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B1 adjective #7,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 8 دقيقة للقراءة

متناوب

motenaveb الأكثر شيوعاً #7,000

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح متناوب في 30 ثانية

الشرح متناوب in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'متناوب' (motanāveb) yet, as it is quite formal. Instead, you would use simpler words like 'گاهی' (gāhi), which means 'sometimes,' or 'یکی در میان' (yeki dar miyān), which means 'every other one.' For example, instead of saying 'intermittent rain,' an A1 learner would say 'Rain comes and goes' (Bārān mi-āyad o mi-ravad). This word is mostly found in science books or news, which are usually studied at higher levels. However, it is good to recognize that it means something that stops and starts again. Think of a light that turns on and off; that is the basic idea of 'motanāveb'.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you might start seeing 'متناوب' (motanāveb) in simple news headlines or health tips. You should understand that it describes a pattern. For instance, if you see 'روزه متناوب' (ruze-ye motanāveb), you should know it refers to 'intermittent fasting'—a popular health trend. At this level, you can practice recognizing the word in context. It is an adjective, so it usually comes after a noun. A key tip for A2 learners: when you see this word, look for the 'breaks' in the action. It's not a constant thing; it's a 'stop-and-start' thing. It is more formal than 'گاهی' (sometimes).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

As a B1 learner, 'متناوب' (motanāveb) is a key vocabulary word for you. You are moving beyond basic descriptions and starting to use more precise language. You should be able to use this word to describe weather, work schedules, or physical exercises. For example, you can say 'تمرینات متناوب' (intermittent exercises) to describe a workout. You should also understand its adverbial form, 'به طور متناوب' (intermittently). This level is where you distinguish between 'regularly' (monazzam) and 'intermittently' (motanāveb). One has a constant flow, while the other has planned or expected interruptions. You will encounter this word in B1-level reading passages about technology or environment.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'متناوب' (motanāveb) accurately in both writing and speaking. You should understand its technical applications, such as 'جریان متناوب' (Alternating Current) in physics. You should also be able to use it in more abstract contexts, like describing the 'intermittent growth' of a company or 'intermittent signals' in communication. At this level, you should also know its synonyms like 'دوره‌ای' and 'نوبتی' and choose the correct one based on the formality of the situation. Your sentences should show that you understand the nuance: 'motanāveb' implies a recurring pattern, even if the intervals are not perfectly equal.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

C1 learners should have a deep mastery of 'متناوب' (motanāveb) and its derivatives like 'تناوب' (tanāvob - alternation). You should be able to use it in academic essays and professional reports. At this level, you might use it to describe complex social phenomena, such as 'intermittent migration patterns' or 'alternating political cycles.' You should also be aware of the word's Arabic root and how it relates to other Persian words like 'نوبت' (turn) or 'نایب' (deputy). Your usage should be fluid, and you should be able to use the word metaphorically in literature or high-level discourse to describe the rhythmic nature of life, emotions, or history.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, 'متناوب' (motanāveb) is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You can use it to create rhythmic prose or to provide exact technical descriptions in specialized fields like engineering, medicine, or philosophy. You understand the subtle differences between 'motanāveb', 'motavāli', 'monazzam', and 'dowre-i' in every possible context. You can discuss the 'principle of alternation' in logic or mathematics using the term 'اصل تناوب'. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a concept you can manipulate to express complex ideas about time, frequency, and recurrence in the most formal and sophisticated Persian registers.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

متناوب في 30 ثانية

Means 'intermittent' or 'alternating' in formal Persian.
Commonly used in science (AC current) and health (fasting).
Derived from the Arabic root for 'turn' or 'shift'.
Functions as an adjective following the Ezafe construction.

The Persian word متناوب (motanāveb) is a sophisticated adjective primarily used to describe events, patterns, or phenomena that occur in a recurring, alternating, or intermittent fashion. While its root is Arabic, it has been deeply integrated into the Persian lexicon, particularly within scientific, medical, and formal contexts. In English, we often translate it as 'alternating,' 'intermittent,' or 'periodic,' depending on the specific situation. Understanding this word requires grasping the concept of a 'turn' or 'shift,' as it stems from the idea of things taking turns to happen.

Scientific Context: In physics and electrical engineering, جریان متناوب (jaryān-e motanāveb) is the standard term for Alternating Current (AC). This usage highlights the 'back and forth' or 'cycling' nature of the word.
Medical and Health: Modern health trends have brought this word into daily conversation through روزه متناوب (ruze-ye motanāveb), which translates to Intermittent Fasting. Here, it signifies a cycle of eating and not eating.
Environmental and Weather: Meteorologists use it to describe بارش‌های متناوب (bāresh-hā-ye motanāveb), or intermittent showers, where rain starts and stops throughout the day without a continuous downpour.

دکتر به او توصیه کرد که ورزش‌های متناوب را در برنامه روزانه خود قرار دهد تا استقامتش بالا برود.

The doctor advised him to include intermittent exercises in his daily routine to increase his endurance.

The beauty of متناوب lies in its precision. Unlike the word نامنظم (nā-monazzam), which implies chaos or irregularity, متناوب often suggests a pattern, even if that pattern involves gaps. It is the pulse of a machine, the ticking of a clock that skips a beat, or the seasonal migration of birds. When you use this word, you are telling your listener that there is a rhythm to the occurrence, even if it isn't constant.

صدای متناوب بوق خودروها در ترافیک، تمرکز او را به هم می‌زد.

The intermittent sound of car horns in traffic was breaking his concentration.

In formal writing, such as academic papers or technical reports, متناوب is the preferred term over more colloquial expressions like یکی در میان (yeki dar miyān - every other one). It conveys a level of professional objectivity. For instance, in a sociological study, one might describe 'intermittent migration' or 'alternating shifts' using this term to maintain a formal register.

سیستم آبیاری متناوب به کشاورزان کمک می‌کند تا در مصرف آب صرفه‌جویی کنند.

The intermittent irrigation system helps farmers save water.

Visualizing the Word: Imagine a lighthouse beam. It isn't always there, but it returns at a specific interval. That is the essence of 'motanāveb'. It is a presence defined by its absence.

Using متناوب correctly requires understanding its grammatical placement as an adjective. It usually follows the noun it modifies, following the standard Persian Ezafe construction. However, it can also function as part of an adverbial phrase when combined with 'به صورت' (be surat-e), meaning 'in an intermittent manner.'

چراغ‌های متناوب باند فرودگاه، خلبان را در شب راهنمایی می‌کردند.

The alternating lights of the runway guided the pilot at night.

When discussing schedules or habits, متناوب helps specify that the action isn't continuous. This is crucial in professional environments. For example, if a machine needs 'intermittent maintenance,' saying 'motanāveb' ensures the technician knows it's a recurring task, not a one-time fix or a constant operation.

Adverbial Usage: To say 'intermittently,' use به طور متناوب (be tor-e motanāveb) or به صورت متناوب (be surat-e motanāveb). Example: 'باران به طور متناوب می‌بارید' (It was raining intermittently).

او در طول روز به صورت متناوب به پیام‌هایش پاسخ می‌داد.

He responded to his messages intermittently throughout the day.

In academic writing, you might encounter it in the context of history or sociology. For instance, 'intermittent conflicts' between two nations would be described as درگیری‌های متناوب. This implies that the peace was broken by periods of fighting, which then ceased, only to start again later.

فرکانس‌های متناوب رادیویی برای ارسال پیام‌های اضطراری استفاده می‌شوند.

Intermittent radio frequencies are used for sending emergency messages.

Consider the difference between متناوب and پیوسته (pivaste - continuous). If you say a pump works پیوسته, it never stops. If it works متناوب, it has built-in breaks. This distinction is vital in engineering and medical prescriptions.

Sentence Structure Tip: When using it with a verb, place the adverbial form right before the verb for emphasis: 'او متناوباً مطالعه می‌کند' (He studies intermittently/periodically).

رشد متناوب اقتصاد در این دهه، باعث نگرانی سرمایه‌گذاران شده است.

The intermittent growth of the economy in this decade has caused concern among investors.

While متناوب might seem like a 'bookish' word, you will hear it surprisingly often in modern Iranian life, especially as health and technology trends gain popularity. If you tune into an Iranian news broadcast or a science podcast, this word is a staple.

On the News: Weather reporters frequently use it: 'شاهد بارش‌های متناوب در نواحی شمالی خواهیم بود' (We will witness intermittent showers in northern regions).
In the Gym: Fitness instructors discussing HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) often use the term تمرینات متناوب قدرتی to describe the cycling between high and low intensity.

اخبار اعلام کرد که برق برخی مناطق به صورت متناوب قطع خواهد شد.

The news announced that the electricity in some areas will be cut intermittently.

In the world of technology, Iranian developers and engineers use this word when discussing system logs or recurring errors. If a server goes down and comes back up repeatedly, they might describe the connection as متناوب. It's a precise way to diagnose a problem that isn't a total failure but is still unreliable.

این دارو باید در دوره‌های متناوب مصرف شود تا بهترین نتیجه را بدهد.

This medicine should be taken in intermittent periods to give the best result.

You'll also encounter it in educational settings. A physics teacher in Tehran will use حرکت متناوب to describe periodic motion, like a pendulum. Students learn this word early in their science curriculum, which is why even non-experts understand its technical implications.

استفاده متناوب از زمین‌های کشاورزی، از فرسایش خاک جلوگیری می‌کند.

Intermittent use of agricultural lands prevents soil erosion.

Daily Life Example: If you are visiting a busy bazaar and the noise levels rise and fall as crowds pass, you could describe the noise as صدای متناوب جمعیت.

Learning متناوب involves distinguishing it from several similar-sounding or similar-meaning words. The most common error is confusing it with نامنظم (nā-monazzam).

Mistake 1: Intermittent vs. Chaotic: نامنظم means 'irregular' or 'disorganized.' While متناوب can be irregular, it often implies a repeating cycle. If a heartbeat is 'intermittent' (skipping beats in a pattern), use متناوب. If it's completely random and chaotic, نامنظم is better.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Continuous': Some learners confuse متناوب with متوالی (motavāli - consecutive). 'Motavāli' means one after another without a break (1, 2, 3, 4). 'Motanāveb' means alternating or with breaks (1, break, 2, break).

اشتباه: او پنج روز متناوب کار کرد. (Wrong if you mean 5 days in a row)

Correct: او پنج روز متوالی کار کرد. (He worked for five consecutive days.)

Another nuance is the difference between متناوب and دوره‌ای (dowre-i). While they both relate to periods, دوره‌ای is more about 'seasonal' or 'cyclical' events like a magazine subscription or a yearly festival. متناوب is more 'on-and-off' in a shorter timeframe.

دقت کنید: جریان برق خانه متناوب است، اما اگر مدام قطع شود، می‌گوییم برق نوسان دارد.

Note: Home electricity is 'alternating' (motanāveb), but if it keeps cutting out, we say the power has 'fluctuations' (navasān).

Finally, avoid using متناوب when you simply mean 'sometimes' (گاهی). متناوب is an adjective describing the nature of an action, whereas گاهی is a simple adverb of frequency. Use the former for more formal or technical descriptions of the pattern itself.

To truly master متناوب, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in 'flavor' and register. Depending on whether you're writing a poem, a scientific paper, or chatting with a friend, you might choose a different word.

نوبتی (Nobati): This is the more common, everyday word for 'taking turns.' If you and a friend are sharing a game, you play نوبتی. متناوب would sound too formal here.
دوره‌ای (Dowre-i): Meaning 'periodic' or 'cyclical.' Use this for things that happen in long cycles, like 'periodic checkups' (معاینات دوره‌ای) or 'seasonal magazines' (نشریات دوره‌ای).
گاه‌وبیگاه (Gāh-o-bigāh): Literally 'time and no-time.' This is a more poetic and informal way to say 'at irregular intervals' or 'off and on.' It lacks the scientific precision of متناوب.

مقایسه:
۱. باران متناوب (Intermittent rain - technical/formal)
۲. باران گاه‌وبیگاه (Rain now and then - poetic/informal)

In the context of 'alternating' between two things, you might also use یکی‌درمیان (yeki-dar-miyān). For example, if you are planting flowers and you want one red, one white, one red, one white, you would say you are planting them یکی‌درمیان. متناوب is the more sophisticated version of this concept.

او به جای ورزش سنگین، به پیاده‌روی نوبتی و استراحت می‌پردازد.

Instead of heavy exercise, he engages in taking turns between walking and resting.

In legal or administrative Persian, you might see به‌تناوب (be-tanāvob), which is the adverbial form. For example, 'The members of the committee will serve به‌تناوب (by rotation).' This highlights the 'taking turns' aspect of the word's root.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The word 'Nobat' (turn), which every Persian speaker uses daily for their 'turn' in line, comes from the exact same root as 'motanāveb'.

دليل النطق

UK mo-ta-nā-veb

US moʊ-tə-nɑː-veb

The primary stress is on the last syllable 'veb'.

يتقافى مع

مناسب (monāseb) مراقب (morāqeb) واجب (vājeb) غایب (ghāyeb) جالب (jāleb) غالب (ghāleb) طالب (tāleb) نایب (nāyeb)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'v' as 'w'.
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Confusing 'nā' with a short 'a'.
Missing the 'e' sound before 'b'.
Confusing it with 'motanāseb'.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 4/5

Common in news and science, but requires knowledge of Ezafe.

الكتابة 5/5

Spelling is tricky due to the 't' and 'v' sounds.

التحدث 4/5

Long word, takes practice to flow in a sentence.

الاستماع 3/5

Clear pronunciation usually makes it easy to catch.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

نوبت گاه جریان باران قطع

تعلّم لاحقاً

متوالی نوسان فرکانس مستمر پیوسته

متقدم

دیالکتیک پدیدارشناسی توالی استمرار انقطاع

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Ezafe Construction

جریانِ متناوب (The 'e' sound links the noun and adjective).

Adverb Formation with 'به صورت'

به صورت متناوب (Using a prepositional phrase to create an adverb).

Adverb Formation with Tanvin

متناوباً (Adding 'an' to the end for formal usage).

Pluralization of Adjectives (Rare)

In Persian, adjectives usually don't take plural markers unless they act as nouns.

Word Order

Adjectives like 'متناوب' almost always follow the noun.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

باران گاهی می‌بارد.

Rain falls sometimes.

A1 uses 'گاهی' (sometimes) instead of 'متناوب'.

او یک روز در میان ورزش می‌کند.

He exercises every other day.

'یک روز در میان' is the simple version of 'intermittent'.

چراغ روشن و خاموش می‌شود.

The light turns on and off.

Describing the action rather than using the adjective.

من نوبتی بازی می‌کنم.

I play by taking turns.

'نوبتی' is easier for A1 than 'متناوب'.

او کم‌کم آب می‌خورد.

He drinks water little by little.

Focusing on the frequency.

صدای ماشین می‌آید و می‌رود.

The car sound comes and goes.

Using verbs of motion to show intermittence.

برف قطع شد و دوباره شروع شد.

The snow stopped and started again.

Simple past tense verbs.

ما یکی‌یکی وارد شدیم.

We entered one by one.

Distributive numbers.

روزه متناوب برای سلامتی خوب است.

Intermittent fasting is good for health.

Introducing 'متناوب' in a common phrase.

بارش‌های متناوب در شمال ادامه دارد.

Intermittent showers continue in the north.

Common weather report vocabulary.

صدای متناوب زنگ در مرا بیدار کرد.

The intermittent sound of the doorbell woke me up.

Adjective modifying 'sound'.

او به صورت متناوب کار می‌کند.

He works intermittently.

'به صورت متناوب' acts as an adverb.

چراغ‌های متناوب ماشین پلیس را دیدم.

I saw the alternating lights of the police car.

Describing a visual pattern.

ما باید به صورت متناوب استراحت کنیم.

We should rest intermittently.

Using 'should' (bāyad) with the word.

او پیام‌های متناوب برای من می‌فرستد.

He sends me intermittent messages.

Plural noun with adjective.

حرکت متناوب قطار آرام‌بخش بود.

The intermittent movement of the train was relaxing.

Describing a rhythmic motion.

جریان متناوب برق توسط تسلا اختراع شد.

Alternating Current (AC) was invented by Tesla.

Technical term: جریان متناوب.

بیمار دچار تب متناوب شده است.

The patient has developed an intermittent fever.

Medical context: تب متناوب.

سیستم آبیاری متناوب آب کمتری مصرف می‌کند.

The intermittent irrigation system consumes less water.

Environmental/Technical context.

او در طول شب به طور متناوب بیدار می‌شد.

He woke up intermittently throughout the night.

'به طور متناوب' emphasizing the adverbial nature.

تمرینات متناوب قدرتی چربی‌سوزی را افزایش می‌دهد.

Intermittent strength training increases fat burning.

Fitness terminology.

فرکانس‌های متناوب رادیویی باعث اختلال شدند.

Intermittent radio frequencies caused interference.

Technical/Scientific context.

استفاده متناوب از دارو ضروری است.

Intermittent use of the medicine is necessary.

Formal instruction.

رشد متناوب گیاه نشان‌دهنده کمبود مواد مغذی است.

The intermittent growth of the plant indicates nutrient deficiency.

Scientific observation.

درگیری‌های متناوب مرزی باعث ناامنی شده است.

Intermittent border conflicts have caused insecurity.

Political/News context.

نور متناوب ستاره‌ها در آسمان کویر زیباست.

The intermittent light of the stars in the desert sky is beautiful.

Literary/Descriptive usage.

او به صورت متناوب بین دو شهر سفر می‌کند.

He travels intermittently between two cities.

Describing a lifestyle pattern.

قطع متناوب اینترنت باعث کلافگی کاربران شد.

The intermittent internet disconnection frustrated users.

Modern daily life context.

پژوهشگران بر روی حرکات متناوب زمین مطالعه می‌کنند.

Researchers are studying the intermittent movements of the Earth.

Academic/Scientific context.

صدای متناوب چکش از ساختمان کناری می‌آمد.

The intermittent sound of a hammer came from the building next door.

Detailed auditory description.

او از روش مطالعه متناوب برای کنکور استفاده کرد.

He used the intermittent study method for the entrance exam.

Educational context.

تغییرات متناوب نرخ ارز بر بازار تاثیر گذاشت.

Intermittent fluctuations in the exchange rate affected the market.

Economic context.

تاریخ بشر شاهد دوره‌های متناوب صلح و جنگ بوده است.

Human history has witnessed alternating periods of peace and war.

High-level historical analysis.

ساختار متناوب این شعر، ریتمی خاص به آن بخشیده است.

The alternating structure of this poem has given it a special rhythm.

Literary criticism.

نوسانات متناوب در میدان مغناطیسی زمین ثبت شده است.

Intermittent fluctuations in Earth's magnetic field have been recorded.

Advanced scientific reporting.

سیاست‌های متناوب دولت باعث سردرگمی بخش خصوصی شد.

The government's alternating policies caused confusion in the private sector.

Political and economic commentary.

او با نگاهی متناوب به ساعت و در، منتظر ورود او بود.

With alternating glances at the clock and the door, he awaited her arrival.

Narrative descriptive style.

فرآیند متناوب اکسیداسیون در آزمایشگاه بررسی شد.

The intermittent oxidation process was examined in the laboratory.

Technical chemical terminology.

رویکرد متناوب او به مسائل، نشان از تردید او داشت.

His alternating approach to issues indicated his hesitation.

Psychological/Character analysis.

توالی متناوب فصول، نظم طبیعت را به رخ می‌کشد.

The alternating succession of seasons showcases the order of nature.

Philosophical observation.

دیالکتیک متناوب میان ذهن و عین، بن‌مایه این فلسفه است.

The alternating dialectic between mind and object is the core of this philosophy.

Philosophical jargon.

تجلی متناوب نور و سایه در معماری اصیل ایرانی چشم‌گیر است.

The alternating manifestation of light and shadow in authentic Persian architecture is striking.

Artistic and architectural critique.

تکوین متناوب تمدن‌ها تابعی از متغیرهای بی‌شمار اقلیمی است.

The alternating development of civilizations is a function of numerous climatic variables.

Socio-historical academic language.

واکاوی متناوب داده‌ها، الگوهای پنهان رفتار مصرف‌کننده را فاش کرد.

The intermittent analysis of data revealed hidden patterns of consumer behavior.

Advanced data science context.

سیر متناوب تحولات سیاسی در منطقه، پیش‌بینی آینده را دشوار کرده است.

The alternating course of political developments in the region has made predicting the future difficult.

Geopolitical analysis.

هارمونی متناوب نت‌ها در این سمفونی، حسی از تعلیق ایجاد می‌کند.

The alternating harmony of notes in this symphony creates a sense of suspense.

Musicology and aesthetic analysis.

پدیدارشناسی متناوب آگاهی، موضوع اصلی این رساله دکتری است.

The alternating phenomenology of consciousness is the main subject of this doctoral thesis.

Extremely formal academic terminology.

تنش‌های متناوب در روابط بین‌الملل، ضرورت دیپلماسی را دوچندان می‌کند.

Intermittent tensions in international relations redouble the necessity of diplomacy.

Formal diplomatic language.

تلازمات شائعة

جریان متناوب

روزه متناوب

بارش متناوب

حرکت متناوب

قطع متناوب

تب متناوب

استفاده متناوب

سیستم متناوب

فعالیت متناوب

نور متناوب

العبارات الشائعة

به صورت متناوب

— In an intermittent or alternating manner.

او به صورت متناوب به ورزشگاه می‌رود.

به طور متناوب

— Intermittently (adverbial phrase).

باران به طور متناوب بارید.

فواصل متناوب

— Intermittent intervals.

در فواصل متناوب استراحت کنید.

دوره متناوب

— An alternating period.

یک دوره متناوب از رشد و رکود.

تکرار متناوب

— Intermittent repetition.

تکرار متناوب این صدا آزاردهنده است.

برنامه متناوب

— An intermittent schedule.

او یک برنامه متناوب برای مطالعه دارد.

تغییرات متناوب

— Alternating changes.

تغییرات متناوب آب و هوا.

سیگنال متناوب

— An intermittent signal.

سیگنال متناوب رادیویی دریافت شد.

روش متناوب

— An alternating method.

او روش متناوب را ترجیح می‌دهد.

نوسان متناوب

— Intermittent oscillation.

نوسان متناوب عقربه ساعت.

يُخلط عادةً مع

متناوب vs متوالی

Means 'consecutive' (1,2,3). 'Motanāveb' means 'alternating' (1,0,1).

متناوب vs متناسب

Means 'proportionate' or 'fitting'. Sounds similar but unrelated.

متناوب vs نامنظم

Means 'irregular' or 'chaotic'. 'Motanāveb' implies a pattern of breaks.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"یکی در میان"

— Every other one; used colloquially for 'alternating'.

چراغ‌ها را یکی در میان روشن کن.

Informal

"گاه و بیگاه"

— Now and then; off and on.

گاه و بیگاه به یاد او می‌افتم.

Poetic

"نوبتی هم که باشد"

— If it's a matter of taking turns (often used before someone's turn).

نوبتی هم که باشد، نوبت من است.

Informal

"کج‌دار و مریز"

— To act with caution or intermittently to keep a balance (idiom for compromise).

با او کج‌دار و مریز رفتار کن.

Literary

"باری به هر جهت"

— In a haphazard or intermittent way (sometimes implies lack of focus).

او باری به هر جهت کار می‌کند.

Informal

"یکی به نعل و یکی به میخ"

— To alternate between two sides (often in a sneaky way).

او همیشه یکی به نعل می‌زند و یکی به میخ.

Colloquial

"روز از نو، روزی از نو"

— Starting over again (implies a repeating cycle).

باز هم شکست خوردیم، روز از نو روزی از نو.

Informal

"چرخ روزگار"

— The wheel of fortune (implies alternating ups and downs).

چرخ روزگار همیشه متناوب می‌گردد.

Literary

"گاهی به نعل، گاهی به میخ"

— To be inconsistent or alternate opinions.

در حرف‌هایش گاهی به نعل می‌زند و گاهی به میخ.

Informal

"دمدمی مزاج"

— Moody; having alternating moods.

او فردی دمدمی مزاج است.

Informal

سهل الخلط

متناوب vs مداوم

Both describe the timing of an action.

Madaum is continuous without stopping. Motanāveb stops and starts.

او مداوم حرف می‌زند (He talks non-stop) vs. او متناوب حرف می‌زند (He talks intermittently).

متناوب vs نوبتی

Both involve 'turns'.

Nobati is usually for people taking turns. Motanāveb is for physical phenomena or schedules.

بازی نوبتی (Taking turns in a game).

متناوب vs دوره‌ای

Both relate to periods of time.

Dowre-i refers to cycles (like seasons). Motanāveb refers to the on-off nature.

مجله دوره‌ای (Periodic magazine).

متناوب vs مکرر

Both imply repetition.

Mokarrar means 'repeated many times' (frequent). Motanāveb emphasizes the 'alternating' pattern.

تذکرات مکرر (Repeated warnings).

متناوب vs گاه‌وبیگاه

Both mean 'at times'.

Gāh-o-bigāh is poetic and suggests randomness. Motanāveb is technical and suggests a system.

مهمان گاه‌وبیگاه (A guest who drops by whenever).

أنماط الجُمل

[Noun] + [Ezafe] + متناوب + است.

باران متناوب است.

او به صورت متناوب + [Verb].

او به صورت متناوب ورزش می‌کند.

به دلیل + [Noun] + متناوب، ...

به دلیل قطع متناوب برق، یخچال سوخت.

در فواصل + متناوب + [Action].

در فواصل متناوب استراحت کنید.

[Noun] + های + متناوب + [Verb].

درگیری‌های متناوب ادامه یافت.

با رویکردی متناوب به ...

با رویکردی متناوب به مسائل نگریست.

تناوب میان [X] و [Y] ...

تناوب میان شادی و غم در زندگی او مشهود بود.

دیالکتیک متناوب [Noun] ...

دیالکتیک متناوب قدرت و اخلاق.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

تناوب (tanāvob) - Alternation

نوبت (nobat) - Turn/Shift

الأفعال

تناوب داشتن (tanāvob dāshtan) - To alternate

نوبتی کردن (nobati kardan) - To make something take turns

الصفات

متناوب (motanāveb) - Intermittent/Alternating

نوبتی (nobati) - By turns

مرتبط

متوالی (motavāli) - Consecutive

دوره (dowre) - Period

نوسان (navasān) - Fluctuation

تکرار (tekrār) - Repetition

فرکانس (ferkāns) - Frequency

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in specialized fields and news; medium frequency in daily life.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'متناوب' for 'consecutive'. → متوالی
If you worked 3 days in a row, use 'motavāli'. 'Motanāveb' would mean you worked, then didn't, then worked.
Pronouncing it as 'motanāseb'. → متناوب
Motanāseb means 'proportionate'. Mixing these up can change the whole meaning of a sentence.
Using it for random, chaotic events. → نامنظم
Motanāveb implies a recurring pattern. If there's no pattern, use 'nā-monazzam'.
Forgetting the Ezafe. → جریانِ متناوب
In Persian, adjectives must be linked to nouns with the '-e' sound.
Using it for 'sometimes' in casual talk. → گاهی
Saying 'Man motanāveb ghazā mikhoram' sounds like a robot. Just say 'Man gāhi ghazā mikhoram'.

نصائح

Formal Writing

Always use 'متناوب' instead of 'یکی در میان' when writing emails to professors or technical reports.

The AC/DC Trick

Remember AC (Alternating Current) = جریان متناوب. It's the easiest way to lock the word in your memory.

Stress the End

Make sure to emphasize the 'veb' at the end. Persian adjectives usually have stress on the final syllable.

Ezafe Link

Don't forget the 'e' sound (Ezafe) when connecting it to a noun: 'Bāresh-e motanāveb'.

Weather Reports

Watch the Iranian news weather segment. You will hear this word at least once every broadcast.

Diet Talk

If you are in a gym in Tehran, mention 'ruze-ye motanāveb' to sound like a native health enthusiast.

Vs. Motavāli

Remember: Motavāli is a line (1111), Motanāveb is a pattern (1010).

Turn-based

Associate it with 'Nobat'. If it happens in turns, it's 'motanāveb'.

Radio Static

Think of the 'v' in 'motanāveb' as the vibration of a radio signal that comes and goes.

Adverbial Form

Use 'be surat-e motanāveb' for smoother flow in sentences rather than the lone adjective.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'MOTA' (Motor) and 'NAVEB' (Navy). A motor in the navy that keeps starting and stopping: 'Motanāveb'.

ربط بصري

Visualize a lighthouse beam spinning. Light, dark, light, dark. This visual 'on-off' pattern is the heart of the word.

Word Web

برق (Electricity) روزه (Fasting) باران (Rain) نوبت (Turn) پریودیک (Periodic) نوسان (Fluctuation) فرکانس (Frequency) قطع و وصل (Off and On)

تحدٍّ

Try to describe your weekly workout or study schedule using 'به صورت متناوب' to a friend.

أصل الكلمة

Rooted in the Arabic word 'تناوب' (tanāwub), which comes from the root 'ن-و-ب' (n-w-b). In Arabic, this root relates to representing someone or taking a turn (like 'nā'ib' - deputy).

المعنى الأصلي: Taking turns or acting as a substitute in a recurring fashion.

Semitic (Arabic) borrowed into Indo-European (Persian).

السياق الثقافي

No specific sensitivities, but using it in very casual settings might make you sound overly formal or like a textbook.

English speakers might use 'intermittent' mostly for rain or technical errors, but in Persian, it is the standard scientific term for 'alternating' current as well.

Scientific textbooks in Iran regarding electromagnetism. Health blogs discussing 'Intermittent Fasting'. News reports on regional 'intermittent conflicts'.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Weather Forecast

بارش‌های متناوب
ابرهای متناوب
وزش باد متناوب
رعد و برق متناوب

Electricity/Physics

جریان متناوب (AC)
ولتاژ متناوب
میدان متناوب
تولید برق متناوب

Health/Diet

رژیم متناوب
روزه متناوب
ورزش متناوب
خواب متناوب

Politics/Conflict

درگیری‌های متناوب
آتش‌بس متناوب
مذاکرات متناوب
بحران‌های متناوب

Technology/Internet

اتصال متناوب
سیگنال متناوب
بروزرسانی متناوب
خطای متناوب

بدايات محادثة

"آیا تا به حال رژیم روزه متناوب را امتحان کرده‌ای؟"

"شنیده‌ام که فردا بارش‌های متناوب برف خواهیم داشت، برنامه سفرت چطور است؟"

"چرا اینترنت این کافه اینقدر متناوب قطع و وصل می‌شود؟"

"تفاوت جریان متناوب و مستقیم را در فیزیک به یاد داری؟"

"به نظر تو تمرینات متناوب بهتر است یا ورزش مداوم؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

درباره یک عادت متناوب در زندگی‌ات بنویس که دوست داری آن را همیشگی کنی.

احساس خود را در روزهایی که باران متناوب می‌بارد توصیف کن.

اگر می‌توانستی جریان متناوب برق را اختراع کنی، چه تغییری در دنیا ایجاد می‌کردی؟

آیا تا به حال در رابطه‌ای بوده‌ای که به صورت متناوب قطع و وصل شود؟ چه تجربه‌ای داشتی؟

نقش تناوب و ریتم را در طبیعت (مثل فصل‌ها) چگونه می‌بینی؟

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Technically yes, but it sounds very strange and overly formal. In a game, you should use 'نوبتی' (nobati). 'Motanāveb' is better for things like electricity or weather.

It is 'جریان متناوب' (jaryān-e motanāveb). This is the standard term used in all physics textbooks and by electricians in Iran.

No, it usually implies a pattern or a cycle of starting and stopping. If something is completely random, use 'تصادفی' (tasādofi) or 'نامنظم' (nā-monazzam).

Yes, 'روزه متناوب' (ruze-ye motanāveb) is the exact term used in Persian health and fitness circles for intermittent fasting.

You can use the phrase 'به صورت متناوب' (be surat-e motanāveb) or 'به طور متناوب' (be tor-e motanāveb). In very formal writing, you can use 'متناوباً'.

Yes, but less frequently than 'گاه و بیگاه'. When used in poetry, it often describes the alternating states of the heart or the cycle of day and night.

The most direct opposites are 'پیوسته' (pivaste) or 'مداوم' (modām), both of which mean 'continuous' or 'without break'.

Yes, 'ضربان متناوب قلب' (intermittent heartbeat) is a correct medical description for a heart that skips beats in a pattern.

It's not as common as 'گاهی', but most Iranians will understand it perfectly, especially when talking about electricity, weather, or health.

It comes from the Arabic root 'N-W-B', which means to take a turn. This is the same root as 'Nobat' (turn) and 'Nāyeb' (deputy/representative).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات