الحديث عن الأفعال المستمرة (المضارع التام المستمر)
Present Perfect Continuous connects past actions to current reality, revealing duration and impact.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about actions that started in the past and are still happening right now, focusing on the duration.
- Use 'have/has been' + '-ing' for ongoing actions like 'I have been waiting'.
- Focus on 'how long' something has been happening using 'for' or 'since'.
- Use it for recent actions that have a visible result now, like being sweaty from running.
نظرة عامة
have/has been) يربطه بالماضي، بينما الجزء «المستمر» (continuous) (-ing) يشير إلى أن الفعل كان قيد التنفيذ.have/has تشير إلى صلة الفعل بالحاضر. been، وهي صيغة اسم المفعول من الفعل to be، تدل على حالة الاستمرار. الفعل الرئيسي بصيغة اسم الفاعل (المضاف له -ing) هو الذي يمثل الفعل المستمر نفسه.I have been learning German for three years (أنا أتعلم الألمانية منذ ثلاث سنوات) تؤكد على الجهد المستمر والتعلّم المتواصل، مما يعني أن عملية التعلّم لا تزال نشطة.to have، والاسم المفعول الثابت been، ثم الفعل الرئيسي في صيغة اسم الفاعل (المضاف له -ing).Subject + have/has + been + Main Verb + -ing- Subject (الفاعل): الاسم أو الضمير الذي يقوم بالفعل (مثال:
I,you,he,Sarah). haveأوhas: هذا الفعل المساعد يربط الجملة بالحاضر. نستخدمhasمع ضمائر الغائب المفرد (he,she,it)؛ ونستخدمhaveمع جميع الضمائر الأخرى (I,you,we,they). مثال:He has been waiting(هو كان ينتظر) مقابلThey have been waiting(هم كانوا ينتظرون).been: هذا هو اسم المفعول للفعلto be. إنه جزء أساسي ودائمًا يأتي قبل الفعل الرئيسي، لتكوين صيغة المضارع التام المستمر. حذفه يؤدي إلى خطأ نحوي.- Main Verb +
-ing: اسم الفاعل للفعل الرئيسي (مثال:walkتصبحwalking). هذه الصيغة المضافة لها-ingتشير إلى الطبيعة المستمرة للفعل.
- 1Subject:
We(نحن) - 2
have/has:have - 3
been:been - 4Main Verb +
-ing:discussing(من الفعلdiscuss- يناقش)
We have been discussing the project. (كنا نناقش المشروع).for (للتعبير عن المدة) و since (للتعبير عن نقطة البداية).I have been studying for three hours (أنا أدرس منذ ثلاث ساعات) تشير إلى استمرار الدراسة لمدة ثلاث ساعات متواصلة حتى الآن. وجملة She has been working here since January (هي تعمل هنا منذ يناير) تعني أن عملها مستمر بدأ من شهر يناير.Have you been sleeping well? (هل كنت تنام جيدًا؟).It has been raining. (لقد كانت تمطر). قد يكون المطر قد توقف، لكن نتيجته (الشارع المبلل) فورية.I have been living in temporary accommodation (أنا أعيش في سكن مؤقت) توحي بترتيب عابر، على عكس I have lived in this city for ten years (لقد عشت في هذه المدينة لمدة عشر سنوات)، والتي تشير إلى استقرار.How long (كم من الوقت). سؤال مثل How long have you been learning English? (كم من الوقت وأنت تتعلم الإنجليزية؟) يستفسر عن مدة عملية التعلم. الإجابة، I've been learning English for five years (أنا أتعلم الإنجليزية منذ خمس سنوات)، تجيب مباشرة عن الاستمرارية عبر الزمن.know (يعرف)، believe (يصدق)، understand (يفهم)، love (يحب)، have (للملكية)، be (يكون)، seem (يبدو). بما أن هذه الأفعال تصف بطبيعتها حالة قائمة، فهي لا تأخذ عادةً الصيغ المستمرة. خطأ شائع: I have been knowing him for years (أنا أعرفه منذ سنوات)؛ الصحيح هو: I have known him for years (باستخدام المضارع التام البسيط).I have written three reports this morning (لقد كتبت ثلاثة تقارير هذا الصباح) تشير إلى الكمية المنجزة.I have been writing three reports this morning سيكون غير طبيعي لغويًا، لأنه يوحي بعملية كتابة ثلاثة تقارير في نفس الوقت. الصيغة البسيطة تركز على الإنجاز؛ الصيغة المستمرة تركز على النشاط.I watched a movie last night (شاهدت فيلمًا الليلة الماضية) تصف بشكل صحيح حدثًا ماضيًا مكتملًا.I have been watching a movie last night غير صحيح لأن last night تحدد وقتًا ماضيًا منتهيًا، مما يلغي أي صلة بالحاضر المستمر. الجانب المستمر يتطلب ارتباطًا بالحاضر.He studies English every day (هو يدرس الإنجليزية كل يوم) (مضارع بسيط) تصف روتينًا، وليس He has been studying English every day، والتي قد توحي بفترة مستمرة وغير منقطعة حتى الآن، وغالبًا مع طبيعة مؤقتة ضمنية.I have been painting my room (أنا أدهن غرفتي) (توحي بنشاط مستمر) تختلف عن I have painted my room (لقد دهنت غرفتي) (توحي بحالة منتهية). سوء فهم هذا الاختلاف الأساسي يؤدي إلى تواصل غير دقيق.know (يعرف)، understand (يفهم)، believe (يصدق)، have (للملكية)، و be (يكون) تصف حالات بدلاً من أفعال ديناميكية. محاولة استخدامها في المضارع التام المستمر، مثل She has been knowing him for five years (هي تعرفه منذ خمس سنوات)، غير صحيحة نحويًا.She has known him for five years (بالمضارع التام البسيط). ينشأ هذا الخطأ من تطبيق قاعدة الاستمرارية عالميًا دون الاعتراف بفئة أفعال الحالة المحددة.has و have، هو زلة متكررة. نسيان أن has مخصصة حصريًا لضمائر الغائب المفرد (he, she, it) بينما يُستخدم have لجميع الضمائر الأخرى هو مشكلة أساسية ولكنها مستمرة. قول He have been studying بدلاً من He has been studying يظهر نقصًا في توافق الفاعل مع الفعل المساعد.been من التركيب هو إغفال شائع. كلمة been لا غنى عنها لتكوين المضارع التام المستمر. عبارات مثل I have working hard (أنا أعمل بجد) غير مكتملة وغير صحيحة نحويًا؛ الشكل الصحيح هو I have been working hard.been يخلق بنية تشبه المضارع التام البسيط أو زمنًا آخر تمامًا، مما يشوه المعنى المقصود للفعل المستمر حتى الحاضر. هذه الكلمة الصغيرة تحمل وزنًا نحويًا كبيرًا.I have been reading for two hours. (كنت أقرأ لمدة ساعتين - وما زلت أقرأ أو توقفت للتو). | I have read two books this week. (قرأت كتابين هذا الأسبوع - تم الإنجاز). | I read a book yesterday. (قرأت كتابًا بالأمس - حدث منتهي في الماضي). |for, since, all day, how long | for, since, ever, never, already, yet, this week/month | yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 1990 |I have known him. وليس I have been knowing him.) | مستخدمة بشكل شائع. (مثال: She has lived here for ten years.) | مستخدمة. (مثال: She lived here for ten years.) |- المضارع المستمر (
am/is/are + -ing): يصف فعلًا يحدث الآن في لحظة التحدث، أو حول هذه اللحظة. التركيز على الحاضر الفوري. مثال:I am studying now.(أنا أدرس الآن). - المضارع التام المستمر (
have/has + been + -ing): يصف فعلًا بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرًا حتى الحاضر، مع التركيز على المدة أو الاستمرارية. مثال:I have been studying for three hours.(أنا أدرس منذ ثلاث ساعات).
He is playing football.(هو يلعب كرة القدم الآن - في هذه اللحظة).He has been playing football for two hours.(هو يلعب كرة القدم منذ ساعتين - بدأ قبل ساعتين وما زال يلعب أو توقف للتو).
I have worked و I have been working؟I have worked (المضارع التام البسيط) يركز على أن العمل قد اكتمل أو على حقيقة القيام بالعمل كتجربة (مثال: I have worked on many projects. - لدي خبرة في العمل على مشاريع كثيرة). أما I have been working (المضارع التام المستمر) فيركز على مدة العمل واستمراريته حتى الحاضر (مثال: I have been working on this project for three months. - أعمل على هذا المشروع منذ ثلاثة أشهر، والعمل مستمر).for و since مع هذا الزمن فقط؟for و since أيضًا مع المضارع التام البسيط (Present Perfect Simple) لوصف مدة استمرت حتى الحاضر، خاصة مع أفعال الحالة أو عندما يكون التركيز على الحالة بدلاً من النشاط المستمر. مثال: I have known him for ten years. (أعرفه منذ عشر سنوات). لكن، عندما نريد التأكيد على استمرارية النشاط، فإن المضارع التام المستمر هو الخيار الأفضل والأكثر شيوعًا.They have been living here for ten years. (هم يعيشون هنا منذ عشر سنوات - مع التأكيد على أنهم ما زالوا يعيشون).not بعد الفعل المساعد الأول (have أو has). مثال: She has not (hasn't) been feeling well. (هي لم تكن تشعر بتحسن). الأسئلة: نعكس موضع الفاعل والفعل المساعد الأول (have أو has). مثال: Have you been waiting long? (هل كنت تنتظر طويلاً؟).-ing). أما الجزء «التام» (perfect)، المشتق من have/has، فيربط نقطة بداية النهر في الماضي باللحظة الحالية، تمامًا كما يرسم مخطط تاريخي مسار النهر بأكمله.-ing تعزز هذا الإحساس بالحركة أو النشاط المتواصل. لذلك، كلما احتجت للتحدث عن فعل كان قيد التنفيذ خلال فترة زمنية، يربط الماضي بالحاضر، فكر في هذا النهر المتدفق بلا انقطاع من النشاط. إذا بدأت في بناء قلعة رملية (في الماضي) وما زلت تعمل عليها الآن، فهذا هو الزمن المناسب لوصف ذلك.Conjugating the Present Perfect Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary (Have/Has) | Been | Verb (-ing) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
I have been working.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
You have been working.
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
been
|
working
|
She has been working.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
We have been working.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
They have been working.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
You have been
|
You've been
|
You haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
She has been
|
She's been
|
She hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
We have been
|
We've been
|
We haven't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A verb tense used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment, or has just stopped but has a clear effect on the present.
Duration from Past to Present
Emphasizing how long an activity has been continuing.
“She has been working here since 2015.”
“They have been talking on the phone for over an hour.”
Recent Activity with Present Result
An action that recently stopped but we can see the results now.
“I'm tired because I've been running.”
“The ground is wet; it has been raining.”
Temporary Situations
Describing a situation that is happening lately but might not be permanent.
“I've been staying with my brother until I find a flat.”
“He's been eating a lot of junk food recently.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
S + have/has + been + V-ing
|
I have been studying.
|
|
Negative
|
S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
|
She hasn't been sleeping.
|
|
Question
|
Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?
|
Have you been waiting?
|
|
Short Answer (+)
|
Yes, S + have/has.
|
Yes, I have.
|
|
Short Answer (-)
|
No, S + haven't/hasn't.
|
No, she hasn't.
|
|
Wh- Question
|
Wh- + have/has + S + been + V-ing?
|
What have they been doing?
|
طيف الرسمية
I apologize for the delay; I have been attending to an urgent matter. (Apologizing for lateness)
Sorry I'm late, I've been dealing with some stuff. (Apologizing for lateness)
Sorry! Been busy with some things. (Apologizing for lateness)
My bad, been tied up. (Apologizing for lateness)
Present Perfect Continuous Usage
Duration
- For For 2 hours
- Since Since 9 AM
Result
- Tired I've been running
- Wet It's been raining
Simple vs. Continuous
Choosing the Tense
Is the action ongoing?
Is it a stative verb?
Time Markers
Duration
- • for ages
- • for a while
- • all day
Starting Point
- • since Monday
- • since I was a kid
- • since breakfast
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I have been playing.
I have been playing.
She has been eating.
She has been eating.
We have been walking.
We have been walking.
They have been waiting.
They have been waiting.
I have been working for two hours.
I have been working for two hours.
He has been living here since May.
He has been living here since May.
Have you been waiting long?
Have you been waiting long?
It hasn't been raining today.
It hasn't been raining today.
I've been thinking about changing my job lately.
I've been thinking about changing my job lately.
Why are you so sweaty? I've been gardening.
Why are you so sweaty? I've been gardening.
They've been arguing all morning.
They've been arguing all morning.
She's been feeling a bit under the weather recently.
She's been feeling a bit under the weather recently.
I've been trying to reach you for days, but your phone was off.
I've been trying to reach you for days, but your phone was off.
The company has been struggling to meet its targets this quarter.
The company has been struggling to meet its targets this quarter.
He's been working out a lot; you can really see the difference.
He's been working out a lot; you can really see the difference.
We've been considering moving to the countryside for some time now.
We've been considering moving to the countryside for some time now.
I've been meaning to catch up with you regarding the project's progress.
I've been meaning to catch up with you regarding the project's progress.
The researchers have been conducting experiments to validate the hypothesis.
The researchers have been conducting experiments to validate the hypothesis.
She has been consistently outperforming her peers in every assessment.
She has been consistently outperforming her peers in every assessment.
The political climate has been shifting toward more populist ideologies.
The political climate has been shifting toward more populist ideologies.
The author has been painstakingly revising the manuscript for over a decade.
The author has been painstakingly revising the manuscript for over a decade.
Economists have been debating the long-term implications of this policy since its inception.
Economists have been debating the long-term implications of this policy since its inception.
The ecosystem has been undergoing subtle but irreversible changes due to global warming.
The ecosystem has been undergoing subtle but irreversible changes due to global warming.
I've been oscillating between accepting the offer and pursuing my own venture.
I've been oscillating between accepting the offer and pursuing my own venture.
سهل الخلط
Learners mix them up when talking about completed vs. uncompleted actions.
Learners use 'I am doing' for actions that started in the past.
Learners use the Present form when the action ended before another past action.
أخطاء شائعة
I am working here for 2 years.
I have been working here for 2 years.
I have working.
I have been working.
She has been work.
She has been working.
They have been been working.
They have been working.
He have been waiting.
He has been waiting.
I have been knowing him.
I have known him.
I've been here since two hours.
I've been here for two hours.
I have been broken the vase.
I have broken the vase.
How long are you waiting?
How long have you been waiting?
I've been being tired.
I've been tired.
I've been having this car for years.
I've had this car for years.
أنماط الجُمل
I have been ___ for ___.
She has been ___ since ___.
Have you been ___ lately?
I'm tired because I've been ___.
Real World Usage
I have been working in this industry for over a decade.
Sorry, I've been sleeping all afternoon!
I've been having these headaches for about a week.
We've been dreaming of this vacation for years!
I've been trying to log in, but the site keeps crashing.
It has been raining steadily across the region.
I've been looking forward to this date all week.
Scholars have been debating this theory for centuries.
The 'How Long' Rule
Stative Verb Trap
Visible Results
Politeness
Smart Tips
Automatically reach for the Present Perfect Continuous.
Use 'I've been [verb-ing]' to provide the reason.
You can use either Simple or Continuous, but Continuous sounds more like a current, active part of your life.
Use 'I've been meaning to...' to show you haven't forgotten.
النطق
The 'been' reduction
In natural speech, 'been' is often reduced to /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
The stress usually falls on the main verb, not on 'have' or 'been'.
Rising-Falling for statements
I've been ↗waiting for ↘hours.
Conveys a sense of duration or slight frustration.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Remember 'HBB': Have/Has + Been + -ing. Think of it as 'Have Been Busy' doing something.
ربط بصري
Imagine a long bridge connecting a 'Past' island to a 'Present' island. On the bridge, someone is walking (the action). The bridge is the 'been' part that holds the past and present together.
Rhyme
If the action's still in view, 'have been -ing' is for you!
Story
Bob started painting his house at 8 AM. It is now 2 PM and Bob is covered in paint. Bob says, 'I have been painting all day.' The paint on Bob is the result, and the time spent is the duration.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Look around you. Find one thing that has been happening for a while (e.g., the sun shining, a fan spinning). Say it out loud: 'The fan has been spinning for ten minutes.'
ملاحظات ثقافية
British speakers often use the Present Perfect Continuous more frequently than Americans in casual conversation to describe recent events.
Americans might sometimes substitute the Past Simple in contexts where a result is visible, though PPC is still standard for duration.
Australians frequently use the contraction 'I've been' followed by 'reckoning' to express a developing thought.
The 'have + been + -ing' construction developed in Middle English as a way to combine the perfect aspect (completion/result) with the progressive aspect (ongoing action).
بدايات محادثة
What have you been doing since we last met?
Have you been watching any good series on Netflix lately?
What projects have you been working on at your job recently?
How long have you been living in this city?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
I ___ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.
Why are your hands so dirty?
Find and fix the mistake:
She has been knowing him since they were children.
It started raining at 2 PM. It is still raining now.
A: You look exhausted! B: I ___ (study) all night.
Select the Present Perfect Simple sentence.
been / they / for / learning / have / years / English / five
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
Score: /8
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesI ___ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.
Why are your hands so dirty?
Find and fix the mistake:
She has been knowing him since they were children.
It started raining at 2 PM. It is still raining now.
A: You look exhausted! B: I ___ (study) all night.
Select the Present Perfect Simple sentence.
been / they / for / learning / have / years / English / five
Situation: The kitchen is a mess and there is flour everywhere.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWe ___ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.
My phone battery is low because I ___ (use) it heavily all day.
He has been owning that car for five years.
They have been building this bridge, and they finished it last week.
Which sentence properly uses the Present Perfect Continuous?
Select the best sentence:
Translate into English: 'Hemos estado aprendiendo alemán durante seis meses.'
Translate into English: '¿Qué has estado haciendo últimamente?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a question:
Match each subject with its corresponding 'have' or 'has' form:
Match the base verb with its '-ing' form:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Yes! They are the most common time markers. Use `for` for a period (for 3 hours) and `since` for a specific point (since 3 o'clock).
Often, there is very little difference. However, `I've worked` sounds more permanent, while `I've been working` sounds more temporary or emphasizes the effort.
Because `know` is a stative verb. Stative verbs describe states, not actions, so they don't usually take the -ing form.
In American English, it's usually `The team has been`. In British English, both `has been` and `have been` are acceptable.
Yes, if the result is still visible. For example, if you are out of breath, you say `I've been running` even if you have stopped.
Move 'have' or 'has' to the front: `Have you been studying?`
Very! It's much more common in speech than in formal writing because we often talk about our recent activities.
Just add 'not' after have/has: `I have not (haven't) been working.`
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de indicativo + desde hace
English requires the perfect aspect (have been) while Spanish uses the present.
Présent + depuis
French does not have a specific 'perfect continuous' construction for this meaning.
Präsens + seit
German lacks the continuous aspect entirely in its standard grammar.
~te iru (ている)
Japanese relies on context or time markers to show the action started in the past.
Ma zala (ما زال) + Present Verb
Arabic grammar structures the relationship between time and aspect differently, often using the active participle.
Yīzhí (一直) + Verb + le (了)
Chinese has no verb conjugation, so the 'have been -ing' structure is purely lexical.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
المضارع المستمر: أحداث تحدث الآن
Overview غالباً إنت بتقرأ الجملة دي دلوقتي. إنت مش نايم. ولا بتسوق طيارة. إنت ببساطة قاعد، وعينيك بتتحرك على الشاشة. ده...
المضارع التام في الإنجليزية: ربط الماضي بالحاضر (التكوين الأساسي)
Overview هل دخلت يوماً إلى غرفة ونسيت تماماً لماذا ذهبت إلى هناك؟ كلنا مررنا بهذا الموقف. هذا الشعور بأن هناك فعلاً في ا...
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المضارع التام: أمريكي مقابل بريطاني (I've done مقابل I did)
Overview هل شعرت يوماً أن كتاب اللغة الإنجليزية الخاص بك قد كذب عليك؟ تتعلم قاعدة في الفصل، ثم تسمع مدون فيديو من كاليف...
Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction (Turn On, Give Up, Look After)
## Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction A **phrasal verb** = verb + particle (up, on, off, out, in, away...) The combination...
تجارب الحياة: المضارع التام مع Ever و Never
### Overview في اللغة الإنجليزية، هناك طريقة مميزة جداً للحديث عن تجارب الحياة، وهي استخدام زمن المضارع التام (Present...
المستقبل المستمر (سيكون يفعل)
### Overview يُعد زمن المستقبل المستمر (Future Continuous) أداة لغوية بالغة الأهمية لمن يرغب في إضفاء الدقة والحيوية عل...
المضارع التام في الإنجليزية: ربط الماضي بالحاضر (التكوين الأساسي)
Overview هل دخلت يوماً إلى غرفة ونسيت تماماً لماذا ذهبت إلى هناك؟ كلنا مررنا بهذا الموقف. هذا الشعور بأن هناك فعلاً في ا...
