المضارع التام مع الأفعال الوصفية (لقد عرفت، لقد كانت)
Present Perfect.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use Present Perfect with state verbs to describe situations that started in the past and continue right now.
- Use 'have/has' + past participle for states like 'know' or 'be'. Example: 'I have been here since noon.'
- Never use the '-ing' form with state verbs in this context. Example: 'I have known him' NOT 'I have been knowing him'.
- Use 'for' for a period of time and 'since' for a specific starting point. Example: 'I've had this car for a month.'
نظرة عامة
Present Perfect (المضارع التام) مع ما يعرف بـ State Verbs (أفعال الحالة). هذا المفهوم قد يبدو مربكاً لنا نحن المتحدثين بالعربية، لأننا في لغتنا الجميلة نستخدم عادةً الفعل المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن شيء بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمراً.I know Khalid for ten years ستكون الجملة خاطئة قواعدياً.Present Perfect ليربط الماضي بالحاضر كالجسر تماماً. هذا الزمن يخبر المستمع أن هذه الحالة (المعرفة، الملكية، الشعور) ليست مجرد حدث عابر، بل هي واقع مستمر بدأ في نقطة ما في الماضي وصولاً إلى جلستكم الآن.Action Verbs (أفعال الحركة) و State Verbs (أفعال الحالة).- 1أفعال الحالة (State Verbs): هي أفعال تصف حالة ذهنية، شعوراً، ملكية، أو حواس. هي ليست أفعالاً نقوم بها بجهد بدني ملموس.
- أمثلة:
know(يعرف)،believe(يؤمن/يعتقد)،own(يملك)،be(يكون)،love(يحب)،understand(يفهم).
- 1لماذا هي مميزة؟ هذه الأفعال في الإنجليزية لا تقبل عادةً صيغة الاستمرار (
-ing). لا يمكننا قولI am knowing him. وبما أنها لا تقبل الاستمرار، فإننا نستخدمPresent Perfect Simpleلنعبر عن استمراريتها من الماضي إلى الحاضر.
Present Perfect مع فعل حالة، فإننا نؤكد على ديمومة الحالة.I have lived here since 2010 |I have known him (أنا عرفته/أعرفه)، فإنك تستخدم Past Participle (التصريف الثالث) للفعل know وهو known. هذا التركيب يعطي شعوراً بأن المعرفة بدأت في الماضي واستقرت واستمرت.Irregular Verbs) التي تكثر في أفعال الحالة.Subject + have/has + Past Participle (V3)- مع الضمائر
I, You, We, They: نستخدمhave(أو الاختصار've). - مثال:
We have had this car for ages.(نملك هذه السيارة منذ دهر - نستخدمhadكفعل أساسي بمعنى يملك). - مع الضمائر
He, She, It: نستخدمhas(أو الاختصار's). - مثال:
She has been a teacher since 2015.(هي معلمة منذ عام 2015).
Subject + have/has + not + Past Participle (V3)- مثال:
I haven't seen him since Friday.(لم أره منذ يوم الجمعة - حالة عدم الرؤية مستمرة من الجمعة إلى الآن). - مثال:
He hasn't been happy lately.(لم يكن سعيداً مؤخراً).
Have/Has + Subject + Past Participle (V3)?- مثال:
Have you known her for long?(هل تعرفها منذ مدة طويلة؟). - مثال:
Has he owned this shop since Ramadan?(هل يملك هذا المحل منذ رمضان؟).
have هنا فعل مساعد لا معنى له في الترجمة العربية، هو فقط يحدد «الزمن». لا تخلط بينه وبين have التي تعني «يملك». في جملة I have had الفعل المساعد هو الأول، والثاني هو فعل الحالة بمعنى يملك.- 1للتعبير عن مدة حالة مستمرة (Duration):
for للحديث عن طول الفترة الزمنية، و since للحديث عن نقطة البداية.I have lived in Riyadh for five years.(أعيش في الرياض منذ خمس سنوات).He has been in the hospital since Monday.(هو في المستشفى منذ يوم الاثنين).
- 1للحديث عن مشاعر أو معتقدات لم تتغير:
I have always believed in hard work.(لطالما آمنت بالعمل الجاد).She has loved coffee since she was a child.(لقد أحبت القهوة منذ أن كانت طفلة).
- 1لوصف الملكية المستمرة:
have, own, belong.They have owned this house for generations.(يملكون هذا المنزل منذ أجيال).This book has belonged to my family for years.(هذا الكتاب ينتمي لعائلتي منذ سنوات).
- 1للحديث عن حالات الوجود (Being):
to be (يكون) في تصريفه الثالث been.It has been very hot this week.(الجو حار جداً هذا الأسبوع - حالة الطقس بدأت واستمرت).We have been friends since school.(نحن أصدقاء منذ المدرسة).
- 1استخدام المضارع البسيط بدلاً من المضارع التام:
- خطأ:
*I know him for 5 years. - الصواب:
I have known him for 5 years. - لماذا نخطئ؟ لأننا في العربية نقول «أعرفه منذ 5 سنوات»، فنترجم «أعرف» إلى
knowمباشرة. تذكر: في الإنجليزية، إذا وجدتforأوsinceمع حالة مستمرة، يجب أن تستخدمhave/has + V3.
- 1إضافة
-ingلأفعال الحالة (The Continuous Trap):
- خطأ:
*I have been knowing him. - الصواب:
I have known him. - لماذا نخطئ؟ لأن الطالب يريد أن يعبر عن الاستمرار، فيلجأ لزمن
Present Perfect Continuous. لكن أفعال الحالة مثلknow, believe, understandهي أفعال «جامدة» لا تقبل الحركة والاستمرار في شكلها القواعدي.
- 1نسيان الفعل المساعد
have/has:
- خطأ:
*I known him since 2010. - الصواب:
I have known him since 2010. - لماذا نخطئ؟ لأن اللغة العربية لا تحتوي على فعل مساعد مشابه لـ
haveفي هذا السياق، فنقوم بحذفه ظناً منا أن التصريف الثالث وحده يكفي.
- 1الخلط بين
forوsince:
- تذكر:
sinceتأتي مع «نقطة زمنية» (رمضان، الساعة 5، سنة 2000، يوم الجمعة). - تذكر:
forتأتي مع «مدة زمنية» (ساعتين، شهرين، وقت طويل، 10 سنوات).
Present Perfect مع أفعال الحالة وبين أزمنة أخرى قد تبدو مشابهة. إليك هذا الجدول التوضيحي:I knew him in school. | الحالة انتهت في الماضي. (لم أعد أعرفه أو انقطعت العلاقة). |I have known him for years. | الحالة بدأت في الماضي ومستمرة الآن. |I have been working. | للأفعال الحركية (Action) فقط، للتركيز على الجهد المستمر. |I know him. | حقيقة عامة الآن، دون التركيز على متى بدأت أو كم استمرت. |I was و I have been:I was busy (كنت مشغولاً)، فأنت تتحدث عن وقت مضى وانتهى. لكن إذا قلت I have been busy all day (أنا مشغول طوال اليوم)، فأنت تعني أن انشغالك بدأ منذ الصباح ولا يزال مستمراً حتى وأنت تتحدث معه.Present Perfect Continuous مع فعل have؟have بمعنى «يملك» (حالة)، فلا يمكنك ذلك. لا تقل *I have been having this phone. لكن إذا كان have جزءاً من تعبير حركي مثل having lunch أو having a shower فيمكنك استخدامه في الاستمرار.run) أو «يكتب» (write)، لكن لا يمكنك رؤية شخص «يعرف» (know) أو «يؤمن» (believe). الأفعال الذهنية والعاطفية هي غالباً أفعال حالة.Simple Past).- مثال:
I had that car for 10 years (but then I sold it).هنا استخدمنا الماضي البسيط لأنك لم تعد تملكها.
always تغير القاعدة؟always (دائماً) تأتي كثيراً مع المضارع التام وأفعال الحالة لتعزيز فكرة أن الحالة لم تتغير أبداً.- مثال:
I have always loved the smell of Arabic coffee.(لطالما أحببت رائحة القهوة العربية). هناalwaysتوضع بينhaveوالتصريف الثالث.
Present Perfect مع أفعال الحالة، أنت تعطي صورة واضحة ومحترفة عن استمرارية حياتك وتجاربك. يلّا، حاول كتابة ثلاث جمل عن أشياء تملكها أو أشخاص تعرفهم مستخدماً هذه القاعدة!Present Perfect with State Verbs
| Subject | Auxiliary | Past Participle (V3) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
been
|
I have been here.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
been
|
She has been here.
|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
known
|
We have known him.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
known
|
He has known him.
|
|
I / You / We / They
|
have
|
had
|
They have had it.
|
|
He / She / It
|
has
|
had
|
It has had it.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have
|
I've
|
I haven't
|
|
You have
|
You've
|
You haven't
|
|
He has
|
He's
|
He hasn't
|
|
She has
|
She's
|
She hasn't
|
|
It has
|
It's
|
It hasn't
|
|
We have
|
We've
|
We haven't
|
|
They have
|
They've
|
They haven't
|
Meanings
This structure expresses a state that began in the past and is still true in the present. It is specifically used with verbs that describe feelings, thoughts, possession, or existence rather than physical actions.
Duration of a State
To show how long a non-action state has existed up to now.
“I have known Sarah for ten years.”
“He has been a doctor since 2015.”
Possession over time
Using verbs like 'have', 'own', or 'belong' to show long-term ownership.
“I've had this phone for three years.”
“She has owned that house since she was young.”
Mental or Emotional States
Describing beliefs, likes, or knowledge that haven't changed.
“I have always liked chocolate.”
“She has believed in ghosts since she was a child.”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Subj + have/has + V3
|
I've known her for years.
|
|
Negative
|
Subj + haven't/hasn't + V3
|
He hasn't been home since May.
|
|
Question
|
Have/Has + Subj + V3?
|
Have you had that cold for long?
|
|
Short Answer (+)
|
Yes, + Subj + have/has
|
Yes, I have.
|
|
Short Answer (-)
|
No, + Subj + haven't/hasn't
|
No, she hasn't.
|
|
Wh- Question
|
Wh- + have/has + Subj + V3?
|
How long have they been married?
|
طيف الرسمية
I have resided in this city for over a decade. (Living situation)
I've lived here for ten years. (Living situation)
I've been here for ages. (Living situation)
I've been reppin' this city since forever. (Living situation)
Common Stative Verbs for Present Perfect
Thoughts
- know known
- believe believed
Feelings
- like liked
- love loved
Possession
- have had
- own owned
For vs. Since
Choosing the Right Tense
Is the state still true now?
Is it a state verb (know, be, etc.)?
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I have been here for one hour.
I have been here for one hour.
She has had a cat since June.
She has had a cat since June.
We have been friends for a long time.
We have been friends for a long time.
He has been sick since yesterday.
He has been sick since yesterday.
I've known my teacher for three months.
I've known my teacher for three months.
They've had that car since 2018.
They've had that car since 2018.
Has she been in the office all day?
Has she been in the office all day?
We haven't been to that restaurant for years.
We haven't been to that restaurant for years.
I have always believed in hard work.
I have always believed in hard work.
How long have you owned this property?
How long have you owned this property?
She has understood the problem since the start.
She has understood the problem since the start.
I haven't liked horror movies since I was a kid.
I haven't liked horror movies since I was a kid.
The museum has contained these artifacts for decades.
The museum has contained these artifacts for decades.
He has lacked the necessary skills since he joined.
He has lacked the necessary skills since he joined.
We have owed them money for far too long.
We have owed them money for far too long.
Has this building belonged to the city since 1950?
Has this building belonged to the city since 1950?
The contract has remained in effect since the signing.
The contract has remained in effect since the signing.
I have long suspected that the data was flawed.
I have long suspected that the data was flawed.
She has possessed a rare talent for music since childhood.
She has possessed a rare talent for music since childhood.
The two theories have coexisted for over a century.
The two theories have coexisted for over a century.
The tension has simmered beneath the surface for weeks.
The tension has simmered beneath the surface for weeks.
He has been of the opinion that change is necessary.
He has been of the opinion that change is necessary.
The tradition has endured despite modern pressures.
The tradition has endured despite modern pressures.
I have known no peace since the news arrived.
I have known no peace since the news arrived.
سهل الخلط
Learners use Past Simple for things that are still true.
Trying to use -ing with state verbs.
أخطاء شائعة
I am here since Monday.
I have been here since Monday.
I have been here since two hours.
I have been here for two hours.
I have been knowing him for a long time.
I have known him for a long time.
I've had a headache since three days.
I've had a headache for three days.
I have been having this car for years.
I have had this car for years.
أنماط الجُمل
I have been ___ since ___.
She has had ___ for ___.
Real World Usage
I have been a software engineer for six years.
I've been at the cafe since 4, where are you?
I've had this pain in my back for two weeks.
Vegan since 2015. 🌿
I have been a loyal customer since this store opened.
I've been single for a while now.
The 'Still True' Test
No -ing for States
Since + Past Simple
How long...?
Smart Tips
Stop! If you use 'for' or 'since', you must change 'am' to 'have been'.
Don't be afraid of 'have had'. It's perfectly normal English.
Verbs like 'like', 'love', and 'hate' are states. Use Present Perfect Simple for duration.
النطق
Contraction Stress
In natural speech, 'I have' becomes 'I've' /aɪv/. The 'v' sound is very short.
The 'h' in 'has'
When 'has' is not contracted, the 'h' is often dropped in fast speech: 'She's been' /ʃiz bɪn/.
Duration Emphasis
I've been here for ↗FIVE hours!
Rising intonation on the time period shows surprise or annoyance.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Remember 'K.B.H.' — Know, Be, Have. These three are the kings of the stative Present Perfect.
ربط بصري
Imagine a bridge. One side is 'The Past' and the other is 'Now'. The bridge is made of a long, unmoving stone (the state verb). You are standing in the middle, looking at both sides.
Rhyme
If the state is still true and started way back, use 'have' and 'has' to stay on the track.
Story
I have known my dog since he was a puppy. I have had him for five years. He has been my best friend the whole time. (Notice how the states of knowing, owning, and being all connect the puppy-past to the dog-present).
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write down three things you have owned for more than a year using 'I have had... for...'
ملاحظات ثقافية
Brits are very strict about using Present Perfect for recent states. 'I've just been to the shops' is more common than 'I was just at the shops'.
Americans sometimes use the Past Simple where Brits use the Present Perfect, but for state verbs with 'for/since', the Present Perfect is still the standard.
Using 'I have been' instead of 'I am' for duration is a key marker of professional fluency in international meetings.
The Present Perfect comes from the Old English 'habban' (to have) combined with a past participle to show possession of a completed act.
بدايات محادثة
How long have you lived in your current home?
Who is your oldest friend? How long have you known them?
What is something you have owned since you were a child?
How long have you believed in your current career path?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
I ___ (know) my best friend for fifteen years.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She has had that car since three years.
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
I moved here in January. I am still here. (Use 'since')
You can use the Present Perfect Continuous with the verb 'know'.
A: How long ___ that watch? B: I've had it for a month.
Verbs: Know, Work, Be, Run
Score: /8
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesI ___ (know) my best friend for fifteen years.
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She has had that car since three years.
1. ___ 2005, 2. ___ a long time, 3. ___ I was a child
I moved here in January. I am still here. (Use 'since')
You can use the Present Perfect Continuous with the verb 'know'.
A: How long ___ that watch? B: I've had it for a month.
Verbs: Know, Work, Be, Run
Score: /8
Practice Bank
11 exercisesI ___ about this concert for weeks!
He has been wanting to visit Japan since he was little.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Nunca he entendido por qué hace eso.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match each subject with its correct verb form (Present Perfect of 'see'):
Our professor ___ (have) a strong influence on my career path since I started university.
I haven't been seeing my cousins since Christmas.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: '¿Cuánto tiempo has creído en los fantasmas?'
Arrange these words into a question:
Score: /11
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
No. 'Know' is a state verb. You must say `I've known him`.
Use `for` for a period of time (for 2 hours) and `since` for a starting point (since 2 o'clock).
Yes! The first 'have' is the auxiliary verb, and 'had' is the past participle of the main verb 'have' (meaning to possess).
The Present Simple only describes the current moment. To include the past duration, English requires the `Present Perfect`.
Yes, but 'live' and 'work' are special. You can use either `Present Perfect Simple` or `Continuous` with them with almost no change in meaning.
Yes! `I have always loved pizza` is a perfect example of a state that started in the past and continues.
Switch the subject and 'have/has'. For example: `Have you been here long?`
If the state is finished, use the `Past Simple`. Example: 'I was a student for four years' (but I am not now).
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de Indicativo + desde hace
English requires the Present Perfect, while Spanish uses the Present Simple.
Présent + depuis
French uses present tense; English uses present perfect.
Präsens + seit
German uses present tense; English uses present perfect.
~te iru (ている)
Japanese doesn't distinguish between 'I know' and 'I have known' using different tenses.
Present tense + 'min' (من)
Arabic does not have a specific 'Present Perfect' tense for duration.
Verb + 'le' (了) + duration
Chinese relies on particles and time phrases rather than verb conjugation.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
Related Grammar Rules
المضارع التام: أمريكي مقابل بريطاني (I've done مقابل I did)
Overview هل شعرت يوماً أن كتاب اللغة الإنجليزية الخاص بك قد كذب عليك؟ تتعلم قاعدة في الفصل، ثم تسمع مدون فيديو من كاليف...
Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction (Turn On, Give Up, Look After)
## Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction A **phrasal verb** = verb + particle (up, on, off, out, in, away...) The combination...
تجارب الحياة: المضارع التام مع Ever و Never
### Overview في اللغة الإنجليزية، هناك طريقة مميزة جداً للحديث عن تجارب الحياة، وهي استخدام زمن المضارع التام (Present...
المستقبل المستمر (سيكون يفعل)
### Overview يُعد زمن المستقبل المستمر (Future Continuous) أداة لغوية بالغة الأهمية لمن يرغب في إضفاء الدقة والحيوية عل...
المضارع التام في الإنجليزية: ربط الماضي بالحاضر (التكوين الأساسي)
Overview هل دخلت يوماً إلى غرفة ونسيت تماماً لماذا ذهبت إلى هناك؟ كلنا مررنا بهذا الموقف. هذا الشعور بأن هناك فعلاً في ا...
