Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use this to talk about actions that started in the past and are still happening right now, focusing on the duration.
- Use 'have/has been' + '-ing' for ongoing actions like 'I have been waiting'.
- Focus on 'how long' something has been happening using 'for' or 'since'.
- Use it for recent actions that have a visible result now, like being sweaty from running.
Overview
Present Perfect Continuous は、「頑張り（hustle）」や「待ち時間」、そして「終わらないNetflixの一気見」のための時制なんだ。画面から消えない「Loading...」アイコンの文法版だと思っていいよ。ピザを食べ終わるような「結果」に焦点を当てる時制もあるけれど、こっちは「プロセス」（30分間ひたすら食べ続けている行為そのもの）に注目するんだ。これは過去と「今」を、能動的で生き生きとした感じでつなげてくれる。副業の話や、ジムでのルーティン、あるいは午前中ずっとお菓子作りをしてたから粉まみれになってる理由を話したいなら、このパターンが必要だね。話に「深み」と「期間」を加えてくれるから、B1レベルでは必須の項目だよ。これがないと、事実を報告するロボットみたいに聞こえちゃうけど、これを使えば、経験を通して生きている人間らしく聞こえるんだ。英語を箇条書きのリストみたいにするんじゃなくて、もっと流れるようにするためのメカニズムを見ていこう。Present Perfect Continuous は、過去のある時点から始まって、今も続いているか、ついさっき終わったけど目に見える結果が残っている動作を表すのに使う。「期間（duration）」の時制だと思ってね。 Present Perfect Simple が完成した建物のスナップ写真だとしたら、 Present Perfect Continuous は建設作業員が実際にそれを建てている様子のタイムラプス動画だと言える。タスクの完了ではなく、活動そのものを強調するんだ。例えば、 I've read that book と言えば、読み終わったことを意味する。でも、 I've been reading that book と言えば、まだ100ページくらい残っていて、横には冷めたコーヒーが置いてあるような感じがするよね。現代生活ではこれを超頻繁に使うよ。「Uberを15分も待ってるんだけど（I've been waiting for this Uber for 15 minutes）」なんて定番だね。あるいは、「彼女は月曜日からずっとインスタに休暇の投稿をしてる（She’s been posting about her vacation on Instagram since Monday）」とかね。これは文脈を与えてくれるんだ。なぜ疲れているのか、なぜ汗だくなのか、あるいはなぜ急に14世紀の歴史に詳しくなったのか（一晩中ドキュメンタリーを見てたからね）、その理由を説明してくれる。ただ一つ注意点：一瞬で終わるようなことには使わないでね。奇妙な大会に参加してるのでもない限り、3時間も「瞬きし続けている（been blinking）」なんてことはないからね。中身のある動作に使おう。How This Grammar Works
have または has）、常連客（been）、そして主役（動詞の -ing 形）だ。パンはいつも同じだけど、今やってることに合わせて中身の具材を変えるサンドイッチみたいなものだね。助動詞の have は、誰について話しているかで変わる。「孤独な3人組」である he、 she、 it には has を使おう。それ以外の人たち（I、 you、 we、 they）には have でOK。「to be」の過去分詞である been という単語は、この時制では絶対に変化しない。パーティーから帰ろうとしないあいつみたいに、ずっとそこに居座るんだ。最後に、現在分詞の -ing 形が、動作に「進行中」の雰囲気を与える。よくある混乱ポイントは、 Present Continuous （例：I am working）との違いだね。違いはタイムラインだ。I am working は、まさに「今」のことだけ。 I have been workingは、これが少し前から始まったことを聞き手に伝えている。「シャワーを浴びている（I'm in the shower）」と言うのと、「40分もシャワーを浴びている（I've been in the shower for forty minutes）」と言うのとの違いみたいなもの。前者は状況報告だけど、後者は水道代に関する助けを求める叫びだね。
Formation Pattern
I、 My boss、 The app）。
have か has を選ぶ。プロからのアドバイス：カジュアルな会話では、ほとんどの場合 've や 's に短縮するよ（例： I've、 He's）。
been を加えること。例外なし。言い訳無用。
-ing 形を加える。スペルに注意してね： run は running （nを重ねる）、 dance は dancing （eを取る）になるよ。
for （「2時間」のような期間を示す）や since （「朝8時」のような開始点を示す）を加えるよ。
Conjugation Table
| Form | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | I have been gaming |
私は（ずっと）ゲームをしている |
| Negative | She hasn't been sleeping |
彼女は（最近）寝ていない |
| Question | Have they been waiting? |
彼らは（しばらく）待っているの？ |
| Short Form | We've been traveling |
私たちは（ずっと）旅をしている |
When To Use It
lately、 recently、 all day、 for ages といった言葉をよく使うことに注目してね。Zoomで友達と近況報告するのに完璧な時制だよ。「仕事何してるの？（What do you do?）」と聞く代わりに、「最近何してたの？（What have you been doing lately?）」と聞くんだ。そうすれば、相手の新しいサワー種（パン作り）へのこだわりや、12時間のエルデンリング・セッションについて話すきっかけができる。社交的で、描写的で、ネイティブの会話ではとても一般的なんだ。
Common Mistakes
-ing 形を嫌う動詞があるんだ。思考、感情、所有に関する動詞だよ。「彼を長年知っている」と言うのに I have been knowing him for yearsとは言えない。脳は、足が「走る」のと同じようには継続的に「知る」わけじゃないからね。シンプルに
I have known him を使おう。進行形で避けるべき他の動詞には、 like、 love、 hate、 want、 believe、 own などがあるよ。もう一つの典型的なミスは、 been を忘れること。多くの学習者が I have working here for monthsと言ってしまう。これだと、「働くこと（working）」という概念を所有している、と言おうとしているように聞こえちゃう。
been を忘れないで！ それが接着剤なんだ。あと、 for vs since にも気をつけて。期間には for を使う： for 10 minutes、 for a month、 for a long time。特定の時点には since を使う： since Tuesday、 since I was a kid、 since 2021。もし since two hours と言ったら、文法の妖精が羽を失っちゃうよ。最後に、永続的な事実にはこれを使わないこと。The sun has been rising in the eastと言うと、明日は昇らないかもしれないみたいに聞こえる。宇宙の不変の真理には、単純に
Present Simple を使おう。Contrast With Similar Patterns
Present Perfect Continuous vs Present Perfect Simple だ。これを覚えておいて： Continuous = プロセス、 Simple = 結果。「リビングのペンキ塗りをしていた（I've been painting the living room）」と言ったら、多分髪の毛にペンキがついてて、壁は半分緑色だろうね。「リビングのペンキを塗った（I've painted the living room）」と言ったら、完成した傑作を見においでよと誘っていることになる。もう一つの対比は Past Continuous （I was working）との違いだ。 Past Continuous は行き止まりで、過去にとどまっている。 Present Perfect Continuous は現在に片足を踏み入れているんだ。デート相手に "I've been thinking about you« と言えばロマンチックだね。あなたが今も相手のことを考えていることを示唆するから。もし »I was thinking about you" と言ったら、相手は「で、どうしたの？考えるのやめたの？もっといい考えでも見つけた？」と聞くかもしれない。文脈が大事！Quick FAQ
短い動作にこれを使ってもいい？
あんまりよくないね。「携帯を落とし続けている（I've been dropping my phone）」とは言わないでしょ。それは一瞬の悲劇だ。「携帯を修理している（I've been repairing my phone）」のように、時間がかかることに使おう。
時間を表す表現なしで使ってもいい？
もちろんだよ！ "I've been crying" と言えば、赤い目が時間の文脈を物語っている。結果があれば、この時制を使う十分な理由になるよ。
これを覚えるための「記憶のトリック」はある？
H-B-I の法則を思い出して： Have/Has + Been + Ing だ。「人間（Human Being）」が「イングしている（Ing-ing）」ようなものさ。君は現在IngしているHuman Being（HB）なんだ！
Real Conversations
*At a Coffee Shop*
Sam
Alex
*Talking about a TV show*
Lila
Ben
Progressive Practice
Easy: 動作が完了しているか、継続中かを識別する。（例： "I've eaten vs I've been eating"）。
Medium: Present Continuous の文（I am studying）を、 for two hours を使って Present Perfect Continuous に変える。
Hard: この時制を使って、現在の散らかった状況を説明する（例： "The kitchen is a mess because I've been cooking for a party"）。
Conjugating the Present Perfect Continuous
| Subject | Auxiliary (Have/Has) | Been | Verb (-ing) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
I have been working.
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
You have been working.
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
been
|
working
|
She has been working.
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
We have been working.
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
working
|
They have been working.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Negative Contraction |
|---|---|---|
|
I have been
|
I've been
|
I haven't been
|
|
You have been
|
You've been
|
You haven't been
|
|
He has been
|
He's been
|
He hasn't been
|
|
She has been
|
She's been
|
She hasn't been
|
|
It has been
|
It's been
|
It hasn't been
|
|
We have been
|
We've been
|
We haven't been
|
|
They have been
|
They've been
|
They haven't been
|
Meanings
A verb tense used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment, or has just stopped but has a clear effect on the present.
Duration from Past to Present
Emphasizing how long an activity has been continuing.
“She has been working here since 2015.”
“They have been talking on the phone for over an hour.”
Recent Activity with Present Result
An action that recently stopped but we can see the results now.
“I'm tired because I've been running.”
“The ground is wet; it has been raining.”
Temporary Situations
Describing a situation that is happening lately but might not be permanent.
“I've been staying with my brother until I find a flat.”
“He's been eating a lot of junk food recently.”
Reference Table
| 主語 | 助動詞 (have/has) | 進行形のしるし | 動詞の-ing形 | 例 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
I
|
have
|
been
|
studying
|
`I have been studying`
|
|
You
|
have
|
been
|
playing
|
`You have been playing`
|
|
He/She/It
|
has
|
been
|
working
|
`She has been working`
|
|
We
|
have
|
been
|
waiting
|
`We have been waiting`
|
|
They
|
have
|
been
|
talking
|
`They have been talking`
|
|
I (Negative)
|
have not
|
been
|
sleeping
|
`I haven't been sleeping`
|
|
You (Question)
|
Have you
|
been
|
reading?
|
`Have you been reading?`
|
フォーマル度スペクトル
I apologize for the delay; I have been attending to an urgent matter. (Apologizing for lateness)
Sorry I'm late, I've been dealing with some stuff. (Apologizing for lateness)
Sorry! Been busy with some things. (Apologizing for lateness)
My bad, been tied up. (Apologizing for lateness)
現在完了進行形：主な考え方
主要な要素
- have/has 助動詞
- been 進行形の印
- Verb + -ing 動詞の-ing形
主な用途
- Duration 期間（過去に始まり、今も継続中の行動）
- Recent result 最近の結果（行動がちょうど終わり、今証拠がある）
- How long? 期間の質問
時の指標
- for 期間
- since 開始点
- lately 最近
進行形 vs. 完了形：時制対決
現在完了進行形ですか？
行動は過去に始まりましたか？
その行動はまだ進行中ですか、それともちょうど終わりましたか？
「期間」や「プロセス」を強調したいですか？
状態動詞（know, loveなど）ですか？
PPCを使う時：実生活のシナリオ
継続中の活動
- • `I've been working` on my essay.
- • `They've been living` in London for years.
目に見える結果
- • `She's been crying` (red eyes).
- • `It's been snowing` (white ground).
一時的な状況
- • `We've been staying` at a hotel.
- • `He's been using` a temporary email.
「どのくらい？」と尋ねる時
- • `How long have you been waiting`?
- • `How long has she been teaching`?
レベル別の例文
I have been playing.
I have been playing.
She has been eating.
She has been eating.
We have been walking.
We have been walking.
They have been waiting.
They have been waiting.
I have been working for two hours.
I have been working for two hours.
He has been living here since May.
He has been living here since May.
Have you been waiting long?
Have you been waiting long?
It hasn't been raining today.
It hasn't been raining today.
I've been thinking about changing my job lately.
I've been thinking about changing my job lately.
Why are you so sweaty? I've been gardening.
Why are you so sweaty? I've been gardening.
They've been arguing all morning.
They've been arguing all morning.
She's been feeling a bit under the weather recently.
She's been feeling a bit under the weather recently.
I've been trying to reach you for days, but your phone was off.
I've been trying to reach you for days, but your phone was off.
The company has been struggling to meet its targets this quarter.
The company has been struggling to meet its targets this quarter.
He's been working out a lot; you can really see the difference.
He's been working out a lot; you can really see the difference.
We've been considering moving to the countryside for some time now.
We've been considering moving to the countryside for some time now.
I've been meaning to catch up with you regarding the project's progress.
I've been meaning to catch up with you regarding the project's progress.
The researchers have been conducting experiments to validate the hypothesis.
The researchers have been conducting experiments to validate the hypothesis.
She has been consistently outperforming her peers in every assessment.
She has been consistently outperforming her peers in every assessment.
The political climate has been shifting toward more populist ideologies.
The political climate has been shifting toward more populist ideologies.
The author has been painstakingly revising the manuscript for over a decade.
The author has been painstakingly revising the manuscript for over a decade.
Economists have been debating the long-term implications of this policy since its inception.
Economists have been debating the long-term implications of this policy since its inception.
The ecosystem has been undergoing subtle but irreversible changes due to global warming.
The ecosystem has been undergoing subtle but irreversible changes due to global warming.
I've been oscillating between accepting the offer and pursuing my own venture.
I've been oscillating between accepting the offer and pursuing my own venture.
間違えやすい
Learners mix them up when talking about completed vs. uncompleted actions.
Learners use 'I am doing' for actions that started in the past.
Learners use the Present form when the action ended before another past action.
よくある間違い
I am working here for 2 years.
I have been working here for 2 years.
I have working.
I have been working.
She has been work.
She has been working.
They have been been working.
They have been working.
He have been waiting.
He has been waiting.
I have been knowing him.
I have known him.
I've been here since two hours.
I've been here for two hours.
I have been broken the vase.
I have broken the vase.
How long are you waiting?
How long have you been waiting?
I've been being tired.
I've been tired.
I've been having this car for years.
I've had this car for years.
文型パターン
I have been ___ for ___.
She has been ___ since ___.
Have you been ___ lately?
I'm tired because I've been ___.
Real World Usage
I have been working in this industry for over a decade.
Sorry, I've been sleeping all afternoon!
I've been having these headaches for about a week.
We've been dreaming of this vacation for years!
I've been trying to log in, but the site keeps crashing.
It has been raining steadily across the region.
I've been looking forward to this date all week.
Scholars have been debating this theory for centuries.
期間か、最近の結果か
状態動詞に注意！
「for」と「since」がヒント！
オンラインで自然な英語を話す
プロセスに焦点を当てる
短縮形でもっと早く！
Smart Tips
Automatically reach for the Present Perfect Continuous.
Use 'I've been [verb-ing]' to provide the reason.
You can use either Simple or Continuous, but Continuous sounds more like a current, active part of your life.
Use 'I've been meaning to...' to show you haven't forgotten.
発音
The 'been' reduction
In natural speech, 'been' is often reduced to /bɪn/ (like 'bin') rather than /biːn/ (like 'bean').
Contraction stress
The stress usually falls on the main verb, not on 'have' or 'been'.
Rising-Falling for statements
I've been ↗waiting for ↘hours.
Conveys a sense of duration or slight frustration.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Remember 'HBB': Have/Has + Been + -ing. Think of it as 'Have Been Busy' doing something.
視覚的連想
Imagine a long bridge connecting a 'Past' island to a 'Present' island. On the bridge, someone is walking (the action). The bridge is the 'been' part that holds the past and present together.
Rhyme
If the action's still in view, 'have been -ing' is for you!
Story
Bob started painting his house at 8 AM. It is now 2 PM and Bob is covered in paint. Bob says, 'I have been painting all day.' The paint on Bob is the result, and the time spent is the duration.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Look around you. Find one thing that has been happening for a while (e.g., the sun shining, a fan spinning). Say it out loud: 'The fan has been spinning for ten minutes.'
文化メモ
British speakers often use the Present Perfect Continuous more frequently than Americans in casual conversation to describe recent events.
Americans might sometimes substitute the Past Simple in contexts where a result is visible, though PPC is still standard for duration.
Australians frequently use the contraction 'I've been' followed by 'reckoning' to express a developing thought.
The 'have + been + -ing' construction developed in Middle English as a way to combine the perfect aspect (completion/result) with the progressive aspect (ongoing action).
会話のきっかけ
What have you been doing since we last met?
Have you been watching any good series on Netflix lately?
What projects have you been working on at your job recently?
How long have you been living in this city?
日記のテーマ
よくある間違い
Test Yourself
My eyes hurt because I ___ screens for too long.
Find and fix the mistake:
She is knowing him since childhood.
Choose the correct sentence:
Score: /3
練習問題
8 exercisesI ___ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.
Why are your hands so dirty?
Find and fix the mistake:
She has been knowing him since they were children.
It started raining at 2 PM. It is still raining now.
A: You look exhausted! B: I ___ (study) all night.
Select the Present Perfect Simple sentence.
been / they / for / learning / have / years / English / five
Situation: The kitchen is a mess and there is flour everywhere.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWe ___ (wait) for the bus for twenty minutes.
My phone battery is low because I ___ (use) it heavily all day.
He has been owning that car for five years.
They have been building this bridge, and they finished it last week.
Which sentence properly uses the Present Perfect Continuous?
Select the best sentence:
Translate into English: 'Hemos estado aprendiendo alemán durante seis meses.'
Translate into English: '¿Qué has estado haciendo últimamente?'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Arrange these words into a question:
Match each subject with its corresponding 'have' or 'has' form:
Match the base verb with its '-ing' form:
Score: /12
よくある質問 (8)
Yes! They are the most common time markers. Use `for` for a period (for 3 hours) and `since` for a specific point (since 3 o'clock).
Often, there is very little difference. However, `I've worked` sounds more permanent, while `I've been working` sounds more temporary or emphasizes the effort.
Because `know` is a stative verb. Stative verbs describe states, not actions, so they don't usually take the -ing form.
In American English, it's usually `The team has been`. In British English, both `has been` and `have been` are acceptable.
Yes, if the result is still visible. For example, if you are out of breath, you say `I've been running` even if you have stopped.
Move 'have' or 'has' to the front: `Have you been studying?`
Very! It's much more common in speech than in formal writing because we often talk about our recent activities.
Just add 'not' after have/has: `I have not (haven't) been working.`
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Presente de indicativo + desde hace
English requires the perfect aspect (have been) while Spanish uses the present.
Présent + depuis
French does not have a specific 'perfect continuous' construction for this meaning.
Präsens + seit
German lacks the continuous aspect entirely in its standard grammar.
~te iru (ている)
Japanese relies on context or time markers to show the action started in the past.
Ma zala (ما زال) + Present Verb
Arabic grammar structures the relationship between time and aspect differently, often using the active participle.
Yīzhí (一直) + Verb + le (了)
Chinese has no verb conjugation, so the 'have been -ing' structure is purely lexical.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
関連動画
07:25 Has Proof of Dark Matter Been Hiding on Ganymede?
06:07 The Developer Preview 3 of the Android XR SDK is now here!
04:34 The New Era of AI-Powered Protein Design | César Ramírez-Sarmiento | TED
【英語】現在完了進行形・現在完了形・過去進行形の違いを解説
モリケン
現在完了進行形を徹底解説！英語の時制をマスターしよう！
とある男が授業をしてみた
現在完了進行形を徹底解説！違いが分かる「継続」の意味！
ロペス先生のビジネス英会話
Related Grammar Rules
現在完了形：米国対英国（I've done と I did）
Overview {英語|えいご}の{教科書|きょうかしょ}に{嘘|うそ}をつかれた{気分|きぶん}になったことない？{授業|じゅぎょう}でル...
Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction (Turn On, Give Up, Look After)
## Phrasal Verbs: An Introduction A **phrasal verb** = verb + particle (up, on, off, out, in, away...) The combination...
人生経験: EverとNeverを使った現在完了形
ワークアウトをサボって、2時間後にフィットネス系のTikTokを見ながら罪悪感を感じたことはない？あるいは、親友に何度言われて...
未来進行形 (will be -ing)
### Overview 英語学習において、B2レベル（中上級）に到達した皆さんが次に目指すべきは、表現の「精度」と「ニュアンス」の向...
英語の現在完了形：過去と現在をつなぐ（基本形）
Overview 部屋に入った瞬間、何をしに来たのか完全に忘れちゃったことってない？誰にでもあるよね。過去の行動が「今」の瞬間に...
