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B1 verb #2,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 4 دقيقة للقراءة

سرد کردن

sard kardan الأكثر شيوعاً #2,000

At the A1 level, 'سرد کردن' (sard kardan) is introduced as a basic action verb related to food and drink. Learners focus on the most literal meaning: making something cold. You might use it when talking about cooling down a hot cup of tea or putting water in the fridge. The grammar is kept simple, usually in the present or past tense with direct objects like 'water' (آب) or 'food' (غذا). At this stage, the goal is to distinguish it from 'sard' (the adjective) and understand that it requires an action. For example, 'I cool the tea' (من چای را سرد می‌کنم). It is a vital part of basic kitchen vocabulary and daily routines.

At the A2 level, the usage of 'سرد کردن' expands to include weather-related contexts and basic mechanical actions. Learners start to understand the difference between 'sard kardan' (transitive) and 'sard shodan' (intransitive). You might hear it in the context of using an air conditioner (کولر) or a fan (پنکه) to cool a room. The concept of 'cooling down' after physical activity might also be introduced. Phrases like 'cool the room' or 'cool the car engine' become part of the learner's repertoire. The focus is on expanding the range of objects that can be cooled and using the verb in more varied tenses like the future or imperative.

At the B1 level, learners begin to explore the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'سرد کردن'. This is where the verb moves beyond physical temperature. You will learn how it can describe emotional states, such as 'cooling someone's heart' (discouraging them). In a B1 context, you might discuss how a bad experience 'cooled' your interest in a hobby. The grammatical complexity increases, involving the use of the subjunctive mood ('I want to cool...') and more complex sentence structures. You also start to differentiate between 'sard kardan' and 'khonak kardan' (to make cool/pleasant), understanding the nuances of intensity and intent.

At the B2 level, 'سرد کردن' is used in more technical, social, and literary contexts. You might encounter it in scientific descriptions of thermal processes or in news reports about industrial cooling systems. Socially, it describes nuanced interactions, like intentionally 'cooling' a relationship or a tense atmosphere. Learners are expected to use the verb accurately in all tenses and moods, including passive constructions and formal variants like 'sard nemudan'. You will also learn more complex idioms and proverbs that incorporate the concept of cooling, reflecting a deeper understanding of Persian cultural metaphors.

At the C1 level, the verb 'سرد کردن' is used with high precision and stylistic variety. It appears in sophisticated literature and academic writing to describe abstract concepts like the 'cooling' of political relations between nations or the 'cooling' of economic growth. The learner can use the verb to convey subtle emotional shifts in creative writing. You will also be familiar with archaic or poetic uses of the word. At this level, the focus is on the perfect integration of the verb into complex rhetorical structures, using it to create vivid imagery or precise technical explanations without hesitation.

At the C2 level, 'سرد کردن' is mastered in all its philosophical and historical dimensions. You can analyze its use in classical Persian poetry, where 'cooling' might represent anything from the loss of divine fervor to the calming of worldly desires. The user can effortlessly switch between colloquial, formal, and highly specialized registers. You understand the etymological roots and how the concept of 'cooling' has evolved in the Persian language over centuries. At this stage, the verb is not just a word but a tool for expressing complex, multi-layered ideas about thermodynamics, psychology, and social dynamics with native-like fluency.

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

سرد کردن في 30 ثانية

Sard kardan means 'to cool down' (transitive). It is used for food, machines, and even human emotions or social atmospheres.
It is a compound verb: 'sard' (cold) + 'kardan' (to do). The verb 'kardan' conjugates while 'sard' stays the same.
Metaphorically, it means to discourage someone or dampen their enthusiasm. It is common in both daily talk and literature.
Do not confuse it with 'sard shodan' (to become cold), which is used when something cools down by itself.

The Persian compound verb سرد کردن (sard kardan) is a fundamental expression used to describe the act of lowering the temperature of an object, environment, or even an emotional state. At its core, it combines the adjective 'sard' (cold) with the light verb 'kardan' (to do/make), creating a transitive action. This means there is always an agent performing the cooling and an object being cooled. In physical contexts, it is the primary way to talk about refrigeration, blowing on hot food, or the mechanical process of a radiator. However, its utility extends far beyond the physical realm into the psychological and social spheres of Persian life.

Physical Cooling: The most literal use involves reducing heat. For example, using a fan to cool a room or putting a drink in the fridge.

مادر بزرگ چای را با نعلبکی سرد کرد.

Grandmother cooled the tea using a saucer.

Emotional Discouragement: Metaphorically, it refers to dampening someone's enthusiasm or making them lose interest in a project or person.

حرف‌های ناامیدکننده او مرا از ادامه کار سرد کرد.

Athletic Context: Just like in English, it is used for the 'cool down' phase after exercise to prevent injury.

بعد از دویدن، حتماً بدن خود را سرد کنید.

کولر هوا را خیلی سریع سرد می‌کند.

باید موتور ماشین را قبل از تعمیر سرد کرد.

Using سرد کردن correctly requires an understanding of compound verb conjugation in Persian. The word 'sard' remains static, while the verb 'kardan' changes based on tense, person, and number. Because it is a transitive verb, it often takes the object marker 'rā' (را) when the object is definite. In the present tense, the stem of 'kardan' is 'kon', and in the past, it is 'kard'.

Present Continuous: I am cooling: دارم سرد می‌کنم. This is common when describing an ongoing action in the kitchen or gym.

دارم سوپ را برای بچه‌ها سرد می‌کنم.

Imperative Form: Cool it!: سرد کن! or سرد کنید! Used in recipes or instructions.

لطفاً قبل از سرو، دسر را در یخچال سرد کنید.

Subjunctive Mood: That I cool: سرد کنم. Used after verbs like 'want' or 'must'.

باید این آهن گداخته را در آب سرد کنیم.

او سعی کرد فضای جلسه را با شوخی سرد کند.

آیا می‌توانید این نوشیدنی را کمی سرد کنید؟

You will encounter سرد کردن in various daily scenarios, from the mundane to the professional. In an Iranian household, it's often heard in the kitchen. Persian cuisine involves many hot stews and teas, and ensuring they are at a palatable temperature is a constant task. In a professional setting, such as a laboratory or a factory, it refers to controlled thermal reduction.

In the Kitchen: Mothers often tell children to wait for food to cool down or ask someone to cool the milk for a baby.

شیر را در ظرف آب یخ سرد کردیم.

At the Gym: Fitness instructors emphasize the 'cool down' period to lower the heart rate safely.

مربی گفت: حالا وقت آن است که بدنمان را سرد کنیم.

In Relationships: It is used to describe the intentional distancing between two people.

رفتار سرد او، مرا از این دوستی سرد کرد.

سیستم تهویه مطبوع سالن را به خوبی سرد می‌کند.

آیا باید نان را قبل از بسته‌بندی سرد کرد؟

The most frequent error learners make with سرد کردن is confusing it with its intransitive counterpart, سرد شدن (sard shodan). In Persian, 'kardan' implies an external force or person is doing the action, while 'shodan' implies the subject is undergoing the change naturally or by itself.

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Wrong: هوا سرد کرد (The weather cooled - transitive). Right: هوا سرد شد (The weather became cold - intransitive).

من چای را سرد کردم (I cooled the tea) vs. چای سرد شد (The tea got cold).

Misusing 'Khonak Kardan': While 'khonak kardan' means to make 'cool' (pleasant), 'sard kardan' can imply making something 'cold' (potentially unpleasant or extreme).

اشتباه: او بستنی را سرد کرد (He cooled the ice cream - it's already cold!).

نباید با انتقادهای تند، دیگران را از کار سرد کرد.

او سعی کرد با پنکه اتاق را سرد کند.

آیا می‌توانی آب را برای من سرد کنی؟

Persian has several verbs related to temperature reduction, each with a specific nuance. Understanding these helps in choosing the most natural word for the context.

خنک کردن (Khonak Kardan): To make 'cool'. This is often used for pleasant temperatures, like a breeze or a refreshing drink. 'Sard kardan' is more neutral or can mean very cold.

منجمد کردن (Monjamad Kardan): To freeze. This is a technical or formal term for turning something into ice or a solid state through cold.

ما گوشت را در فریزر منجمد کردیم.

یخ کردن (Yakh Kardan): Literally 'to ice', often used colloquially when a person feels extremely cold. 'دست‌هایم یخ کرد' (My hands froze/became ice-cold).

باد ملایم صورت ما را خنک کرد.

او با حرف‌هایش دل مرا سرد کرد.

یخچال مواد غذایی را برای مدت طولانی سرد نگه می‌دارد.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

من چای را سرد می‌کنم.

I cool the tea.

Present continuous usage.

آب را سرد کن.

Cool the water.

Imperative form.

مادر غذا را سرد کرد.

Mother cooled the food.

Simple past tense.

آیا شیر را سرد کردی؟

Did you cool the milk?

Question in past tense.

ما باید آبمیوه را سرد کنیم.

We must cool the juice.

Modal verb 'must' + subjunctive.

او نان را سرد کرد.

He cooled the bread.

Third person singular past.

بچه‌ها سوپ را سرد می‌کنند.

The children are cooling the soup.

Present tense plural.

لطفاً این را سرد کنید.

Please cool this.

Polite imperative.

کولر اتاق را سرد کرد.

The air conditioner cooled the room.

Subject is an appliance.

قبل از تمرین، بدن را گرم و بعد از آن سرد کنید.

Warm up before exercise and cool down after.

Compound verb in athletic context.

او موتور ماشین را با آب سرد کرد.

He cooled the car engine with water.

Instrumental 'with' (bā).

پنکه هوا را سرد نمی‌کند، فقط جابجا می‌کند.

The fan doesn't cool the air, it just moves it.

Negative present tense.

می‌خواهم هندوانه را در حوض سرد کنم.

I want to cool the watermelon in the pool.

Infinitive structure.

آنها سالن را برای مهمانی سرد کردند.

They cooled the hall for the party.

Past tense plural.

آیا یخچال می‌تواند غذا را سریع سرد کند؟

Can the fridge cool the food quickly?

Ability modal 'can'.

او با یخ دستش را سرد کرد.

He cooled his hand with ice.

Medical/First aid context.

رفتار بد او، مرا از ادامه پروژه سرد کرد.

His bad behavior discouraged me from continuing the project.

Metaphorical use (discourage).

باید قبل از تعویض قطعه، دستگاه را کاملاً سرد کرد.

The machine must be completely cooled before replacing the part.

Passive-like impersonal construction.

او سعی کرد با شوخی، فضای سنگین جلسه را سرد کند.

He tried to cool the heavy atmosphere of the meeting with a joke.

Social context: 'cooling' tension.

شکست‌های پی‌درپی او را از ورزش سرد کرده است.

Repeated failures have discouraged him from sports.

Present perfect tense.

این مایع مخصوص، فلزات را به سرعت سرد می‌کند.

This special liquid cools metals rapidly.

Technical/Scientific context.

مادر سعی می‌کرد با حرف‌هایش خشم پدر را سرد کند.

Mother tried to cool father's anger with her words.

Emotional regulation context.

اگر چای را زیاد سرد کنی، دیگر خوشمزه نیست.

If you cool the tea too much, it's no longer tasty.

Conditional sentence.

آنها با این کار، اشتیاق جوانان را سرد کردند.

With this action, they dampened the enthusiasm of the youth.

Abstract object (enthusiasm).

سیستم‌های خنک‌کننده پیشرفته، قلب رآکتور را سرد می‌کنند.

Advanced cooling systems cool the reactor core.

Complex subject and technical terms.

او با بی‌تفاوتی خود، رابطه صمیمی‌شان را سرد کرد.

With his indifference, he cooled their intimate relationship.

Interpersonal dynamics.

دولت سعی دارد با سیاست‌های جدید، بازار مسکن را سرد کند.

The government is trying to cool the housing market with new policies.

Economic metaphor.

این فرآیند شیمیایی گرما را جذب کرده و محیط را سرد می‌کند.

This chemical process absorbs heat and cools the environment.

Scientific explanation.

نباید اجازه دهیم مشکلات کوچک، کانون خانواده را سرد کند.

We shouldn't let small problems cool the family hearth.

Cultural metaphor 'family hearth'.

او با یک حرکت حرفه‌ای، تب تند بازی را سرد کرد.

With a professional move, he cooled the intense fever of the game.

Sports metaphor.

منتقدان با نقدهای تند خود، بازار فروش کتاب را سرد کردند.

Critics cooled the book market with their harsh reviews.

Market influence context.

آیا می‌توان با این روش، زمین را از گرمایش جهانی سرد کرد؟

Can the Earth be cooled from global warming using this method?

Environmental/Global context.

نویسنده با توصیفات دقیق، فضای داستان را به تدریج سرد و بی‌روح کرد.

The author gradually made the story's atmosphere cold and soulless with precise descriptions.

Literary analysis.

تجربیات تلخ گذشته، نگاه او را به زندگی سرد کرده بود.

Bitter past experiences had cooled his outlook on life.

Past perfect tense / Abstract outlook.

دیپلماسی فعال توانست تنش‌های مرزی را سرد و مهار کند.

Active diplomacy was able to cool and contain border tensions.

Political/Diplomatic context.

او با مهارتی بی‌نظیر، غلیان احساسات جمعیت را سرد کرد.

With unparalleled skill, he cooled the bubbling emotions of the crowd.

Sophisticated vocabulary (ghalayān).

علم نانو راهکارهای جدیدی برای سرد کردن مدارهای الکترونیکی ارائه می‌دهد.

Nanoscience offers new solutions for cooling electronic circuits.

Academic/Technological context.

این واقعه تاریخی، روابط دو کشور را برای دهه‌ها سرد کرد.

This historical event cooled the relations between the two countries for decades.

Historical/Long-term impact.

او می‌خواست با سکوتش، آتش کینه را در دل رقیب سرد کند.

He wanted to cool the fire of resentment in his rival's heart with his silence.

Poetic/Metaphorical contrast (fire/cold).

سرمایه‌گذاران با خروج ناگهانی سرمایه، تنور اقتصاد را سرد کردند.

Investors cooled the economic furnace by suddenly withdrawing capital.

Advanced economic idiom (tanur-e eghtesād).

در متون عرفانی، ریاضت راهی برای سرد کردن خواهش‌های نفسانی است.

In mystical texts, asceticism is a way to cool carnal desires.

Philosophical/Mystical context.

او با بیانی فیلسوفانه، هیجانات کاذب جامعه را سرد و به تفکر واداشت.

With a philosophical expression, he cooled the society's false excitements and forced them to think.

High-level social commentary.

انجماد فکری می‌تواند پویایی یک تمدن را سرد و متوقف سازد.

Intellectual freezing can cool and halt the dynamism of a civilization.

Abstract historical philosophy.

شاعر با استفاده از واژگان 'برف' و 'سنگ'، عواطف مخاطب را سرد می‌کند.

The poet cools the audience's emotions by using the words 'snow' and 'stone'.

Literary criticism.

آیا تکنولوژی می‌تواند حرارت هستی را در مقیاس کیهانی سرد کند؟

Can technology cool the heat of existence on a cosmic scale?

Speculative science/Philosophy.

او با نگاهی از سر سیری، ولع اطرافیان را برای قدرت سرد کرد.

With a look of satiety, he cooled the greed of those around him for power.

Nuanced psychological state.

فرآیند ترمودینامیکی در این سطح، مفهوم سرد کردن را به چالش می‌کشد.

The thermodynamic process at this level challenges the concept of cooling.

Highly technical/Academic.

سیاستمدار کهنه‌کار با ذکاوت، دیگ جوشان سیاست را سرد کرد.

The veteran politician cleverly cooled the boiling pot of politics.

Advanced political metaphor.

تلازمات شائعة

غذا را سرد کردن

چای را سرد کردن

موتور را سرد کردن

هوا را سرد کردن

بدن را سرد کردن

رابطه را سرد کردن

بازار را سرد کردن

دل کسی را سرد کردن

فضا را سرد کردن

آب را سرد کردن

العبارات الشائعة

خودت را سرد کن

باید این را سرد کنیم

سردش نکن

چطور سردش کنم؟

سریع سرد کردن

کمی سرد کردن

با یخ سرد کردن

در یخچال سرد کردن

از کار سرد کردن

از زندگی سرد کردن

يُخلط عادةً مع

سرد کردن vs سرد شدن

Intransitive (to become cold) vs Transitive (to make cold).

سرد کردن vs خنک کردن

To make pleasantly cool vs To make cold.

سرد کردن vs منجمد کردن

To freeze vs To cool.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

سهل الخلط

سرد کردن vs

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

formal

Use 'sard nemudan' in documents.

physical

Standard word for lowering temperature.

emotional

Can mean to discourage or to lose interest.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'sard kardan' for weather (should be sard shodan).
Forgetting the object marker 'rā' with definite objects.
Confusing 'sard kardan' with 'khonak kardan' in pleasant contexts.
Using 'sard kardan' when you mean 'to freeze' (monjamad kardan).
Misconjugating the present stem (using 'sard kar' instead of 'sard kon').

نصائح

Watch the 'rā'

Since sard kardan is transitive, don't forget the 'rā' if the object is specific. 'Chāy rā sard kardam' is more common than 'Chāy sard kardam'.

Khonak vs Sard

Use 'khonak' for pleasant things like a summer breeze. Use 'sard' for things that should be cold, like a fridge or a car radiator.

Emotional Nuance

Be careful when using it about people. Saying someone 'cooled' a relationship is a serious observation about their lack of warmth.

Recipe Tip

In Persian recipes, you will often see 'begozārid sard shavad' (let it cool down) rather than 'sard kardan', as it's a natural process.

The 'D' Sound

Make sure the 'd' in 'sard' is soft and dental, not hard like the English 'd'. It should flow into the 'k' of 'kardan'.

Compound Verb Logic

Remember that only the 'kardan' part changes. Never add prefixes or suffixes to 'sard' itself when using it as a verb.

Opposites

Always learn 'sard kardan' alongside 'garm kardan' (to warm up). They are used in identical grammatical structures.

Transitive Check

If there is no 'who' doing the cooling, you probably need 'sard shodan' instead.

Heart Cooling

The phrase 'del-am sard shod' is a powerful way to say you've lost your passion for something.

Industrial Use

In engineering, 'sard kardan' is used for cooling systems in engines, computers, and factories.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

Serving food at the right temperature is a sign of respect.

Using a saucer to cool tea is a traditional practice.

Balancing temperaments (Mizaj) is crucial.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"چطور می‌توانیم این اتاق را سریع‌تر سرد کنیم؟"

"آیا این حرف او تو را از ادامه کار سرد کرد؟"

"بهترین راه برای سرد کردن بدن بعد از ورزش چیست؟"

"چرا یخچال غذا را به خوبی سرد نمی‌کند؟"

"آیا باید قبل از خوردن، سوپ را برای بچه سرد کنم؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about a time someone 'cooled' your enthusiasm for a project.

Describe your favorite way to cool down on a hot summer day in Iran.

Explain the steps you take to cool down after a heavy workout.

Discuss how technology has changed the way we cool our homes.

Reflect on a relationship that 'cooled down' over time and why.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Sard kardan means to make something cold, which can be neutral or even unpleasant. Khonak kardan means to make something pleasantly cool, like a refreshing breeze or a drink on a hot day. You use khonak kardan when the result is intended to be enjoyable.

No, you cannot say 'The weather cooled the day' using sard kardan unless you are talking about a specific phenomenon like a storm. Usually, you say 'Hava sard shod' (The weather became cold). Sard kardan requires an agent.

You use 'sard kardan'. For example: 'Badan-at rā sard kon' (Cool down your body). It is the standard term used by coaches and athletes in Iran.

Yes, it is very common. 'Rābete-shun sard shod' means their relationship became cold, but 'Rahtār-e u rābete rā sard kard' means his behavior made the relationship cold.

The present stem is 'sard kon'. You use this to form the present tense (sard mi-kon-am) and the imperative (sard kon).

You can say 'Marā (az kār) sard nakon'. This literally means 'Don't cool me from the work'.

Yes, in formal or academic writing, 'sard nemudan' is often used instead of 'sard kardan'.

Not really. For freezing, 'monjamad kardan' or 'yakh zadan' is better. Sard kardan just means lowering the temperature, not necessarily to the point of freezing.

It means to discourage someone or make them lose heart/interest in something.

It follows the standard pattern for 'kardan': sard kardam, sard kardi, sard kard, sard kardim, sard kardid, sard kardand.