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B1 verb #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 9 دقيقة للقراءة

درد کشیدن

dard keshidan
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'dard' means 'pain'. You might learn 'dard mikonad' (it hurts) first. 'Dard keshidan' is a bit more advanced, but you can understand it as 'I feel pain'. Think of it as a way to tell a doctor 'Man dard mikosham' (I am in pain). Focus on the present tense: 'Man dard mikosham', 'To dard mikoshi'. It's about basic communication of your feelings. You don't need to worry about the deep emotional meanings yet. Just know that if you are sick, you might 'dard keshidan'.
At A2, you start to see the difference between 'Dastam dard mikonad' (My hand hurts) and 'Man dard mikosham' (I am suffering pain). You can use the past tense 'dard keshidam' to talk about a time you were sick. You also learn that you can add 'kheyli' (a lot) to say 'kheyli dard keshidam'. This level is about building simple sentences to describe your health or a bad experience. You might hear it in simple stories or when someone is explaining why they couldn't come to class.
As a B1 learner, you should use 'dard keshidan' to describe both physical and emotional endurance. You understand that 'keshidan' implies a process. You can use it in the future tense ('dard khaham keshid') or with modal verbs ('nemikhaham dard bekesham' - I don't want to suffer pain). You start to recognize it in movies and songs. You also begin to distinguish it from 'ranj keshidan' (suffering) and use it to express empathy, like 'midanam kheli dard keshi' (I know you suffered a lot).
At B2, you use 'dard keshidan' fluently in various registers. You can use it metaphorically to describe social or political struggles. You are comfortable with complex sentence structures, like 'Ba vojud-e inke dard mikeshid, labkhand mizad' (Despite the fact that he was in pain, he was smiling). You understand the nuances between 'dard', 'ranj', and 'azab'. You can write short essays about personal hardships using this verb to convey a sense of depth and endurance. You also know common idioms related to it.
At C1, you appreciate the literary and poetic uses of 'dard keshidan'. You can analyze how classical poets like Hafez or Rumi use the concept of 'dard' and the act of 'keshidan' to describe the human condition. You use the verb in academic or high-level professional contexts, perhaps discussing the 'dard-e moshtarak' (common pain) of a society. Your usage is precise, and you can manipulate the verb in all its forms, including passive-like constructions or highly formal synonyms, with ease and stylistic flair.
At the C2 level, 'dard keshidan' is part of your intuitive grasp of the language's soul. You understand the cultural weight of 'suffering' in Iranian history and how this verb carries that weight. You can use it in sophisticated wordplay, irony, or deep philosophical discourse. You recognize the subtle difference in tone when a speaker chooses 'dard keshidan' over 'dard kardan' to imply a specific moral or stoic stance. You can translate complex English concepts of 'anguish' or 'travail' using this verb and its collocations perfectly.
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

درد کشیدن في 30 ثانية

  • Dard keshidan means to suffer or endure pain, focusing on the person's experience.
  • It is a compound verb with 'dard' (pain) and 'keshidan' (to pull/endure).
  • Unlike 'dard kardan', the subject is the person, not the body part.
  • It applies to both physical injuries and deep emotional or mental suffering.

The Persian compound verb درد کشیدن (dard keshidan) is a fundamental expression used to describe the act of enduring, suffering, or experiencing physical or emotional pain. At its core, it combines the noun dard (pain) with the light verb keshidan (to pull, draw, or endure). Unlike the simple 'to hurt' (which is often expressed by dard kardan), درد کشیدن emphasizes the subject's experience of the pain over a period of time. It suggests a process of bearing a burden, much like 'drawing' a heavy load. In a medical context, it refers to the physiological sensation of discomfort, while in poetic or everyday social contexts, it frequently refers to the psychological 'agony' of heartbreak, loss, or hardship. Understanding this verb requires recognizing that the person is the active 'experiencer' of the pain.

Physical Sensation
The act of feeling physical discomfort due to injury or illness.
Emotional Endurance
The process of going through mental or spiritual suffering.
Temporal Aspect
Often implies a duration; one 'pulls' the pain through time.

او سال‌ها از بیماری کلیه درد کشید اما هرگز شکایت نکرد.

— He suffered pain from kidney disease for years but never complained.

In the Persian worldview, the verb 'keshidan' is used for many things that are endured, such as entezar keshidan (to wait/endure waiting) or sakhti keshidan (to endure hardship). This linguistic pattern highlights a cultural perspective where suffering is something one carries or pulls along. When a patient says 'dard mikosham', they are not just saying something hurts; they are describing their state of being under the influence of that pain. This distinction is vital for B1 learners who might confuse it with 'dard kardan'. If your tooth hurts, you say 'dandanam dard mikonad' (My tooth is doing pain), but if you want to say 'I am suffering from toothache', you say 'dandandard mikosham'.

مادر برای بزرگ کردن فرزندانش درد و رنج زیادی کشید.

Furthermore, the intensity of the pain can be modified by adjectives placed before 'dard'. For example, dard-e ziadi keshidan (to suffer a lot of pain). In literature, this verb is a staple of classical poetry, where the lover 'suffers pain' from the absence of the beloved. It elevates the sensation from a mere biological signal to a profound human experience. In modern clinical settings, a doctor might ask, 'Aya hengam-e rah raftan dard mikoshi?' (Do you experience pain while walking?), focusing on the patient's subjective experience during a specific activity.

بیمار پس از جراحی درد شدیدی می‌کشید.

Active Subject
The person (Man, To, Ou...) is the subject who 'pulls' the pain.
Collocation
Often paired with 'Ranj' (suffering) as 'Dard o Ranj keshidan'.

Using درد کشیدن correctly involves understanding its syntax as a compound verb. In Persian, compound verbs consist of a non-verbal element (the noun 'dard') and a light verb ('keshidan'). The light verb carries all the conjugation for person, tense, and mood, while the noun remains static. To use it in the present continuous, you would say daram dard mikosham (I am suffering pain). To use it in the past, dard keshidam (I suffered pain). It is essential to keep the noun and verb together, though adverbs of intensity like besyar (very) or kheyli (a lot) can be placed before the noun or between the noun and the verb.

من درد زیادی کشیدم تا به این موفقیت رسیدم.

— I endured a lot of pain to reach this success.

One of the most important distinctions for learners is the difference between درد کشیدن and درد کردن. Use 'dard kardan' when the body part is the subject: Saram dard mikonad (My head hurts). Use 'dard keshidan' when the person is the subject: Man dard mikosham (I am suffering/feeling pain). This distinction is similar to the difference between 'It hurts' and 'I am in pain' in English. When describing chronic conditions, 'keshidan' is almost always preferred because it implies the passage of time and the burden of the condition.

Present Tense
می‌کشم، می‌کشی، می‌کشد... (I suffer, you suffer...)
Past Tense
کشیدم، کشیدی، کشید... (I suffered, you suffered...)
Imperative
درد نکش! (Don't suffer pain! - often used sympathetically)

In formal writing, you might see variations like mutahammel-e dard shodan (to undergo pain), but درد کشیدن remains the most natural and versatile choice for both spoken and written Persian. It can be used for physical wounds, the agony of a broken heart, or the metaphorical pain of social injustice. When asking someone about their symptoms, a polite way to ask is: Aya dard mikoshid? (Are you experiencing pain?). If the answer is yes, you might follow up with Koja dard mikonad? (Where does it hurt?), switching to 'kardan' to identify the specific location.

او ترجیح می‌دهد درد بکشد اما دارو مصرف نکند.

You will encounter درد کشیدن in a wide variety of settings, ranging from the sterile environment of a hospital to the emotional depths of a Persian soap opera. In a medical context, it is the standard way for patients to describe their subjective experience of illness. Nurses and doctors use it to assess the severity of a condition. For instance, in an emergency room, you might hear: Bimar dar hal-e dard keshidan ast (The patient is currently in pain). This usage is objective and descriptive, focusing on the physiological state of the individual.

در بیمارستان، صداهای کسانی که درد می‌کشیدند شنیده می‌شد.

— In the hospital, the sounds of those who were suffering pain could be heard.

In the realm of Persian cinema and television (often referred to as 'Serial'), this verb is frequently used to heighten drama. Characters often talk about the 'pain they have endured' for love, family, or honor. Phrases like Kheli dard keshidam ta to ro bozorg konam (I suffered a lot of pain to raise you) are common tropes in family dramas, emphasizing sacrifice. It carries a heavy emotional weight in these contexts, often accompanied by the word zahmat (effort/trouble) or ranj (suffering).

Daily Conversation
Complaining about a long-term ache or a difficult period in life.
Literature & Poetry
Describing the 'dard-e deghat' (pain of separation) or existential angst.
News & Media
Reporting on victims of war or natural disasters.

Social media and blogs also utilize this verb when people share personal stories of overcoming hardship. You might see a caption like: Hichkas nemidanad man cheghadr dard keshidam (No one knows how much pain I suffered). Here, it serves as a tool for self-expression and seeking empathy. Furthermore, in religious contexts, especially during mourning ceremonies like Muharram, the verb is used to describe the sufferings of historical figures, reinforcing the cultural value placed on the endurance of pain for a higher cause.

نویسنده در کتابش از درد کشیدن مردم در زمان جنگ می‌گوید.

The most frequent mistake learners make with درد کشیدن is confusing it with درد کردن. This is a classic 'Subject-Verb Agreement' error in Persian conceptualization. In English, 'I hurt' can mean 'I am in pain' or 'My body part hurts'. In Persian, these are strictly separated. If you say Man dard mikonam, it sounds like you are saying 'I am a pain' or 'I am causing pain', which is nonsensical. You must say Man dard mikosham (I suffer pain) or Dastam dard mikonad (My hand hurts).

Incorrect: من دندان درد می‌کنم.
Correct: من دندان‌درد می‌کشم. (I am suffering from a toothache.)

Another common error is the incorrect use of the light verb. Some learners might try to use dashtan (to have) as in dard daram. While dard daram (I have pain) is actually correct and very common, it is more static than dard keshidan. Dard keshidan implies an ongoing process or a significant experience. Using dard keshidan for a tiny, momentary prick of a needle might be slightly dramatic; in that case, dard gereftan (to catch/start pain) or dard dashtan is better. Reserve keshidan for when there is a sense of endurance.

Confusion with 'Gereftan'
'Dard gereftan' means the pain just started (sudden).
Confusion with 'Dadan'
'Dard dadan' means to inflict pain on someone else.
Preposition Errors
Often used with 'az' (from): 'Az dard keshidan khasteh shodam'.

Learners also struggle with the placement of adjectives. In Persian, the adjective usually follows the noun. So it is dard-e shadid keshidan (to suffer intense pain). Some learners mistakenly put the adjective after the whole verb, which is grammatically incorrect. Also, remember that 'keshidan' is a transitive verb in form but functions as an intransitive experience here. You don't need an object other than 'dard' itself. Lastly, avoid overusing it for minor inconveniences; it carries a weight that 'it hurts' doesn't always have in English.

اشتباه: او درد کشید شدیدی. (Wrong word order)
درست: او درد شدیدی کشید.

To truly master درد کشیدن, you should understand its synonyms and related terms that occupy the same semantic space. The most direct synonym is رنج کشیدن (ranj keshidan) or رنج بردن (ranj bordan). While 'dard' can be purely physical, 'ranj' almost always implies suffering, misery, or agony, often of a mental or spiritual nature. If someone is 'ranj mikoshad', they are going through a deep, often existential struggle. Another related verb is عذاب کشیدن (azāb keshidan), which translates to 'to suffer torture' or 'to be in agony', usually used for very intense emotional or physical distress.

او از دوری خانواده‌اش رنج می‌برد.

— He suffers from being away from his family.

On the more physical side, we have آزار دیدن (āzār didan), which means 'to be harmed' or 'to suffer annoyance/pain'. This is often used when the pain is caused by an external factor or person. Then there is سختی کشیدن (sakhti keshidan), which means 'to endure hardship'. While not always about physical pain, it shares the 'keshidan' light verb and describes the endurance of a difficult state. For B1 learners, knowing when to switch from 'dard' to 'sakhti' or 'ranj' adds significant nuance to their Persian.

Ranj Bordan
More formal/literary than 'dard keshidan'; focuses on 'suffering'.
Azāb Keshidan
Implies a higher intensity, like 'torment'.
Dard Kardan
The functional 'to hurt' (body part as subject).

In medical contexts, you might also hear ناراحتی داشتن (nārāhati dāshtan), which literally means 'to have discomfort'. This is a softer, more clinical way to describe pain. For example, 'Aya dar ghafaseh-ye sineh narahati darid?' (Do you have discomfort in your chest?). Conversely, سوختن (sukhtan - to burn) is often used metaphorically for intense emotional pain, as in 'delam barayash misuzad' (my heart burns for him/I feel pity). Understanding these overlaps helps in choosing the right word for the right level of intensity and context.

بیچاره پیرزن، خیلی عذاب کشید تا فوت کرد.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

غير رسمي

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

من درد می‌کشم.

I am in pain.

Simple present tense.

2

آیا تو درد می‌کشی؟

Are you in pain?

Question form.

3

او درد می‌کشد.

He/She is in pain.

Third person singular.

4

ما درد نمی‌کشیم.

We are not in pain.

Negative present tense.

5

بچه درد می‌کشد.

The baby is in pain.

Noun as subject.

6

من دیروز درد کشیدم.

I suffered pain yesterday.

Simple past tense.

7

چرا درد می‌کشی؟

Why are you in pain?

Interrogative with 'chera'.

8

درد نکش!

Don't suffer pain!

Imperative negative.

1

او خیلی درد کشید.

He suffered a lot of pain.

Use of 'kheyli' as an intensifier.

2

من از دندان‌درد می‌کشم.

I am suffering from a toothache.

Compound noun 'dandan-dard'.

3

مادرم برای ما درد کشید.

My mother suffered pain for us.

Prepositional phrase 'baraye ma'.

4

نباید درد بکشی، دکتر برو.

You shouldn't suffer pain, go to the doctor.

Modal verb 'nabayad'.

5

او بعد از تصادف درد می‌کشید.

He was suffering pain after the accident.

Past continuous sense.

6

آیا هنوز درد می‌کشی؟

Are you still in pain?

Use of 'hanooz' (still).

7

من هیچ دردی نمی‌کشم.

I don't feel any pain.

Negative with 'hich'.

8

او تمام شب درد کشید.

He suffered pain all night.

Time expression 'tamam-e shab'.

1

او سال‌ها از این بیماری درد کشید.

He suffered from this disease for years.

Duration with 'sal-ha'.

2

می‌دانم که چقدر درد می‌کشی.

I know how much pain you are suffering.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

3

او برای رسیدن به هدفش درد کشید.

He endured pain to reach his goal.

Metaphorical use for effort.

4

بیمار نباید بیش از این درد بکشد.

The patient should not suffer any more than this.

Comparative 'bish az in'.

5

درد کشیدن بخشی از زندگی است.

Suffering pain is a part of life.

Gerund/Infinitive as subject.

6

او ترجیح می‌دهد درد بکشد اما کمک نخواهد.

He prefers to suffer pain but not ask for help.

Contrast with 'amma'.

7

وقتی راه می‌روم، درد می‌کشم.

When I walk, I experience pain.

Temporal clause with 'vaghti'.

8

او از تنهایی درد می‌کشید.

He was suffering from loneliness.

Emotional pain.

1

قهرمان داستان برای آزادی مردمش درد و رنج بسیاری کشید.

The story's hero endured much pain and suffering for his people's freedom.

Pairing 'dard' and 'ranj'.

2

او چنان درد می‌کشید که نمی‌توانست صحبت کند.

He was in such pain that he couldn't speak.

Result clause with 'chonan... ke'.

3

درد کشیدن او را به انسانی صبورتر تبدیل کرد.

Suffering pain turned him into a more patient human.

Causal relationship.

4

هیچ‌کس نمی‌تواند تصور کند او چه دردی کشیده است.

No one can imagine what pain he has suffered.

Present perfect 'keshideh ast'.

5

او با وجود درد کشیدن، به کارش ادامه داد.

Despite suffering pain, he continued his work.

Concession with 'ba vojud-e'.

6

جامعه از فقر و تبعیض درد می‌کشد.

Society suffers from poverty and discrimination.

Societal metaphor.

7

او از اینکه نمی‌توانست به دیگران کمک کند، درد می‌کشید.

He suffered from the fact that he couldn't help others.

Emotional pain from a situation.

8

درد کشیدن در سکوت، شجاعت زیادی می‌خواهد.

Suffering pain in silence requires great courage.

Adverbial phrase 'dar sokut'.

1

او در تمام دوران اسارت، دردی جانکاه را به جان خرید و کشید.

Throughout his captivity, he embraced and endured a soul-crushing pain.

Literary phrasing 'be jan kharid'.

2

درد کشیدن‌های او در آثار هنری‌اش متبلور شده است.

His sufferings have been manifested in his artworks.

Pluralization of the infinitive.

3

فیلسوف معتقد بود که درد کشیدن لازمه‌ی رشد معنوی است.

The philosopher believed that suffering pain is necessary for spiritual growth.

Academic context.

4

او از تماشای ویرانی وطنش دردی عمیق می‌کشید.

He suffered a deep pain from watching the destruction of his homeland.

Complex emotional trigger.

5

این ملت برای حفظ استقلال خود دردهای بی‌شماری کشیده است.

This nation has suffered countless pains to preserve its independence.

Collective subject 'mellat'.

6

درد کشیدن او فراتر از تحمل یک انسان معمولی بود.

His suffering was beyond the endurance of an ordinary human.

Comparative 'faratar az'.

7

او در اشعارش به زیبایی درد کشیدن عاشق را توصیف می‌کند.

In his poems, he beautifully describes the lover's suffering.

Literary analysis.

8

هرگز گمان نمی‌کردم که درد کشیدن بتواند چنین معنابخش باشد.

I never thought that suffering pain could be so meaningful.

Subjunctive 'betavanad'.

1

درد کشیدن در ساحت اندیشه‌ی او، نه یک رنج بیهوده، بلکه صیرورتی استعلایی بود.

Suffering pain in the realm of his thought was not a futile agony, but a transcendental becoming.

High-level philosophical terminology.

2

او با هر واژه‌ای که بر کاغذ می‌آورد، گویی دوباره آن درد قدیمی را می‌کشید.

With every word he put on paper, it was as if he were suffering that old pain anew.

Simile with 'guyi'.

3

واکاوی روان‌شناختی نشان داد که او سال‌ها دردی فروخورده را می‌کشیده است.

Psychological analysis showed that he had been suffering a suppressed pain for years.

Past perfect continuous 'mikeshideh ast'.

4

درد کشیدن‌های مستمر، تار و پود شخصیت او را دگرگون ساخته بود.

Continuous sufferings had transformed the very fabric of his character.

Metaphorical 'tar o pud'.

5

او در مقام یک عارف، درد کشیدن را راهی برای تقرب به معبود می‌دانست.

As a mystic, he considered suffering pain a way to approach the Beloved.

Mystical/Religious context.

6

شدت دردی که او می‌کشید، در هیچ واژه‌ای نمی‌گنجید.

The intensity of the pain he suffered could not be contained in any word.

Negative 'nemigonjid'.

7

او میان درد کشیدن و تسلیم شدن، اولی را با وقار انتخاب کرد.

Between suffering pain and surrendering, he chose the former with dignity.

Use of 'avvali' (the former).

8

تجربه‌ی درد کشیدن، دریچه‌ای نو به سوی درک رنج‌های بشری بر او گشود.

The experience of suffering pain opened a new window for him toward understanding human sufferings.

Abstract metaphor.

تلازمات شائعة

درد شدید کشیدن
درد زیادی کشیدن
درد و رنج کشیدن
از بیماری درد کشیدن
در سکوت درد کشیدن
درد جانکاه کشیدن
مدام درد کشیدن
درد بی‌پایان کشیدن
به خاطر کسی درد کشیدن
درد جسمی کشیدن

العبارات الشائعة

خیلی درد می‌کشم

درد نکش عزیزم

چقدر درد کشیدی؟

دیگر نمی‌توانم درد بکشم

او برای ما درد کشید

بیمار در حال درد کشیدن است

از تنهایی درد می‌کشد

درد کشیدن فایده‌ای ندارد

او عادت کرده درد بکشد

باید درد بکشی تا قوی شوی

يُخلط عادةً مع

درد کشیدن vs درد کردن

درد کشیدن vs درد گرفتن

درد کشیدن vs درد دادن

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

درد کشیدن vs

درد کشیدن vs

درد کشیدن vs

درد کشیدن vs

درد کشیدن vs

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

intensity

Keshidan implies a heavier, more prolonged experience than 'dashtan'.

emotional vs physical

Equally used for both, making it very versatile.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using the body part as the subject: 'Dastam dard mikoshad' (Wrong).
  • Confusing 'keshidan' with 'kardan'.
  • Incorrect word order with adjectives.
  • Using it for very minor, momentary sensations.
  • Forgetting the 'mi-' prefix in the present tense.

نصائح

Subject Check

Always make sure the person feeling the pain is the subject of 'keshidan'.

Pairing

Pair it with 'ranj' to sound more expressive and fluent.

Empathy

Use 'dard-at be janam' as a very deep expression of care.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use it for tiny pains like a small scratch; use 'dard kardan' instead.

Stress

The stress is usually on the 'mi-' in 'mikoshad'.

Adjectives

Put adjectives like 'shadid' right after 'dard'.

Context

If you hear 'keshidan', expect a story about endurance.

Sympathy

Saying 'dard mikoshi?' with a rising intonation shows concern.

The 'Pull' Link

Remember that you are 'pulling' the pain through time.

Literature

Look for this verb in Rumi's poetry to see its spiritual side.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

Middle Persian (Pahlavi)

السياق الثقافي

The works of Saadi and Hafez often discuss 'dard' as a teacher.

Iranians often value 'صورت را با سیلی سرخ نگه داشتن' (keeping the face red with a slap) - meaning to hide one's pain and suffering to maintain dignity.

A host might say 'Dard-e shoma be jan-e man' to show they care more about the guest's comfort than their own.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"آیا تا به حال برای رسیدن به چیزی درد کشیده‌ای؟"

"وقتی درد می‌کشی، چه کاری انجام می‌دهی؟"

"به نظر تو درد کشیدن آدم را قوی می‌کند؟"

"چگونه می‌توان به کسی که درد می‌کشد کمک کرد؟"

"آیا درد دوری از وطن را چشیده‌ای؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about a time you suffered physical pain and how you managed it.

Describe a character in a book who suffers a lot of pain for their beliefs.

Reflect on the phrase 'Dard keshidan bakhshi az roshd ast' (Suffering is part of growth).

Write a letter to someone who is in pain, offering support.

Compare physical pain and emotional pain using 'dard keshidan'.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, you should say 'Man dard-e sar mikosham' or 'Saram dard mikonad'. 'Saram' cannot be the subject of 'keshidan' in this way.

It is neutral. It can be used in both formal writing and daily conversation.

The present stem is 'kesh'.

Yes, it is very common for emotional and psychological suffering.

Man kheli dard mikosham.

No, it is already an experiential verb.

'Dard' is more physical; 'ranj' is more mental/spiritual.

Yes, 'sag dard mikoshad' (the dog is in pain).

Yes, to describe the patient's symptoms.

Man dard khaham keshid.

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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