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B1 verb محايد #5,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 3 دقيقة للقراءة

推理する

suiri suru súíꜜsúrú
تدرّب عليها ملاحظات ونصائح

Overview

The Japanese word '推理する' (suiri suru) is a versatile verb that translates primarily to 'to reason,' 'to infer,' or 'to deduce.' It's often used in contexts where logical thinking, analysis, and drawing conclusions from available information are involved. The 'する' (suru) at the end indicates that it's a 'suru' verb, meaning it can be used with the noun '推理' (suiri) to form a verb. '推理' itself means 'reasoning,' 'inference,' or 'deduction.'

'推理する' is commonly encountered in detective stories, mysteries, and academic discussions where a logical process is central to understanding or solving a problem. For example, a detective might '推理する' the culprit based on clues, or a scientist might '推理する' a theory from experimental data.

Let's break down its nuances:

  1. 1To Reason: This is the most direct translation. It implies a systematic and logical process of thought to arrive at a conclusion. When you '推理する,' you are actively engaging your mind to connect ideas, analyze facts, and build a coherent understanding.
  • Example: 探偵は証拠から犯人を推理した。(Tantei wa shōko kara hannin o suiri shita.) - The detective reasoned the culprit from the evidence.
  1. 1To Infer: This emphasizes drawing a conclusion based on indirect evidence or implications. You don't have all the facts explicitly stated, but you can gather enough information to make an educated guess or logical assumption.
  • Example: 彼の表情から、彼は何か隠していると推理した。(Kare no hyōjō kara, kare wa nanika kakushiteiru to suiri shita.) - From his expression, I inferred that he was hiding something.
  1. 1To Deduce: Similar to 'to infer,' but often implies a more rigorous and certain conclusion derived from established principles or facts. It's about moving from general truths to specific conclusions.
  • Example: 論理的に推理すると、Aが正解だ。(Ronriteki ni suiri suru to, A ga seikai da.) - If you deduce logically, A is the correct answer.

Conjugation:

As a 'suru' verb, '推理する' follows the regular conjugation patterns for 'suru' verbs:

  • Dictionary form: 推理する (suiri suru)
  • Masu form: 推理します (suiri shimasu)
  • Te form: 推理して (suiri shite)
  • Past tense: 推理した (suiri shita)
  • Negative form: 推理しない (suiri shinai)

Related terms and distinctions:

  • 考える (kangaeru): To think, to consider. '考える' is a broader term for mental activity. '推理する' is a more specific type of thinking that involves logical deduction.
  • 推測する (suisoku suru): To guess, to speculate, to surmise. While similar to 'infer,' '推測する' can imply a less rigorous or less evidence-based conclusion. '推理する' often suggests a more logical and reasoned process.
  • 分析する (bunseki suru): To analyze. '分析する' is about breaking down information into its components, which is often a preliminary step to '推理する.'

In summary, '推理する' is a key term for expressing the act of logical reasoning and deduction in Japanese, particularly when arriving at conclusions from available information or evidence.

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تلازمات شائعة

推理小説
推理力
状況を推理する
犯人を推理する

يُخلط عادةً مع

推理する مقابل 推量する
Both mean 'to infer,' but 推理する (suiri suru) implies a more active, logical deduction process, like solving a mystery. 推量する (suryou suru) is a broader term for guessing or estimating based on available information, without the same emphasis on logical steps.
推理する مقابل 考察する
推理する (suiri suru) focuses on deducing a conclusion from premises. 考察する (kousatsu suru) means 'to consider' or 'to examine,' implying a broader analysis and thought process without necessarily aiming for a definitive deductive conclusion.

أنماط نحوية

Noun + が + 推理する (e.g., 探偵が推理する - The detective reasons/infers) ～と + 推理する (e.g., 犯人は彼だと推理する - To infer that the culprit is him) 状況から + 推理する (e.g., 状況から真相を推理する - To infer the truth from the situation)

كيفية الاستخدام

ملاحظات الاستخدام

When using '推理する,' it's typically applied to situations where one gathers information, analyzes clues, and then logically concludes. It's often used with a direct object indicating what is being reasoned about, for example, 「事件を推理する」 (jiken o suiri suru - to reason about the case) or 「犯人を推理する」 (hannin o suiri suru - to infer the culprit). The verb is a suru-verb, meaning it combines with 'する' (suru - to do) to form a verb. The noun form, '推理' (suiri), can be used independently to refer to the act of reasoning or a deduction itself, as in 「彼の推理は正確だ」 (kare no suiri wa seikaku da - his deduction is accurate). It's distinct from simpler forms of thinking or guessing, implying a more structured and evidence-based approach.

أخطاء شائعة

A common mistake is confusing '推理する' (to reason/infer) with verbs like '考える' (kangaeru - to think) or '分析する' (bunseki suru - to analyze). While related, '推理する' specifically implies the process of drawing conclusions from evidence or information, often in a deductive or inductive manner. '考える' is a broader term for mental activity, and '分析する' is about breaking something down into its parts to understand it. Another mistake might be using it in situations where a simpler verb like 'わかる' (wakaru - to understand) would be more appropriate if the understanding is direct rather than inferred.

نصائح

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Usage Contexts of '推理する' (Suiri suru)

'推理する' (Suiri suru) primarily means 'to reason,' 'to infer,' or 'to deduce.' It's often used in contexts where logical thought is applied to reach a conclusion based on available evidence or information. Think of detectives solving a mystery, scientists drawing conclusions from data, or even everyday situations where you're trying to figure something out. Here are some common scenarios: * **Detective Work/Mysteries:** This is perhaps the most iconic use. A detective '推理する' to identify a culprit or understand a crime. (例: 探偵は証拠から犯人を**推理する**。 - The detective **infers** the culprit from the evidence.) * **Problem Solving:** When faced with a problem, you '推理する' to find a solution. (例: 彼は難しい問題を論理的に**推理した**。 - He logically **reasoned through** the difficult problem.) * **Making Guesses/Hypotheses:** Sometimes it's used when making an educated guess or forming a hypothesis based on observations. (例: 彼女は彼の行動から彼の気持ちを**推理した**。 - She **inferred** his feelings from his actions.) It implies a process of careful thought and analysis, rather than just a wild guess. The nuance is about using available clues to arrive at a probable answer.
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Common Pitfalls & Nuances

While '推理する' seems straightforward, there are a few nuances to be aware of: 1. **Not Just 'Guessing':** It's important to differentiate '推理する' from simply 'guessing' (推測する - suisoku suru or 当てる - ateru). '推理する' implies a more structured, logical process of deduction based on evidence. '推測する' can be a more casual guess without as much rigorous thought. * Example: 犯人を**推測する** (to guess the culprit) vs. 証拠から犯人を**推理する** (to infer the culprit from evidence). 2. **Formal vs. Informal:** While used in everyday conversation, '推理する' often carries a slightly more formal or intellectual tone, especially in written contexts like novels or academic papers. In very casual conversations, people might use simpler phrases like '考える' (kangaeru - to think) or 'わかる' (wakaru - to understand) if the deduction is simple. 3. **Focus on the Process:** The verb emphasizes the *act* of reasoning or inferring. The result of the reasoning is often expressed separately or implied. 4. **No Direct Object (often):** While you can say '〜を推理する' (to infer X), it's also common to use it with particles like '〜から推理する' (to infer *from* X) or '〜と推理する' (to infer *that* X), highlighting the source of the inference or the inferred content. * 例: 彼女は彼の表情から彼の意図を**推理した**。 (She **inferred** his intention from his expression.) * 例: 状況から彼が嘘をついていると**推理した**。 (From the situation, I **inferred** that he was lying.)
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Similar Expressions & Synonyms

Understanding related terms can help you choose the best word for your context: 1. **推測する (Suisoku suru):** To guess, to surmise, to conjecture. This is broader than '推理する' and can include less evidence-based or more speculative guesses. * '彼の成功は努力の結果だと**推測する**。' (I **surmise** his success is a result of his efforts.) - This is a reasonable guess, but might not involve as much deductive reasoning as '推理する.' 2. **分析する (Bunseki suru):** To analyze. This focuses on breaking down information into components to understand its structure or nature. '推理する' often *follows* analysis. * 'データを**分析して**、次の行動を**推理する**。' (After **analyzing** the data, I **infer** the next course of action.) 3. **洞察する (Dōsatsu suru):** To gain insight, to perceive deeply. This implies a deeper, more intuitive understanding, often of underlying truths or motives. * '彼の言葉の裏に隠された意味を**洞察する**。' (To **gain insight** into the hidden meaning behind his words.) - While related to understanding, it's less about step-by-step logical deduction. 4. **解読する (Kaidoku suru):** To decipher, to decode. This is used specifically when breaking a code, interpreting a difficult text, or understanding something obscure. * '古代の文字を**解読する**。' (To **decipher** ancient script.) Choose '推理する' when you want to emphasize the logical process of drawing conclusions from evidence or reasoning through a problem. For more general guessing, use '推測する'; for deep understanding, '洞察する'; and for breaking down information, '分析する'.

أصل الكلمة

The word '推理する' (suiri suru) is a compound of '推理' (suiri) and the verb 'する' (suru), meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. '推理' (suiri) itself is a Sino-Japanese word composed of two kanji: 1. '推' (sui): This kanji has several meanings, including 'to infer', 'to guess', 'to conjecture', 'to push', or 'to recommend'. In the context of '推理', it carries the meaning of 'to infer' or 'to guess' based on available information. 2. '理' (ri): This kanji signifies 'reason', 'logic', 'truth', 'principle', or 'justice'. In the context of '推理', it refers to the logical process or reasoning involved. Therefore, '推理' literally means 'to infer with reason' or 'to conjecture logically'. When combined with 'する' (suru), it forms the verb '推理する', which means 'to reason', 'to infer', or 'to deduce' through a logical process. Historically, the concept of logical inference and reasoning has been present in Japanese thought, often influenced by Buddhist philosophy and classical Chinese scholarship. The term '推理' as a formal concept gained more prominence with the introduction of Western logic and scientific methodology during the Meiji era (1868-1912). Scholars translated Western philosophical and scientific texts, solidifying the use and understanding of terms like '推理' to describe the systematic process of deduction and inference. The etymology of '推理する' thus reflects a blend of ancient linguistic roots emphasizing logical thought ('理') and the act of forming conclusions ('推'), which became standardized and widely used to denote the act of reasoning or inferring, especially in fields like detective work, science, and philosophy.

السياق الثقافي

The Japanese word '推理する' (suiri suru) translates to 'to reason,' 'to infer,' or 'to deduce.' This term is widely used in contexts related to solving mysteries, puzzles, or logical problems, much like in English. It carries a connotation of critical thinking and analytical processes to arrive at a conclusion. In Japanese culture, there's a strong appreciation for meticulousness and careful consideration, which aligns well with the concept of '推理する.' It's a common theme in popular media such as detective stories (探偵小説 - tantei shōsetsu), anime, and manga, where characters are often depicted using their '推理力' (suiri-ryoku), or reasoning power, to unravel complex situations. This cultural prevalence highlights the value placed on intellectual prowess and problem-solving abilities within society.

نصيحة للحفظ

Break down '推理する' (suiri suru) into its components: '推' (sui) means infer/deduce, and '理' (ri) means reason/logic. 'する' (suru) is the verb 'to do'. So, literally, it's 'to do inference/reasoning'. Imagine a detective putting together clues based on logic and inference.

اختبر نفسك

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探偵は事件の真相を（　　　）した。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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彼の行動から、私は彼の意図を（　　　）することができた。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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この複雑なパズルを（　　　）するのは難しい。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:

النتيجة: /3

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