha', meaning sadness or pain.
  • Unlike 'dukhito' (sorry), 'dukhi' is only used for the state of being sad.
  • In Bengali sentences, the verb 'to be' is often omitted with this word.

The Bengali word দুঃখী (Dukhi) is a primary adjective used to describe a state of sadness, unhappiness, or sorrow. Derived from the Sanskrit root 'Dukha' (suffering/pain) with the suffix 'i' denoting a possessor, it literally translates to 'one who possesses sadness.' In everyday Bengali, it is the standard way to describe a person who is currently feeling down or someone whose general life condition is unfortunate. While English often uses 'sad' for both a temporary mood and a long-term state, দুঃখী carries a slightly heavier weight, often implying a deeper or more persistent state of unhappiness compared to the colloquial 'mon kharap' (bad mood).

Emotional State
It describes a person who is unhappy due to emotional pain, loss, or disappointment. For example, 'সে তার বিড়ালের জন্য দুঃখী' (He is sad for his cat).
Socio-economic Status
In literature and formal speech, it can refer to the 'poor' or 'destitute' (those who live a life of suffering). 'দুঃখী মানুষ' often implies a person struggling with poverty.

তার মুখ দেখে মনে হচ্ছে সে আজ খুব দুঃখী। (Looking at his face, it seems he is very sad today.)

When using this word, it is important to distinguish it from 'Dukhito' (দুঃখিত). While 'Dukhi' describes the person's state, 'Dukhito' is specifically used to mean 'sorry' or 'regretful.' If you break a glass, you say 'Ami dukhito' (I am sorry), not 'Ami dukhi' (I am a sad person). This distinction is a common hurdle for English speakers who use the word 'sad' or 'sorry' interchangeably in certain contexts. In Bengali culture, expressing sadness is often done through metaphors involving the heart (mon) or soul (pran), but দুঃখী remains the most direct, literal adjective available.

একজন দুঃখী মানুষের গল্প শোনা খুব কঠিন। (It is very hard to listen to the story of a sad person.)

Furthermore, the word is used in various philosophical contexts. In Buddhist or Hindu philosophy, the realization that the world is full of suffering often uses the root word 'Dukha.' Therefore, being দুঃখী isn't just a mood; in a higher register, it can describe the human condition itself. However, for a beginner (A1 level), you will mostly encounter it in simple sentences describing people or animals. It is a versatile word that fits into both formal writing and casual conversation, though casual speech often favors descriptive phrases over this specific adjective.

Using দুঃখী (Dukhi) in a sentence follows the standard Bengali sentence structure: Subject + Object + Verb. However, in the present tense, the verb 'to be' (is/am/are) is frequently omitted when using adjectives to describe a subject. This is a key feature for learners to master. For instance, to say 'I am sad,' you simply say 'আমি দুঃখী' (Ami dukhi), without needing a Bengali equivalent of 'am' in the middle.

Direct Description
Subject + Adjective. Example: 'ছেলেটি দুঃখী' (The boy [is] sad).
Attributive Use
Adjective + Noun. Example: 'সে একজন দুঃখী মানুষ' (He is a sad person).

তুমি কেন এত দুঃখী? (Why are you so sad?)

When you want to express that someone *became* sad, you pair it with the verb 'হওয়া' (howa - to be/become). For example, 'সংবাদটি শুনে সে দুঃখী হলো' (Hearing the news, he became sad). This shows the transition of state. It is also common to intensify the adjective using 'খুব' (khub - very) or 'ভীষণ' (bhishon - extremely). In negative sentences, you add 'না' (na) after the adjective: 'আমি দুঃখী নই' (I am not sad).

মা খুব দুঃখী ছিলেন। (Mother was very sad.)

In more complex sentences, 'দুঃখী' can be used to compare emotional states. 'সে আমার চেয়ে বেশি দুঃখী' (He is sadder than me). Here, 'চেয়ে' (cheye) acts as the comparative marker. Understanding the placement of 'দুঃখী' helps in building descriptive narratives. Whether you are writing a letter to a friend or describing a character in a Bengali essay, this word provides the foundational vocabulary for emotional expression. Remember to keep the focus on the person being described, as 'দুঃখী' is an adjective for the sentient being, not the situation itself (for situations, you would use 'দুঃখজনক' - dukh-jonok).

You will encounter দুঃখী (Dukhi) across a wide spectrum of Bengali media and daily life. It is particularly prevalent in Bengali literature and music, which are known for their deep emotional and often melancholic themes. In the songs of Rabindranath Tagore (Rabindra Sangeet) or Kazi Nazrul Islam, the word appears frequently to describe the longing of the soul or the plight of the marginalized. If you watch a Bengali drama (natok) or a movie, a character might be described as 'dukhi' to establish their backstory of hardship.

In Literature
Classic novels often use this to describe protagonists facing tragedy. It evokes empathy from the reader.
In News and Documentaries
Journalists use it to describe victims of natural disasters or social injustice. 'দুঃখী পরিবার' (A sad/afflicted family) is a common phrase in reports.

গল্পের নায়কটি ছিল চিরকালই দুঃখী। (The hero of the story was forever sad.)

In casual conversation, while 'mon kharap' is more common for 'I'm feeling sad today,' 'দুঃখী' is used when talking about someone's personality or a significant life event. For example, if someone loses a loved one, neighbors might say, 'ওরা খুব দুঃখী' (They are very sad/unhappy). It is also found in many Bengali proverbs and folk tales, where the 'dukhi' character often finds redemption or luck at the end. Listening to Bengali podcasts or radio shows, you'll hear it used in discussions about mental health, though modern speakers might also use the English loanword 'depressed' or the Bengali 'bishonno' (depressed/gloomy).

সে তার জীবন নিয়ে খুব দুঃখী। (He is very unhappy with his life.)

If you are traveling in West Bengal (India) or Bangladesh, you might hear this word in public service announcements or charity appeals, where 'দুঃখী মানুষের পাশে দাঁড়ান' (Stand beside the sad/poor people) is a common slogan. This highlights the word's dual meaning of emotional sadness and social suffering. Understanding this range of usage is vital for a learner to grasp the cultural nuances of Bengali empathy and social structure.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers learning Bengali is confusing দুঃখী (Dukhi) with দুঃখিত (Dukhito). In English, 'I am sad' and 'I am sorry' are distinct, but because 'sorry' involves a feeling of sadness or regret, learners often mix them up. Remember: Dukhi is a state of being (I am a sad person), while Dukhito is a reaction to an event (I am sorry about what happened). Saying 'Ami dukhi' when you mean 'I'm sorry' will make people think you are suffering from a deep personal tragedy rather than apologizing for a mistake.

Mistake 1: Dukhi vs. Dukhito
Saying 'আমি দুঃখী' (I am sad) instead of 'আমি দুঃখিত' (I am sorry) after bumping into someone.
Mistake 2: Overusing it for minor moods
Using 'dukhi' for a temporary bad mood. For 'I'm just a bit down today,' 'মন খারাপ' (mon kharap) is much more natural.

Incorrect: দেরি করার জন্য আমি দুঃখী। (Wrong usage for 'sorry')
Correct: দেরি করার জন্য আমি দুঃখিত।

Another common error involves word order and the use of the 'to be' verb. English speakers often try to translate 'I am sad' as 'আমি হই দুঃখী' (Ami hoi dukhi). While 'hoi' is a form of 'to be,' it is almost never used in this context in Bengali. The copula is implied. Simply 'আমি দুঃখী' is the correct and natural way. Furthermore, learners sometimes use 'দুঃখী' to describe a situation, like 'a sad movie.' In Bengali, you should use 'দুঃখের সিনেমা' (dukher cinema - movie of sadness) or 'দুঃখজনক' (dukh-jonok - saddening). 'দুঃখী' is strictly for people or living beings that can feel the emotion.

সে একটি দুঃখী জীবন কাটাচ্ছে। (He is leading a sad life - Correct usage of the adjective modifying life/existence).

Finally, watch out for pronunciation. The 'kh' in 'dukhi' is a breathy, aspirated sound (like the 'kh' in 'Khan' but softer), and the 'u' is short. Mispronouncing it as 'duki' or 'dookhi' with a long 'oo' can make it hard for native speakers to understand. Practice the aspiration to ensure you sound natural.

Bengali is rich in emotional vocabulary. While দুঃখী (Dukhi) is the most direct term for 'sad,' several alternatives exist depending on the intensity and context. Understanding these helps you sound more like a native speaker and express more nuanced feelings. The most common alternative for daily life is 'মন খারাপ' (mon kharap), which literally means 'bad mind/heart' and is used for any level of sadness, from missing a bus to feeling lonely.

মন খারাপ (Mon Kharap)
Colloquial and very common. Used for temporary sadness. 'আমার মন খারাপ' (I'm feeling sad/upset).
বিষণ্ণ (Bishonno)
More formal/literary. Translates to 'melancholic' or 'depressed.' It implies a deeper, darker gloom.
উদাস (Udas)
Refers to a state of indifference or being 'lost in thought' due to sadness or detachment.

বৃষ্টির দিনে সে খুব বিষণ্ণ থাকে। (On rainy days, he remains very melancholic.)

Another word is 'কষ্ট' (Koshto), which means 'pain' or 'trouble.' You can say 'আমার খুব কষ্ট হচ্ছে' (I am feeling a lot of pain/sadness). This is often used when the sadness is caused by a specific hardship or physical pain. For higher levels of Bengali (B2-C1), you might encounter 'কাতর' (Kator), which means 'distressed' or 'anguished.' Choosing the right word depends on whether you want to describe a person's character (Dukhi), their current mood (Mon kharap), or a deep, poetic sorrow (Bishonno).

সে খুব কষ্টে আছে। (He is in a lot of pain/trouble.)

When talking to children, you might use 'মনটা ভারি' (heavy heart) to describe sadness. Conversely, the opposite of 'dukhi' is 'sukhi' (happy), and 'mon kharap' is 'mon bhalo' (good mood). Learning these pairs helps solidify your vocabulary. In formal settings, 'দুঃখিত' is always preferred for apologies, while 'দুঃখী' is reserved for descriptions of suffering. By mastering these synonyms, you will be able to navigate social situations in Bengal with greater sensitivity and accuracy.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

"তিনি অত্যন্ত দুঃখী জীবন অতিবাহিত করছেন।"

محايد

"সে তার বিড়ালের জন্য দুঃখী।"

غير رسمي

"মনটা আজ খুব দুঃখী দুঃখী লাগছে।"

Child friendly

"ছোট্ট পাখিটি খুব দুঃখী।"

عامية

"বেচারা একদম দুঃখী হয়ে গেল।"

حقيقة ممتعة

In ancient texts, 'Dukha' was often compared to a wheel that doesn't fit its axle properly, creating a bumpy and 'unhappy' ride. The suffix 'i' in Bengali turns the noun into a person who has that quality.

دليل النطق

UK /d̪ukʰi/
US /d̪ukʰi/
The stress is on the first syllable 'Duk-'.
يتقافى مع
সুখী (Sukhi) মুখী (Mukhi) চৌকি (Chouki) পাখি (Pakhi) রাখি (Rakhi) সাথী (Sathi) হাঁচি (Hachi) মাছি (Machi)
أخطاء شائعة
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a plain 'k' (Duki).
  • Pronouncing 'd' as an alveolar 'd' (like in 'dog') instead of dental.
  • Making the 'u' sound too long (Dookhi).
  • Failing to aspirate the 'kh' sound.
  • Misplacing the stress on the 'i' sound.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 1/5

Easy to recognize in text as it is a short, common word.

الكتابة 2/5

Requires remembering the 'u' vowel and the 'kh' consonant.

التحدث 2/5

Aspiration of 'kh' needs practice for native-like sound.

الاستماع 1/5

Very distinct sound, easy to pick up in conversation.

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أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

আমি দুঃখী।

I am sad.

No verb 'to be' is used here.

2

সে খুব দুঃখী।

He/She is very sad.

'Khub' means 'very'.

3

তুমি কি দুঃখী?

Are you sad?

'Ki' is used for yes/no questions.

4

তারা দুঃখী নয়।

They are not sad.

'Noy' is the negative form of 'is/am/are'.

5

বাবা আজ দুঃখী।

Father is sad today.

'Aj' means 'today'.

6

বিড়ালটি দুঃখী।

The cat is sad.

Animals can also be 'dukhi'.

7

আমি দুঃখী নই, আমি সুখী।

I am not sad, I am happy.

Contrasting two adjectives.

8

কেন তুমি দুঃখী?

Why are you sad?

'Keno' means 'why'.

1

সে তার খেলনা হারিয়ে দুঃখী হলো।

He became sad after losing his toy.

'Holo' means 'became'.

2

বৃষ্টির দিনে আমি একটু দুঃখী থাকি।

On rainy days, I stay a little sad.

'Thaki' implies a habitual state.

3

আমার বন্ধু খুব দুঃখী কারণ সে পরীক্ষায় ফেল করেছে।

My friend is very sad because he failed the exam.

'Karun' means 'because'.

4

তুমি কি সংবাদটি শুনে দুঃখী হয়েছ?

Are you sad after hearing the news?

Present perfect tense of 'howa'.

5

সে একজন দুঃখী মানুষ।

He is a sad man.

Attributive use of the adjective.

6

আমরা দুঃখী ছিলাম না।

We were not sad.

Past tense negation.

7

মা দুঃখী হয়ে কেঁদে ফেললেন।

Mother became sad and burst into tears.

Compound verb 'kede phellen'.

8

দুঃখী মানুষের সাহায্য করা ভালো।

It is good to help sad/poor people.

Using the adjective as a noun phrase.

1

যে মেয়েটি ওখানে বসে আছে, সে খুব দুঃখী।

The girl who is sitting there is very sad.

Relative clause structure.

2

সে তার বাবার মৃত্যুর পর থেকে অনেক বেশি দুঃখী হয়ে গেছে।

He has become much more sad since his father's death.

Use of 'theke' for 'since'.

3

আমি চাই না তুমি আমার জন্য দুঃখী হও।

I don't want you to be sad for me.

Subjunctive-like use of 'hou'.

4

তার জীবনের গল্প শুনলে যে কেউ দুঃখী হবে।

Anyone will become sad if they hear his life story.

Conditional 'shunle'.

5

সে তার বন্ধুদের মধ্যে সবচেয়ে বেশি দুঃখী।

He is the saddest among his friends.

Superlative comparison.

6

তুমি কি মনে করো সে সত্যিই দুঃখী?

Do you think he is truly sad?

Embedded question.

7

দুঃখী হওয়া সত্ত্বেও সে হাসার চেষ্টা করে।

Despite being sad, he tries to smile.

'Shotteo' means 'despite'.

8

তার চেহারা দেখে মনে হচ্ছে সে মনে মনে খুব দুঃখী।

Looking at his face, it seems he is very sad inside.

'Mone mone' means 'inwardly'.

1

উপন্যাসের নায়কটি ছিল এক দুঃখী ও নিঃসঙ্গ চরিত্র।

The protagonist of the novel was a sad and lonely character.

Literary description.

2

দুঃখী মানুষের আর্তনাদ সমাজে কেউ শোনে না।

No one in society hears the cries of the sad/oppressed people.

Social commentary context.

3

সে তার ব্যর্থতার জন্য নিজেকে দুঃখী মনে করে।

He considers himself sad/unfortunate because of his failure.

Reflexive 'nijeke'.

4

সংসারে অনেক দুঃখী মানুষ আছে যাদের আমাদের সাহায্য প্রয়োজন।

There are many sad/suffering people in the world who need our help.

Complex relative sentence.

5

কবিতাটি পড়লে মন দুঃখী হয়ে ওঠে।

The heart becomes sad upon reading the poem.

Compound verb 'hoye othe'.

6

তার দুঃখী চোখের চাহনি ভোলার মতো নয়।

The look in his sad eyes is not something to be forgotten.

Adjective modifying 'eyes'.

7

সে কোনো কারণ ছাড়াই মাঝেমধ্যে দুঃখী থাকে।

Sometimes he remains sad without any reason.

'Karon charai' means 'without reason'.

8

একজন সত্যিকারের দুঃখী মানুষ কখনো তার দুঃখ প্রকাশ করে না।

A truly sad person never expresses their sadness.

Philosophical statement.

1

রবীন্দ্রনাথের অনেক ছোটগল্পে দুঃখী ও উপেক্ষিত চরিত্রের বর্ণনা পাওয়া যায়।

In many of Rabindranath's short stories, descriptions of sad and neglected characters are found.

Academic literary analysis.

2

তার কণ্ঠস্বরে একটি দুঃখী সুর সবসময় মিশে থাকে।

A sad tone is always blended into his voice.

Metaphorical use for voice.

3

সমাজ যখন ব্যক্তিকে কোণঠাসা করে, তখন সে দুঃখী হয়ে পড়ে।

When society corners an individual, they become sad/dejected.

Conditional 'jokhon...tokhon'.

4

এই দুঃখী পৃথিবীতে সুখ যেন এক মরীচিকা।

In this sad world, happiness is like a mirage.

Poetic/Philosophical comparison.

5

সে তার অন্তরের গভীরতম প্রদেশে নিজেকে অত্যন্ত দুঃখী অনুভব করে।

He feels himself to be extremely sad in the deepest regions of his soul.

Advanced vocabulary (antor, prodesh).

6

দুঃখী মানুষের প্রতি মমতা দেখানোই প্রকৃত মনুষ্যত্ব।

Showing compassion toward sad/suffering people is true humanity.

Abstract noun 'monushyotto'.

7

নাটকটির সমাপ্তি দর্শকদের দুঃখী করে তুলেছিল।

The ending of the play had made the audience sad.

Causative-like construction.

8

সে এক দুঃখী কবির মতো উদাস হয়ে বসে থাকে।

He sits indifferently like a sad poet.

Simile use.

1

অস্তিত্ববাদের আলোকে বিচার করলে দেখা যায় যে মানুষ মূলত এক দুঃখী জীব।

Judging in the light of existentialism, it is seen that man is essentially a sad being.

High-level academic structure.

2

তার দুঃখী জীবনের আখ্যান এক মহাকাব্যিক ট্র্যাজেডির সমতুল্য।

The narrative of his sad life is equivalent to an epic tragedy.

Advanced literary vocabulary (akhyan, somotullo).

3

যুগ যুগ ধরে দুঃখী মানুষের বঞ্চনার ইতিহাস অলিখিতই রয়ে গেছে।

The history of the deprivation of sad/oppressed people has remained unwritten for ages.

Historical/Sociological context.

4

সে তার দুঃখী সত্তাকে শিল্পের মাধ্যমে প্রকাশ করার চেষ্টা করে।

He tries to express his sad self through art.

Abstract concept 'sotta'.

5

এই বৈষম্যমূলক সমাজব্যবস্থা অসংখ্য মানুষকে দুঃখী করে রেখেছে।

This discriminatory social system has kept countless people sad/suffering.

Complex participle 'kore rekheche'.

6

তার হাসির আড়ালে যে এক দুঃখী মানুষ লুকিয়ে আছে, তা কেউ জানে না।

No one knows that a sad person is hidden behind his smile.

Metaphorical 'arale'.

7

জীবনানন্দ দাসের কবিতায় এক ধরনের ধূসর ও দুঃখী চেতনার প্রতিফলন ঘটে।

A kind of gray and sad consciousness is reflected in Jibanananda Das's poetry.

Literary criticism.

8

প্রকৃতির এই রুক্ষ রূপ দেখে মন এক অনির্বচনীয়ভাবে দুঃখী হয়ে ওঠে।

Seeing this harsh form of nature, the mind becomes sad in an inexpressible way.

Advanced adverb 'onirbochoniyobhabe'.

تلازمات شائعة

খুব দুঃখী
দুঃখী মানুষ
দুঃখী জীবন
দুঃখী চেহারা
দুঃখী মন
দুঃখী পরিবার
অত্যন্ত দুঃখী
চিরকাল দুঃখী
মনে মনে দুঃখী
দুঃখী চোখ

العبارات الشائعة

আমি দুঃখী

দুঃখী হওয়া

কাউকে দুঃখী করা

দুঃখী মনে

দুঃখী মানুষের পাশে দাঁড়ানো

দুঃখী কাহিনী

দুঃখী আত্মা

দুঃখী দিন

দুঃখী জীবন কাটানো

দুঃখী হওয়া স্বাভাবিক

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"দুঃখের সাগর"

An ocean of sadness. Used to describe extreme sorrow.

সে এখন দুঃখের সাগরে ভাসছে।

Literary

"বুকের ভেতর চাপা দুঃখ"

Hidden sadness inside the chest/heart.

তার বুকের ভেতর অনেক চাপা দুঃখ আছে।

Common

"চোখের জল ফেলা"

To shed tears (often due to being dukhi).

সে দুঃখী হয়ে চোখের জল ফেলছে।

Neutral

"পাথরের মতো দুঃখ"

Sadness as heavy as a stone.

তার মনে পাথরের মতো দুঃখ জমে আছে।

Literary

"পোড়া কপাল"

Burnt forehead (meaning bad luck/unfortunate). Often used by dukhi people.

আমার মতো পোড়া কপাল আর কার আছে?

Informal

"হাহাকার করা"

To wail or cry out in deep sorrow.

দুঃখী মানুষের হাহাকার বাতাসে ভাসছে।

Literary

"মন মরা"

Dead heart (feeling very dejected or listless).

সে আজ মন মরা হয়ে বসে আছে।

Informal

"বুক ফেটে যাওয়া"

Heart bursting (with sorrow).

দুঃখে তার বুক ফেটে যাচ্ছে।

Common

"আকাশ ভেঙে পড়া"

The sky falling down (a sudden great tragedy).

খবরটা শুনে তার মাথায় আকাশ ভেঙে পড়ল।

Common

"চোখে সর্ষে ফুল দেখা"

To see mustard flowers in eyes (to be dazed by trouble/sadness).

বিপদে পড়ে সে চোখে সর্ষে ফুল দেখছে।

Informal

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

الأفعال

الصفات

مرتبط

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Dukhi' as someone who is 'Down' (starts with D) and has a 'Key' (sounds like 'khi') to a room full of sadness.

ربط بصري

Imagine a person sitting under a small rain cloud while everyone else is in the sun. That person is 'Dukhi'.

Word Web

Sad Unhappy Sorrow Suffering Poor Dukho Sukhi Mon Kharap

تحدٍّ

Try to describe three things that make you feel 'dukhi' using simple Bengali sentences.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from the Sanskrit word 'duḥkhin' (दुःखिन्), which means 'sorrowful' or 'suffering'. The root is 'duḥkha' (दुःख), meaning pain or unease.

المعنى الأصلي: One who possesses or is characterized by suffering or pain.

Indo-Aryan -> Bengali.

السياق الثقافي

Avoid calling someone 'dukhi' directly as a label, as it can sound patronizing.

English speakers might use 'sad' lightly, but 'dukhi' often sounds more profound in Bengali.

Rabindranath Tagore's poems often explore the 'dukhi' heart. The character 'Apu' in Satyajit Ray's Apu Trilogy is a classic example of a 'dukhi' but resilient figure. The song 'Dukho Amar Basor Raate' is a famous Bengali song about sadness.
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