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B1 verb #700 الأكثر شيوعاً 6 دقيقة للقراءة

過ぎる

sugiru الأكثر شيوعاً #700

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 過ぎる في 30 ثانية

الشرح 過ぎる in your Level:

At the A1 level, you will mostly encounter 過ぎる (sugiru) in its simplest form to talk about time or as a basic suffix. You might learn that '3-ji o sugiru' means 'it's past 3 o'clock'. You will also learn the very common phrase 'tabesugiru' (to eat too much) or 'nomisugiru' (to drink too much). At this stage, the focus is on recognizing that when you add 'sugiru' to a verb, it means you did that action more than you should have. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just remember that it's a way to say 'too much'. You might also see it used with simple adjectives like 'atsusugiru' (too hot) or 'samusugiru' (too cold). The key is to remember to drop the 'i' from the adjective before adding 'sugiru'. It's a very useful word for expressing basic physical discomfort or habits.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you begin to use 過ぎる more flexibly as a suffix for both verbs and adjectives. You will learn the conjugation rules more formally: for verbs, use the masu-stem (e.g., 'machisugiru' - to wait too long); for i-adjectives, drop the 'i' (e.g., 'takasugiru' - too expensive); and for na-adjectives, just add it (e.g., 'shizukasugiru' - too quiet). You will also learn how to conjugate the resulting compound verb into the past tense ('tabesugita' - ate too much) or negative form ('tabesuginai' - don't eat too much). You'll start using it to describe your daily life, like saying a movie was 'nagasugita' (too long) or a test was 'muzukashisugiru' (too difficult). You will also understand its use in physical movement, like 'eki o sugiru' (passing the station).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 過ぎる in a wide variety of contexts, including more abstract ones. You will use it to express social nuances, such as 'shinsetsu-sugiru' (too kind) or 'majime-sugiru' (too serious), understanding that 'too much' of a good thing can sometimes be a criticism. You will also learn the special cases for 'ii' (good) and 'nai' (not), which become 'yosasugiru' and 'nasasugiru'. At this level, you can use 過ぎる to explain reasons and results, such as 'I stayed up too late, so I'm tired' (ofukashi-sugite, nemui desu). You will also distinguish between 過ぎる and other similar verbs like 'tooru' (to pass through) and 'koeru' (to exceed), choosing the right one for the situation. Your ability to conjugate 過ぎる into various forms like the 'te-form' for linking sentences becomes important.

At the B2 level, you use 過ぎる with greater precision and in more formal or literary contexts. You might encounter it in news reports describing events that have 'passed' or limits that have been 'exceeded'. You will understand how 過ぎる can be used to create nouns, such as 'ikisugi' (going too far/excess). You'll also be able to use it in more complex grammatical structures, such as '...to itte mo iisugiru de wa nai' (it's not an exaggeration to say...). You will recognize the nuance of 過ぎる in different registers—how it can be used for humor, hyperbole, or polite indirect criticism. You will also be aware of its historical roots and how it appears in classical-style expressions or proverbs. Your understanding of the word's role in the 'mono no aware' aesthetic (the pathos of things passing) will deepen your appreciation of Japanese literature.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, your use of 過ぎる is nuanced and sophisticated. You can use it to discuss complex philosophical or social concepts, such as 'over-urbanization' or 'excessive competition'. You will be familiar with idiomatic expressions and set phrases that use 過ぎる, such as 'sugitaru wa nao oyobazaru ga gotoshi' (too much is as bad as too little). You can use the word to add subtle shades of meaning to your speech, using it to downplay or emphasize points with native-like fluency. You will also understand the subtle difference between 過ぎる and its more formal counterparts like 'kado ni' or 'cho-ka suru' in academic writing. You can analyze how the word functions in different dialects or historical periods, and you can use it effectively in creative writing to evoke specific moods or descriptions of time and space.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over 過ぎる and its myriad uses. You can use it in high-level academic discourse, legal contexts, or classical literary analysis without hesitation. You understand the deepest etymological connections of the word and how its meaning has evolved over centuries. You can use it to create puns, wordplay, or highly specific technical descriptions. You are capable of translating complex English concepts involving 'excess' or 'passage' into the most appropriate Japanese equivalent, whether that is 過ぎる or a more specialized term. You can also appreciate and produce poetry or prose where 過ぎる is used to convey the profound transience of life. Your command of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, allowing you to navigate any social or professional situation in Japan with ease.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

過ぎる في 30 ثانية

Sugiru means 'to pass' a physical point or a point in time, like passing a station or 5 o'clock.
As a suffix, it means 'too much' and attaches to verb stems and adjective roots to show excess.
For i-adjectives, drop the 'i' before adding sugiru; for na-adjectives, just add it directly to the root.
It is an Ichidan verb, meaning it conjugates like 'taberu' (sugiru, sugimasu, sugita, suginai).

The Japanese verb 過ぎる (sugiru) is a multifaceted powerhouse in the Japanese language, functioning both as a standalone verb and a highly productive auxiliary suffix. At its core, the word conveys the concept of 'passing' or 'exceeding' a certain point, whether that point is physical, temporal, or a metaphorical limit of degree. For English speakers, it is most commonly encountered in two distinct ways: first, to describe time passing or moving past a physical location, and second, to indicate that an action or state has gone beyond a reasonable or desirable limit (often translated as 'too much' or 'excessively').

Spatial Movement: When used to describe physical movement, 過ぎる implies moving past a landmark. For example, if you are on a train and you miss your stop because you 'passed' it, you would use this verb. It suggests a trajectory that continues beyond a specific marker.

駅を過ぎるまで寝てしまいました。 (I slept until I passed the station.)

Temporal Passage: In the context of time, it describes the ticking away of minutes, hours, or years. It is frequently used to say that a certain time has already passed, such as 'It is past 3 o'clock' (3時を過ぎている).

In social contexts, 過ぎる is indispensable for expressing regret or observation about overindulgence. Whether you ate too much (食べ過ぎた), drank too much (飲み過ぎた), or a movie was too long (長すぎた), this word provides the grammatical framework to critique or describe intensity that has crossed a threshold. It is a neutral-to-informal word but can be used formally in its polite forms (過ぎます). Understanding its dual nature—as a verb of motion/time and a suffix of degree—is crucial for reaching intermediate proficiency.

Using 過ぎる correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility. When acting as a standalone verb, it follows standard Ichidan (Group 2) conjugation rules. However, its use as an auxiliary verb (suffix) is where most learners spend their time practicing. To attach 過ぎる to a verb, you must use the conjunctive form (masu-stem). For adjectives, the process differs slightly depending on whether the adjective is an i-adjective or a na-adjective.

Verb Attachment: Take the masu-stem of the verb and add 過ぎる. For example, 食べる (taberu) becomes 食べ (tabe) + 過ぎる = 食べ過ぎる (to overeat). 働く (hataraku) becomes 働き (hataraki) + 過ぎる = 働き過ぎる (to overwork).

昨日はお酒を飲み過ぎました。 (I drank too much alcohol yesterday.)

Adjective Attachment: For i-adjectives, drop the final 'i' and add 過ぎる. For example, 高い (takai - expensive) becomes 高すぎ (takasugi). For na-adjectives, simply add 過ぎる to the root. For example, 静か (shizuka - quiet) becomes 静か過ぎる (shizukasugiru).

When 過ぎる is attached to another word, the entire compound functions as an Ichidan verb. This means you can conjugate the 'sugiru' part into past tense (過ぎた), negative (過ぎない), or polite forms (過ぎます) just like any other verb. This allows for complex expressions like 'It wasn't too expensive' (高すぎなかった) or 'Don't work too hard' (働き過ぎないでください).

In daily Japanese life, 過ぎる is ubiquitous. You will hear it in train stations, in casual conversations about health, and in media reviews. It is one of the primary ways Japanese people express a sense of 'too muchness' which is a common topic in a culture that values balance and moderation. Because it can be applied to almost any action or quality, its frequency is incredibly high.

Daily Conversations: Friends often use it to comment on each other's habits. 'You're being too kind' (優しすぎる) or 'That's too funny' (面白すぎる). In these cases, it often carries a positive or hyperbolic nuance, similar to how English speakers say 'That's too good!'

このカレーは辛過ぎるけど、美味しい。 (This curry is too spicy, but delicious.)

Professional Settings: In the workplace, it appears in discussions about deadlines or workloads. 'The deadline has passed' (締め切りを過ぎた) or 'The budget is too high' (予算が高すぎる). It is also used in formal announcements, such as 'The train has passed the bridge' (列車は橋を過ぎました).

You will also encounter 過ぎる in literature and song lyrics to describe the fleeting nature of time or seasons. Phrases like 'The summer has passed' (夏が過ぎた) evoke a sense of nostalgia (mono no aware). In news reports, it is used to describe natural disasters or events that have 'exceeded' historical records, such as 'rainfall exceeding expectations' (予想を過ぎる降雨).

While 過ぎる is grammatically straightforward, English speakers often make mistakes with adjective conjugation and the nuance of 'too much'. In English, 'too' is an adverb that precedes the adjective, but in Japanese, 過ぎる is a suffix that merges with the word. This structural difference is the primary source of errors for beginners.

The 'i' Adjective Trap: The most common mistake is failing to drop the final 'i' of an i-adjective. Learners often say 'atsui-sugiru' instead of the correct 'atsu-sugiru' (too hot). Remember: the 'i' must go!

❌ 寒いい過ぎる (Samui-sugiru)
✅ 寒過ぎる (Samu-sugiru) - Too cold.

Confusing 'Too' with 'Very': In English, 'too' is sometimes used as an intensifier (e.g., 'You're too kind!'). While 過ぎる can be used this way, it often carries a literal meaning of 'excessive' which might sound negative. If you just want to say 'very', use 'totemo' or 'sugoku'.

Another error involves the particle choice when using 過ぎる as a standalone verb. When passing a physical location, the particle 'o' (を) is used to indicate the space being traversed (e.g., 公園を過ぎる - to pass the park). Using 'ni' or 'de' here is a common mistake. Additionally, remember that 過ぎる is an intransitive verb in its primary sense of 'passing', though the suffix version acts on the preceding verb's transitivity.

Japanese has several ways to express 'passing' or 'excess', and choosing the right one depends on the context. 過ぎる is the most versatile, but other words offer more specific nuances that can make your Japanese sound more natural and precise.

過ぎる vs. 通る (Tooru): While both mean 'to pass', 通る (tooru) focuses on the act of going through or along a path (e.g., walking through a gate). 過ぎる (sugiru) focuses on the moment of moving beyond a point. If you are 'passing through' a city, use 通る; if you have 'passed' the city and are now beyond it, use 過ぎる.

この道を通って、学校へ行きます。 (I go to school passing through this road.)

過ぎる vs. 超える (Koeru): 超える (koeru) means 'to exceed' or 'to cross over' (like a mountain or a limit). While 過ぎる is used for time and general excess, 超える is used for physical obstacles or surpassing a numerical record or expectation. If a runner breaks a record, they 'koeru' the record.

Lastly, consider the word 経過する (keika suru) for the passage of time in formal or technical contexts, such as 'three hours have elapsed'. While 過ぎる is perfectly fine for daily life, 経過する adds a level of clinical or official precision often found in reports or news. Understanding these distinctions helps in transitioning from intermediate to advanced Japanese.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji for 'sugiru' (過) contains the 'road' radical (⻌), emphasizing its original meaning of physical movement along a path.

دليل النطق

UK su.ɡi.ɾu

US su.ɡi.ɾu

The pitch accent is 'Heiban' (Flat), meaning the first syllable is low and the rest are high and stay high.

يتقافى مع

Ikiru (to live) Dekiru (can do) Shinjiru (to believe) Tojiru (to close) Kanjiru (to feel) Ochiru (to fall) Kariru (to borrow) Tariru (to be enough)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing the 'r' like an English 'r' (curled tongue).
Making the 'u' in 'su' too long.
Incorrect pitch accent (dropping the pitch on 'ru').
Confusing the 'g' sound with a 'j' sound.
Failing to flap the 'r' correctly.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

The kanji is common but simple. The main difficulty is recognizing it when used as a suffix.

الكتابة 3/5

Conjugating adjectives correctly (dropping the 'i') requires practice.

التحدث 2/5

Very common in speech; once the patterns are learned, it's easy to use.

الاستماع 2/5

Easy to hear, though it can blend into the end of words.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

食べる (taberu) 飲む (nomu) 高い (takai) 時間 (jikan) 駅 (eki)

تعلّم لاحقاً

過ごす (sugosu) 超える (koeru) ～すぎる noun forms 過剰 (kajou) 経過 (keika)

متقدم

穿ち過ぎ (ugatsusugi) 過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し～に過ぎない (nothing more than...) 過失 (kashitsu) 過疎 (kaso)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Masu-stem + sugiru

飲み過ぎる (Drink too much)

i-adjective (root) + sugiru

高すぎる (Too expensive)

na-adjective + sugiru

静か過ぎる (Too quiet)

ii -> yosasugiru

良すぎる (Too good)

nai -> nasasugiru

なさすぎる (Too non-existent)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

3時を過ぎました。

It is past 3 o'clock.

Simple past tense of sugiru.

食べ過ぎました。

I ate too much.

Verb stem + sugiru.

飲み過ぎないでください。

Please don't drink too much.

Negative te-form for request.

このお茶は熱すぎます。

This tea is too hot.

Adjective root + sugiru.

駅を過ぎましたか？

Did we pass the station?

Question form.

テレビを見過ぎました。

I watched too much TV.

Verb stem + sugiru.

今日は寒すぎます。

It is too cold today.

Adjective root + sugiru.

寝過ぎました。

I overslept / slept too much.

Verb stem + sugiru.

昨日は働き過ぎました。

I worked too much yesterday.

Hataraku (masu-stem) + sugiru.

この靴は大きすぎます。

These shoes are too big.

Ookii (root) + sugiru.

テストは難しすぎました。

The test was too difficult.

Muzukashii (root) + sugiru.

彼は話し過ぎます。

He talks too much.

Hanasu (masu-stem) + sugiru.

甘い物を食べ過ぎないようにしています。

I am trying not to eat too many sweets.

Negative form + you ni shite iru.

部屋が静か過ぎて、怖いです。

The room is too quiet, so it's scary.

Na-adjective + sugiru (te-form).

時間が過ぎるのは早いです。

Time passes quickly.

Noun clause with 'no'.

あの角を過ぎたら、右に曲がってください。

After you pass that corner, please turn right.

Conditional 'tara' form.

田中さんは真面目すぎます。

Mr. Tanaka is too serious.

Majime (na-adjective) + sugiru.

この計画は良すぎますね。

This plan is too good (to be true), isn't it?

Ii -> Yosa + sugiru.

お金を使い過ぎてしまいました。

I ended up spending too much money.

Verb stem + sugiru + shimau.

若すぎて、その意味が分かりませんでした。

I was too young to understand that meaning.

Wakai (root) + sugiru (te-form).

期待し過ぎない方がいいですよ。

It's better not to expect too much.

Kitai suru (masu-stem) + sugiru (negative).

冬が過ぎて、春が来ました。

Winter has passed, and spring has come.

Intransitive use for seasons.

彼は自信がありすぎます。

He has too much confidence.

Aru (masu-stem) + sugiru.

締め切りを3日も過ぎてしまいました。

The deadline has already passed by three days.

Temporal passage with 'o'.

その冗談は行き過ぎですよ。

That joke is going too far.

Iku (masu-stem) + sugiru.

彼は慎重すぎて、なかなか決断できません。

He is too cautious and can't make a decision easily.

Shinchou (na-adjective) + sugiru.

都会は刺激が多すぎると感じることがあります。

I sometimes feel that the city has too much stimulation.

Ooi (root) + sugiru.

過去の栄光にすがり過ぎるのは良くない。

It is not good to cling too much to past glory.

Sugaru (masu-stem) + sugiru.

この薬は飲み過ぎると毒になります。

If you take too much of this medicine, it becomes poison.

Conditional 'to' with sugiru.

彼女は美しすぎて、近寄りがたい。

She is so beautiful that she is hard to approach.

Utsukushii (root) + sugiru.

10年という月日が過ぎるのは、あっという間だ。

Ten years pass in the blink of an eye.

Subjective passage of time.

それは言い過ぎではないでしょうか。

Isn't that an exaggeration (saying too much)?

Iu (masu-stem) + sugiru.

現代社会は情報が溢れ過ぎている。

Modern society is overflowing with too much information.

Afureru (masu-stem) + sugiru.

権力を集中させ過ぎることは危険だ。

Concentrating power too much is dangerous.

Shuuchuu saseru (causative masu-stem) + sugiru.

過ぎ去った日々を悔やんでも仕方がない。

There is no use regretting the days that have passed away.

Sugisaru (compound verb) meaning 'to pass away'.

彼の理論はあまりにも理想主義過ぎる。

His theory is far too idealistic.

Noun + sugiru (treated like na-adjective).

その対応は、あまりに不自然過ぎた。

That response was far too unnatural.

Fujizen (na-adjective) + sugiru.

景気が良すぎて、インフレが懸念されている。

The economy is too good, and inflation is being feared.

Ii -> Yosa + sugiru (te-form).

一線を過ぎれば、もう後戻りはできない。

Once you cross the line, there is no turning back.

Metaphorical passage.

あまりに細かすぎる規則は、自由を奪う。

Rules that are too detailed rob people of their freedom.

Komakai (root) + sugiru.

過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し。

Too much is as bad as too little (Proverb).

Classical Japanese structure.

万感胸に迫り、言葉を過ぎる思いがした。

A flood of emotions hit me, a feeling beyond words.

Kotoba o sugiru (beyond words).

その描写は、いささか写実的過ぎるきらいがある。

That description has a tendency to be a bit too realistic.

...sugiru kirai ga aru (tendency to...).

歳月は人を待たず、瞬く間に過ぎ去っていく。

Time waits for no one and passes away in an instant.

Literary expression of time.

自己犠牲も過ぎれば、周囲に負担をかけることになる。

If self-sacrifice goes too far, it ends up burdening those around you.

Abstract concept + sugiru.

その演出は、観客の想像力を限定し過ぎている。

That direction limits the audience's imagination too much.

Gentei suru (masu-stem) + sugiru.

彼は、あまりにも時代を先取りし過ぎていた。

He was far too ahead of his time.

Sakidori suru (masu-stem) + sugiru.

その解釈は、いささか穿ち過ぎではないか。

Isn't that interpretation a bit too far-fetched/probing?

Ugatsu (masu-stem) + sugiru.

تلازمات شائعة

時間を過ぎる

駅を過ぎる

食べ過ぎる

飲み過ぎる

言い過ぎる

やり過ぎる

考え過ぎる

忙しすぎる

高すぎる

早すぎる

العبارات الشائعة

過ぎたことは仕方がない

— What's done is done; there's no use crying over spilled milk.

過ぎたことは仕方がない、前を向こう。

盛り過ぎ

— Exaggerating or over-decorating (often used for makeup or stories).

その話、ちょっと盛り過ぎじゃない？

若気の至り

— A youthful indiscretion (doing something 'too much' because of youth).

あれは若気の至りでした。

行き過ぎた行為

— An excessive or overboard action.

それは行き過ぎた行為として批判された。

度が過ぎる

— To go too far; to be excessive.

彼のいたずらは度が過ぎている。

時が過ぎる

— Time passes.

時が過ぎるのは早いものだ。

盛りを過ぎる

— To be past one's prime.

その花はもう盛りを過ぎている。

身の程を過ぎる

— Beyond one's social standing or abilities.

身の程を過ぎた望みだ。

言葉を過ぎる

— Beyond description; more than words can say.

その美しさは言葉を過ぎる。

過ぎ去る

— To pass away; to go by.

嵐が過ぎ去るのを待つ。

يُخلط عادةً مع

過ぎる vs 通る (tooru)

Tooru is passing through a path; sugiru is passing a point.

過ぎる vs 超える (koeru)

Koeru is surpassing a limit or crossing over; sugiru is more general excess or time.

過ぎる vs 過ごす (sugosu)

Sugosu is to spend time actively; sugiru is time passing by itself.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し"

— Too much is as bad as too little; moderation is key.

健康のためでも、運動のしすぎは良くない。過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如しだ。

Literary/Proverb

"喉元過ぎれば熱さを忘れる"

— Once the danger is past, people forget the pain or the lesson learned.

喉元過ぎれば熱さを忘れるで、彼はまた同じ失敗をした。

Common Idiom

"盛りを過ぎる"

— To be past the peak of beauty, health, or popularity.

あの歌手も、もう盛りを過ぎた感がある。

Neutral

"度が過ぎる"

— To exceed the limits of what is acceptable.

彼の冗談はいつも度が過ぎている。

Neutral

"身に過ぎる"

— Better than one deserves; more than one is worthy of.

身に過ぎる光栄です。

Humble/Formal

"目に余る"

— To be too much to ignore; to be intolerable (related to excess).

彼の態度は目に余るものがある。

Neutral

"過ぎし日の"

— Of days gone by; past.

過ぎし日の思い出を語る。

Literary

"行き過ぎる"

— To go too far (metaphorically).

その批判は行き過ぎている。

Neutral

"言い過ぎる"

— To say too much; to overstate.

それは少し言い過ぎですよ。

Neutral

"やり過ぎる"

— To overdo something.

何事もやり過ぎは良くない。

Neutral

سهل الخلط

過ぎる vs 越す (kosu)

Both mean to pass or exceed.

Kosu is often used for moving house or crossing physical barriers like mountains.

峠を越す。

過ぎる vs 経つ (tatsu)

Both are used for time.

Tatsu is used for the lapse of time (e.g., 3 years have passed); sugiru is for passing a specific point in time.

三時間が経った。

過ぎる vs あまり (amari)

Both mean excess.

Amari is an adverb or noun; sugiru is a verb suffix.

あまり食べない。

過ぎる vs 非常に (hijou ni)

Both can mean 'very'.

Hijou ni is just 'very'; sugiru is 'too much' (excessive).

非常に高い。

過ぎる vs 過度 (kado)

Both mean excessive.

Kado is a formal noun/na-adjective; sugiru is a common verb suffix.

過度なストレス。

أنماط الجُمل

Verb-masu + 過ぎました

食べ過ぎました。

Adj-root + すぎる

この服は大きすぎる。

～過ぎて、～できない

忙しすぎて、休めない。

～過ぎないようにする

甘い物を食べ過ぎないようにする。

～過ぎることはない

注意し過ぎることはない。

～過ぎるのも考えものだ

親切過ぎるのも考えものだ。

～過ぎるきらいがある

彼は楽観的過ぎるきらいがある。

～と言っても言い過ぎではない

天才と言っても言い過ぎではない。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

過ぎ (sugi) - passing/past

行き過ぎ (ikisugi) - excess/going too far

食べ過ぎ (tabesugi) - overeating

飲み過ぎ (nomisugi) - overdrinking

الأفعال

通り過ぎる (toorisugiru) - to pass by

過ぎ去る (sugisaru) - to pass away/elapse

やり過ぎる (yarisugiru) - to overdo

الصفات

過ぎし (sugishi) - past (literary)

過剰な (kajou na) - excessive

مرتبط

過ごす (sugosu) - to spend time

過つ (ayamatsu) - to make a mistake (related kanji)

過去 (kako) - the past

過半数 (kahansuu) - majority

通過 (tsuuka) - passage/transit

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كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Extremely high in both spoken and written Japanese.

أخطاء شائعة

あついい過ぎる (Atsui-sugiru) → あつ過ぎる (Atsu-sugiru)
You must drop the final 'i' of i-adjectives before adding sugiru.
いい過ぎる (Ii-sugiru) → 良すぎる (Yosa-sugiru)
The adjective 'ii' is irregular and becomes 'yosa' before sugiru.
駅に過ぎる (Eki ni sugiru) → 駅を過ぎる (Eki o sugiru)
The particle 'o' is used to indicate the space being passed.
食べます過ぎる (Tabemasu-sugiru) → 食べ過ぎる (Tabe-sugiru)
Use the masu-stem (tabe), not the full masu form.
ない過ぎる (Nai-sugiru) → なさすぎる (Nasa-sugiru)
The negative 'nai' becomes 'nasa' before adding sugiru.

نصائح

Adjective Stem Rule

Always remember to drop the 'i' for i-adjectives. It's 'atsusugiru', not 'atsuisugiru'. This is the #1 mistake learners make.

The Nuance of Excess

In Japan, being 'too much' of something is often viewed skeptically. Even 'too kind' can be seen as suspicious or burdensome.

Modern Hyperbole

Don't be afraid to use 'sugiru' for things you love! 'Kawaisugiru' is a perfectly normal way to react to a cute puppy.

Train Announcements

Listen for 'Tsugi wa [Station], [Station] o sugimasu' to practice hearing the verb in a real-world context.

Te-form for Logic

Use '～過ぎて' to explain the cause of a problem. 'Nomisugite atama ga itai' (I drank too much, so my head hurts).

Compound Verbs

Learn 'toorisugiru' (pass by) as a single unit. It's very common when giving directions.

Pitch Accent

Keep your voice level. 'Su-gi-ru' should not have a big drop in pitch until the very end of the sentence.

The 'Sa' Rule

Memorize 'yosasugiru' and 'nasasugiru' as special exceptions. They appear frequently in tests and daily life.

Indirectness

Use 'sugiru' to politely suggest someone is overdoing it without being too blunt.

Kanji Recognition

The kanji 過 is also used in 'kako' (past) and 'machigai' (mistake). Linking these helps memory.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of a 'Super Gear' (Su-Gi-Ru) that makes a car go 'past' the speed limit or 'too much' fast.

ربط بصري

Imagine a car driving past a 'Stop' sign without stopping. It has 'passed' the sign and 'exceeded' the rules.

Word Web

Time Station Too much Eating Drinking Expensive Past Exceed

تحدٍّ

Try to find five things in your room right now that are 'sugiru' (e.g., too small, too old, too bright) and say them in Japanese.

أصل الكلمة

The word 'sugiru' comes from the Old Japanese verb 'sugu', which meant to pass through or exceed. It has been part of the language since the earliest written records.

المعنى الأصلي: To pass by a place or to exceed a certain limit.

Japonic

السياق الثقافي

Be careful when using 'sugiru' to describe people's traits (e.g., 'majime-sugiru'), as it can be interpreted as a subtle criticism of their personality.

English speakers often use 'too' as a simple intensifier, but in Japanese, 'sugiru' almost always implies that a limit has been crossed, which can sometimes sound more negative than intended.

The proverb 'Sugitaru wa nao oyobazaru ga gotoshi' is attributed to Confucius and is very famous in Japan. The song 'Toki no Sugiyuku mama ni' (As Time Passes By) by Kenji Sawada is a classic J-pop hit. The phrase 'kawaisugiru' is a staple of 'kawaii' culture and anime fandom.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

At a Restaurant

注文し過ぎた (ordered too much)
辛すぎる (too spicy)
お腹がいっぱい過ぎる (too full)
塩辛すぎる (too salty)

Commuting

駅を過ぎる (pass the station)
バスが過ぎた (the bus passed)
予定時間を過ぎる (past scheduled time)
角を過ぎる (pass the corner)

Health and Habits

働き過ぎ (overworking)
寝過ぎ (oversleeping)
飲み過ぎ (overdrinking)
太り過ぎ (being overweight)

Shopping

高すぎる (too expensive)
派手すぎる (too flashy)
大きすぎる (too big)
多すぎる (too many)

Socializing

言い過ぎた (said too much)
優しすぎる (too kind)
面白すぎる (too funny)
真面目すぎる (too serious)

بدايات محادثة

"最近、何かやり過ぎていることはありますか？ (Is there anything you've been doing too much lately?)"

"この料理、ちょっと辛すぎませんか？ (Isn't this dish a bit too spicy?)"

"時間が過ぎるのは早いと思いませんか？ (Don't you think time passes quickly?)"

"昨日は飲み過ぎてしまいましたか？ (Did you drink too much yesterday?)"

"この映画、長すぎると思いませんでしたか？ (Didn't you think this movie was too long?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日、食べ過ぎたり飲み過ぎたりしたものはありますか？その理由も書いてください。 (Did you eat or drink too much of anything today? Write the reason why.)

最近「時間が過ぎるのが早い」と感じた瞬間について詳しく書いてください。 (Write in detail about a moment recently when you felt time passed quickly.)

自分は「真面目すぎる」と思いますか？それとも「適当すぎる」と思いますか？ (Do you think you are 'too serious' or 'too casual'?)

過去に戻れるとしたら、どの「過ぎ去った日」に戻りたいですか？ (If you could go back to the past, which 'past day' would you return to?)

何事も「過ぎる」のは良くないと言われますが、例外はあると思いますか？ (It's said that 'too much' of anything is not good, but do you think there are exceptions?)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Generally, sugiru is used with verbs and adjectives. However, it can be used with some nouns that describe a state or quality, like 'risoushugi-sugiru' (too idealistic). In these cases, it behaves like a na-adjective.

Usually, yes, it implies something has gone beyond a desirable limit. However, in modern slang, it is often used positively as an intensifier, like 'oishisugiru' (so delicious it's crazy).

You must change 'ii' to its 'yosa' form. So it becomes 'yosasugiru'. Never say 'isugiru'.

'Sugiru' is intransitive (time passes), while 'sugosu' is transitive (you spend time).

You can add 'amari ni' before the adjective to emphasize the excess, e.g., 'amari ni takasugiru' (it's far too expensive).

Change 'nai' to 'nasasugiru'. For example, 'yaru-ki ga nasasugiru' (having too little motivation).

It is an Ichidan (Group 2) verb. It conjugates as sugiru, sugimasu, sugita, suginai.

Yes, but be careful. 'Kireisugiru' (too beautiful) is a compliment, but 'majimesugiru' (too serious) can be a criticism.

Use the particle 'o' (を) for the place you are passing, like 'eki o sugiru'.

Use the negative form 'suginai'. For example, 'tabesuginai de' (don't eat too much).

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