When you want to express "to suffer" in Japanese, use the verb 苦しむ (kurushimu). This verb is versatile and can be used in various contexts, from physical pain to emotional distress or even financial hardship. For example, if someone is suffering from an illness, you can say 病気で苦しむ (byouki de kurushimu). It can also describe a difficult situation, like 借金で苦しむ (shakkin de kurushimu), meaning to suffer from debt.
§ Basic Meaning of 苦しむ
The Japanese verb 苦しむ (kurushimu) means "to suffer." It's a versatile verb you'll hear and read often. Think of it as describing a state of enduring pain, hardship, or distress. This suffering can be physical, mental, or even abstract.
- Japanese Word
- 苦しむ (kurushimu)
- Meaning
- To suffer, to be in pain, to be distressed, to have a hard time.
§ Using 苦しむ in Sentences
When you use 苦しむ, it usually follows the thing or situation causing the suffering. Let's look at the common patterns.
§ Suffering from something (particle に)
Often, you'll see 苦しむ used with the particle に (ni) to indicate the cause or source of suffering. This is a very common pattern.
彼は病気に苦しんでいます。
Hint: He is suffering from an illness.
多くの人々が貧困に苦しんでいます。
Hint: Many people are suffering from poverty.
§ Suffering because of (particle で)
Sometimes, you might see 苦しむ with the particle で (de) to indicate the circumstance or reason for suffering.
彼は仕事で苦しんでいます。
Hint: He is suffering with/because of his job.
§ Just stating suffering
Sometimes, you can use 苦しむ without a specific particle if the context is clear, or if you're talking about suffering in a general sense.
他はずっと苦しんでいた。
Hint: He had been suffering for a long time.
§ Conjugation of 苦しむ
苦しむ is a Godan verb (五段動詞), meaning its stem changes depending on the conjugation. Here are some key forms:
- Dictionary Form: 苦しむ (kurushimu) - to suffer
- Masu Form: 苦しみます (kurushimimasu) - to suffer (polite)
- Te Form: 苦しんで (kurushinde) - suffering, having suffered
- Past Tense: 苦しんだ (kurushinda) - suffered
- Negative Form: 苦しまない (kurushimanai) - not suffer
彼は大変苦しんでいました。
Hint: He was suffering greatly.
誰も苦しまない世界を望んでいます。
Hint: We hope for a world where no one suffers.
§ Common phrases with 苦しむ
- 苦しみのたね (kurushimi no tane): Source of suffering/trouble.
- 苦しみを分かち合う (kurushimi o wakachiau): To share one's suffering.
それは私にとって苦しみのたねだった。
Hint: That was a source of suffering for me.
§ What 苦しむ (kurushimu) means
- Definition
- to suffer
You'll hear 苦しむ (kurushimu) when people are talking about difficulties, pain, or distress. It's a versatile verb for suffering, both physically and mentally. It's not a super casual word, but it's very common in various situations.
§ When to use 苦しむ (kurushimu)
This verb comes up in a lot of contexts. Think about situations where someone is having a hard time. That's a good place for 苦しむ. Here are some common uses:
- When someone is in physical pain.
- When someone is struggling with a problem or difficulty.
- When a group or organization is facing hardship.
- When discussing emotional distress.
§ Examples in context
Let's look at some real-world examples. Pay attention to how the word is used in different sentences.
§ In a medical or health context
You'll often hear 苦しむ when talking about illnesses or injuries.
彼は病気でずっと苦しんでいる。
*He has been suffering from illness for a long time.* (彼は: he, 病気で: due to illness, ずっと: all the time)
多くの人が経済的な問題で苦しんでいる。
*Many people are suffering from economic problems.* (多くの人: many people, 経済的な問題で: due to economic problems)
§ In school or work contexts
When someone is struggling with studies or a project, you might hear this word.
彼は数学の宿題で苦しんでいる。
*He is struggling with his math homework.* (彼は: he, 数学の宿題で: with math homework)
その会社は業績不振に苦しんでいる。
*That company is suffering from poor performance.* (その会社: that company, 業績不振に: due to poor performance)
§ In news or general discussions
News reports often use 苦しむ to describe widespread problems or crises.
この地域は干ばつに苦しんでいる。
*This region is suffering from drought.* (この地域: this region, 干ばつに: from drought)
彼は人前で話すことに苦しんだ。
*He struggled with public speaking.* (彼は: he, 人前で話すこと: public speaking)
§ Other common phrases
You might also hear 苦しむ in these common phrases:
- 精神的に苦しむ (seishinteki ni kurushimu): to suffer mentally/emotionally
- 肉体的に苦しむ (nikutaiteki ni kurushimu): to suffer physically
- 〜に苦しめられる (ni kurushimerareru): to be tormented/plagued by ~ (passive form)
Knowing these phrases will help you understand more complex sentences where 苦しむ appears.
§ Understanding 苦しむ (kurushimu)
You're learning Japanese, and you've come across the verb 苦しむ (kurushimu). This is a really useful word to know, as it describes the act of suffering or being distressed. It's often used when someone is experiencing physical pain, emotional hardship, or mental anguish. Think of it as 'to suffer' or 'to be troubled by something' in English.
- Japanese Word
- 苦しむ (kurushimu)
- Meaning
- To suffer, to be troubled, to be in pain
- CEFR Level
- A2
§ Basic Usage of 苦しむ
The verb 苦しむ can be used in various contexts. Here are a few examples to help you get a feel for it:
彼は病気で苦しんでいる。
- Hint
- He is suffering from illness.
彼女は借金に苦しんでいる。
- Hint
- She is suffering from debt.
試験のプレッシャーで学生たちが苦しんでいた。
- Hint
- The students were suffering from exam pressure.
§ Similar Words and When to Use Them
Japanese has several words that express similar ideas to 苦しむ, but they each have slightly different nuances. Let's look at some of them:
- 苦しい (kurushii) - Adjective: painful, difficult, distressing
While 苦しむ is a verb ('to suffer'), 苦しい is an adjective ('painful' or 'difficult'). You use 苦しい to describe a state or feeling. For example, 息が苦しい (iki ga kurushii) means 'I'm having difficulty breathing' or 'it's painful to breathe'.
お腹が苦しい。
- Hint
- My stomach feels uncomfortable/painful (e.g., from overeating).
- 困る (komaru) - Verb: to be in trouble, to be at a loss
困る is generally used for less severe situations than 苦しむ. It means 'to be in difficulty,' 'to be bothered by something,' or 'to be at a loss.' It often implies inconvenience or a problem that needs to be solved, rather than deep suffering.
お金がなくて困っている。
- Hint
- I'm having trouble because I don't have money.
- 悩む (nayamu) - Verb: to be worried, to be bothered, to ponder
悩む focuses more on mental anguish, worry, or indecision. You use it when you're deeply thinking about a problem or decision, and it's causing you stress. It's about being mentally troubled rather than physically suffering.
将来について悩んでいる。
- Hint
- I'm worried about my future.
§ Key Differences at a Glance
- 苦しむ (kurushimu)
- Focuses on deep suffering, often physical or emotional, enduring hardship.
- 苦しい (kurushii)
- An adjective describing a state of pain, difficulty, or distress.
- 困る (komaru)
- Indicates being in trouble, inconvenience, or at a loss, less severe than suffering.
- 悩む (nayamu)
- Emphasizes mental worry, distress, or indecision about a problem.
When choosing which word to use, think about the intensity and nature of the 'suffering' or 'difficulty.' Is it a deep, enduring pain (苦しむ), a general state of being uncomfortable (苦しい), a problematic situation (困る), or a mental struggle (悩む)? Master these distinctions, and your Japanese will sound much more natural!
How Formal Is It?
"彼は経済的な苦難を経験しました。 (Kare wa keizai-tekina kunan o keiken shimashita.) - He experienced economic hardship."
"仕事が見つからなくて困っています。 (Shigoto ga mitsukaranakute komatte imasu.) - I'm troubled because I can't find a job."
"最近、仕事がつらいんだ。 (Saikin, shigoto ga tsurai n da.) - Work has been tough lately."
"お腹がいたいの。 (Onaka ga itai no.) - My tummy hurts."
"試験、やばかったわ。 (Shiken, yabakatta wa.) - The exam was awful (suffered)."
حقيقة ممتعة
The kanji 苦 is also used in words like 苦手 (nigate - 'bad at, weak in') and 苦い (nigai - 'bitter').
قواعد يجب معرفتها
Expressing the cause of suffering using 〜で (de): Use 〜で to indicate the cause or reason behind suffering.
病気で苦しむ (byouki de kurushimu) - to suffer from illness
Suffering from a verb action using 〜て苦しむ (te kurushimu): Combine the te-form of a verb with 苦しむ to express suffering caused by an action.
宿題をたくさんして苦しむ (shukudai o takusan shite kurushimu) - to suffer from doing a lot of homework
Suffering from an abstract concept using 〜に苦しむ (ni kurushimu): Use 〜に with abstract nouns to indicate what one is suffering from.
貧困に苦しむ (hinkon ni kurushimu) - to suffer from poverty
Emphasizing continuous suffering with 〜続けて苦しむ (tsuzukete kurushimu): Use the te-form of 続ける (tsuzukeru - to continue) followed by 苦しむ to emphasize prolonged suffering.
何年も苦しみ続けている (nannen mo kurushimi tsuzukete iru) - to have been suffering for many years
Expressing suffering as a consequence using 〜ことによって苦しむ (koto ni yotte kurushimu): This structure indicates that suffering is a result of a certain action or situation.
選択を間違えたことによって苦しむ (sentaku o machigaeta koto ni yotte kurushimu) - to suffer as a result of making the wrong choice
أمثلة حسب المستوى
病気で苦しんでいます。
Suffering from an illness.
彼女は別れを苦しんでいます。
She is suffering from the breakup.
多くの人が貧困に苦しんでいます。
Many people suffer from poverty.
彼は痛みに苦しんだ。
He suffered from the pain.
この犬は寒さに苦しんでいる。
This dog is suffering from the cold.
試験勉強で苦しんでいます。
I'm suffering with exam studies.
彼女は仕事で苦しんでいる。
She is struggling with her job.
子供たちは飢えに苦しんでいる。
Children are suffering from hunger.
経済的な苦境に陥り、彼は毎日食べるものにも苦しんだ。
He struggled with daily meals due to economic hardship.
長年の研究で多くの困難に直面し、精神的にも肉体的にも苦しんだ。
He suffered mentally and physically, facing many difficulties during years of research.
災害で家族を失った人々は、深い悲しみと喪失感に苦しんでいる。
People who lost family in the disaster are suffering from deep sorrow and a sense of loss.
彼女は偏見と差別に苦しみながらも、決して夢を諦めなかった。
Despite suffering from prejudice and discrimination, she never gave up on her dreams.
新しい環境に馴染めず、彼は孤独感と不安に苦しんでいた。
Unable to adapt to the new environment, he was suffering from loneliness and anxiety.
病気の治療は長く、患者は耐え難い痛みに苦しむこともあった。
The treatment for the illness was long, and patients sometimes suffered unbearable pain.
政治的な抑圧の下で、多くの人々が自由を奪われ、苦しんでいる。
Under political oppression, many people are deprived of freedom and are suffering.
地球温暖化の影響で、各地で異常気象が頻発し、人々がその被害に苦しんでいる。
Due to global warming, abnormal weather frequently occurs in various places, and people are suffering from its damage.
يُخلط عادةً مع
Use the particle で (de) to indicate the cause or source of suffering. E.g., 病気で苦しむ (byouki de kurushimu - to suffer from an illness).
While less common than で, に (ni) can also be used to indicate the cause or object of suffering, sometimes with a nuance of being afflicted by something. E.g., 貧困に苦しむ (hinkon ni kurushimu - to suffer from poverty).
This is the transitive form, meaning 'to inflict suffering on' or 'to torment'. E.g., 彼を苦しめた。(Kare o kurushimeta. - I tormented him.)
سهل الخلط
Both 苦しむ (kurushimu) and 悩む (nayamu) can be translated as 'to suffer' or 'to worry'. However, 悩む generally refers to mental suffering or distress, often from a difficult decision, problem, or emotional pain.
苦しむ (kurushimu) covers both physical and mental suffering. 悩む (nayamu) is almost exclusively mental or emotional suffering.
進路について悩んでいます。(Shinro ni tsuite nayande imasu.) - I'm worrying about my career path.
困る (komaru) can also be translated as 'to be troubled' or 'to be in a difficult situation', which might seem similar to suffering. However, 困る generally implies inconvenience, difficulty, or being at a loss, rather than deep suffering.
苦しむ (kurushimu) is about enduring pain or hardship. 困る (komaru) is about facing a problem or inconvenience.
お金がなくて困っています。(Okane ga nakute komatte imasu.) - I'm having trouble because I don't have money.
痛い (itai) means 'painful', and suffering often involves pain. The confusion arises because someone might use 'painful' to describe a situation where someone is suffering.
苦しむ (kurushimu) is the action of suffering. 痛い (itai) is an adjective describing a state of pain. You can 'suffer from pain' (痛みに苦しむ - itami ni kurushimu).
頭が痛いです。(Atama ga itai desu.) - My head hurts.
悲しい (kanashii) means 'sad', and sadness is a form of emotional suffering. This can lead to confusion about when to use 苦しむ (kurushimu) versus 悲しい (kanashii).
苦しむ (kurushimu) describes the general act of enduring hardship or pain (physical or mental). 悲しい (kanashii) specifically describes the emotion of sadness.
そのニュースを聞いて悲しくなりました。(Sono nyuusu o kiite kanashiku narimashita.) - I became sad after hearing that news.
辛い (tsurai) can mean 'painful', 'hard', or 'bitter', and often describes difficult or trying experiences, which overlaps with the concept of suffering.
苦しむ (kurushimu) is the verb 'to suffer'. 辛い (tsurai) is an adjective describing something as painful, difficult, or hard to bear. You can be in a 'tsurai situation' and 'kurushimu' within it.
つらい経験でした。(Tsurai keiken deshita.) - It was a painful/difficult experience.
كيفية الاستخدام
The verb 苦しむ (kurushimu) means 'to suffer' or 'to be distressed.' It can refer to physical suffering, emotional suffering, or suffering due to hardship. It is often used with the particle に (ni) to indicate the cause of the suffering.
A common mistake is confusing 苦しむ (kurushimu) with 痛い (itai). While both relate to discomfort, 痛い (itai) specifically means 'painful' and is an adjective describing a sensation, whereas 苦しむ (kurushimu) is a verb describing the act of suffering or being in distress. You wouldn't say '頭が苦しむ' (atama ga kurushimu - my head suffers), but rather '頭が痛い' (atama ga itai - my head hurts/is painful). You would, however, say '病気に苦しむ' (byouki ni kurushimu - to suffer from an illness).
نصائح
Basic Meaning of 苦しむ
苦しむ (kurushimu) means 'to suffer' or 'to be in pain'. It can refer to physical pain, mental anguish, or difficulties.
Transitive vs. Intransitive
苦しむ is an intransitive verb. This means it doesn't take a direct object. You suffer 'from' something, not 'something'.
Common Usage with から (kara)
You often see 苦しむ used with the particle から (kara) to indicate the cause of suffering. For example, 病気から苦しむ (byouki kara kurushimu) means 'to suffer from illness'.
Mental Suffering
苦しむ is frequently used for mental or emotional suffering, like 精神的に苦しむ (seishinteki ni kurushimu) meaning 'to suffer mentally'.
Physical Suffering
It can also describe physical pain, though other words like 痛い (itai) are more common for direct pain. 彼は足の怪我で苦しんだ (kare wa ashi no kega de kurushinda) means 'He suffered from a leg injury'.
Suffering from Difficulties
苦しむ can refer to struggling with difficulties or hardships. 例えば、借金で苦しむ (shakkin de kurushimu) means 'to suffer from debt'.
Noun Form: 苦しみ (kurushimi)
The noun form is 苦しみ (kurushimi), which means 'suffering' or 'pain'. For example, 彼の苦しみは深かった (kare no kurushimi wa fukakatta) means 'His suffering was deep'.
Related Words: 辛い (tsurai)
辛い (tsurai) is an adjective meaning 'painful', 'bitter', or 'hard'. While similar, 苦しむ is the action of suffering.
Don't confuse with 困る (komaru)
Don't confuse 苦しむ with 困る (komaru), which means 'to be in trouble' or 'to be at a loss'. While both imply difficulty, 苦しむ is a deeper, more profound suffering.
Practice with Examples
Try creating your own sentences. For instance: 彼は仕事で苦しんでいる (kare wa shigoto de kurushinde iru - He is suffering at work). 世界中で多くの人が貧困に苦しんでいます (sekaijuu de ooku no hito ga hinkon ni kurushinde imasu - Many people around the world are suffering from poverty).
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Imagine a cat (**ku**) struggling (**rushi**) to escape from a tight space. The 'mu' at the end just signifies it's a verb.
ربط بصري
Picture someone groaning and holding their stomach in pain, suffering from an illness. The visual of a person experiencing physical or emotional distress helps cement the meaning.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to use 苦しむ in a sentence describing a difficult situation or feeling. For example, '彼は試験で苦しんだ' (Kare wa shiken de kurushinda - He suffered/struggled with the exam).
أصل الكلمة
Native Japanese word.
المعنى الأصلي: The kanji 苦 (ku) means 'suffering, pain, hardship' and しむ (shimu) is a verb-forming suffix. So, literally 'to make suffer' or 'to feel suffering'.
Japonicالسياق الثقافي
When Japanese people use 苦しむ, it often carries a sense of internal, personal struggle. It can be physical pain, but also mental anguish or difficulties faced in a situation. It's a common word used to express empathy for someone going through a tough time.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
Physical Pain
- 頭痛で苦しんでいます。(I'm suffering from a headache.)
- 彼は癌と闘い苦しんでいます。(He is battling and suffering from cancer.)
- 怪我で苦しんでいる。(Suffering from an injury.)
Mental or Emotional Distress
- 彼女は失恋で苦しんでいます。(She is suffering from a broken heart.)
- ストレスで苦しんでいる。(Suffering from stress.)
- 精神的な苦痛で苦しむ。(To suffer from mental anguish.)
Financial Hardship
- 会社は資金繰りに苦しんでいる。(The company is struggling with financing.)
- 貧困で苦しんでいる人々。(People suffering from poverty.)
- 経済的な困難で苦しむ。(To suffer from economic difficulties.)
Struggling with a Problem/Task
- 試験勉強に苦しんでいる。(I'm struggling with studying for the exam.)
- 彼は決断に苦しんでいる。(He is struggling with a decision.)
- 問題解決に苦しむ。(To struggle with problem-solving.)
Suffering from a Disaster/Tragedy
- 被災地の人々は水不足に苦しんでいます。(People in the affected area are suffering from a water shortage.)
- 戦争で苦しむ人々。(People suffering from war.)
- 災害で苦しむ。(To suffer from a disaster.)
بدايات محادثة
"最近、何か苦しんでいることはありますか？ (Is there anything you've been struggling with lately?)"
"もし大変な状況に苦しんでいる人がいたら、どうしますか？ (If someone you know is suffering in a difficult situation, what would you do?)"
"過去にどんなことで一番苦しみましたか？ (What was the most difficult thing you've suffered from in the past?)"
"ストレスで苦しんでいる時、どうやって乗り越えますか？ (When you're suffering from stress, how do you overcome it?)"
"世の中で最も苦しんでいる人々はどんな状況にいると思いますか？ (What kind of situations do you think the most suffering people in the world are in?)"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
最近、あなたが苦しんでいることについて詳しく書いてください。その原因は何ですか？どうすれば改善できると思いますか？ (Write in detail about something you've been struggling with lately. What are the causes? How do you think it can be improved?)
過去に経験した最も苦しい出来事を思い出して、それがあなたにどのような影響を与えたか書いてください。 (Recall the most difficult event you experienced in the past and write about how it affected you.)
もし苦しんでいる友達がいたら、どんな言葉をかけますか？どのようなサポートをしたいですか？ (If you had a friend who was suffering, what would you say to them? What kind of support would you want to offer?)
世界中で起こっている苦しみについて、あなたが最も心を痛めることは何ですか？それに対して何かできることはありますか？ (What breaks your heart the most about the suffering happening around the world? Is there anything you can do about it?)
「苦しむ」という経験が、あなたをどのように成長させたと思いますか？ (How do you think the experience of 'suffering' has helped you grow?)
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةTo say 'I'm suffering' in Japanese, you can use 苦しんでいます (kurushinde imasu). This is the present continuous form of 苦しむ. For example, 彼は病気で苦しんでいます。 (Kare wa byōki de kurushinde imasu.) - He is suffering from an illness.
苦しむ (kurushimu) means 'to suffer' from a broader sense, often involving mental or emotional distress, or a prolonged physical ailment. 痛い (itai) specifically means 'painful' and refers to physical pain. You might say 頭が痛い (atama ga itai - my head hurts), but not 頭が苦しむ (atama ga kurushimu).
Yes, absolutely. 苦しむ (kurushimu) is very commonly used for emotional pain. For example, 彼女は失恋で苦しんでいます。 (Kanojo wa shitsuren de kurushinde imasu.) - She is suffering from a broken heart.
A common phrase is 苦しんでいる (kurushinde iru), which means 'is suffering'. Another is 苦しみを乗り越える (kurushimi o norikoeru), meaning 'to overcome suffering'. For example, 彼は多くの苦しみを乗り越えてきた。 (Kare wa ōku no kurushimi o norikoete kita.) - He has overcome a lot of suffering.
The kanji for 苦しむ is 苦. It means 'suffering' or 'pain'. The verb form is written with the hiragana しむ: 苦しむ.
Here are a few common conjugations:
- Plain form: 苦しむ (kurushimu)
- ます form: 苦しみます (kurushimimasu)
- て form: 苦しんで (kurushinde)
- Past plain form: 苦しんだ (kurushinda)
- Negative plain form: 苦しまない (kurushimanai)
Yes, you can. 苦しむ (kurushimu) can refer to struggling with a problem or difficulty. For example, 彼は会社の経営で苦しんでいる。 (Kare wa kaisha no keiei de kurushinde iru.) - He is struggling with the management of the company.
苦しむ (kurushimu) itself is a neutral verb. Its politeness depends on the conjugation used. Using the ます form (苦しみます) makes it polite. For example, お客様は経済的な問題で苦しんでいらっしゃいます。(Okyakusama wa keizai-tekina mondai de kurushinde irasshaimasu.) - The customer is suffering from financial problems (very polite).
The noun form of 苦しむ is 苦しみ (kurushimi), which means 'suffering' or 'pain'. For example, 彼らは戦争の苦しみを経験した。 (Karera wa sensō no kurushimi o keiken shita.) - They experienced the suffering of war.
While 苦しむ (kurushimu) is quite versatile, other words can describe similar feelings with nuances. For physical pain, you might use 痛い (itai). For struggling or being troubled, you might use 困る (komaru). However, 苦しむ often implies a deeper, more profound sense of suffering.
اختبر نفسك 102 أسئلة
Which word means 'to suffer'?
苦しむ (kurushimu) directly translates to 'to suffer.' The other options are 'to eat,' 'to drink,' and 'to sleep.'
If someone is having a difficult time, what might they be doing?
苦しむ (kurushimu) means to suffer, which fits the context of a difficult time. The other options are positive or unrelated activities.
Select the correct Japanese word for 'suffer'.
苦しむ (kurushimu) is the verb meaning 'to suffer.' 苦しい (kurushii) is an adjective meaning 'painful' or 'difficult,' but not the verb form.
The word '苦しむ' (kurushimu) means 'to be happy'.
No, '苦しむ' (kurushimu) means 'to suffer', not 'to be happy'.
You can use '苦しむ' (kurushimu) when someone is having a bad experience.
Yes, '苦しむ' (kurushimu) is appropriate for describing someone experiencing hardship or a bad experience.
'苦しむ' (kurushimu) is a noun.
No, '苦しむ' (kurushimu) is a verb, meaning 'to suffer'.
I have a headache.
I'm hungry.
I'm tired.
Read this aloud:
こんにちは。
Focus: こ-ん-に-ち-は
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
ありがとう。
Focus: あ-り-が-と-う
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Read this aloud:
さようなら。
Focus: さ-よ-う-な-ら
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Write a short sentence about something that makes you happy, using simple Japanese.
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Sample answer
私は犬が好きです。幸せです。(I like dogs. I am happy.)
Describe your favorite food in one simple Japanese sentence.
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Sample answer
私の好きな食べ物は寿司です。(My favorite food is sushi.)
Write a simple Japanese sentence about what you do on the weekend.
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Sample answer
週末は映画を見ます。(I watch movies on the weekend.)
この人は何人家族ですか？ (How many people are in this person's family?)
Read this passage:
これは私の家族です。父と母と妹がいます。みんな元気です。
この人は何人家族ですか？ (How many people are in this person's family?)
父、母、妹、そして話者本人で四人です。 (Father, mother, younger sister, and the speaker makes four people.)
父、母、妹、そして話者本人で四人です。 (Father, mother, younger sister, and the speaker makes four people.)
この人は朝ごはんに何を飲みますか？ (What does this person drink for breakfast?)
Read this passage:
私は毎日、朝ごはんを食べます。パンとコーヒーを飲みます。
この人は朝ごはんに何を飲みますか？ (What does this person drink for breakfast?)
「コーヒーを飲みます」と書いてあります。 (It says 'I drink coffee'.)
「コーヒーを飲みます」と書いてあります。 (It says 'I drink coffee'.)
田中さんは何を勉強しますか？ (What does Tanaka-san study?)
Read this passage:
田中さんは学生です。毎日学校に行きます。日本語を勉強します。
田中さんは何を勉強しますか？ (What does Tanaka-san study?)
「日本語を勉強します」と書いてあります。 (It says 'I study Japanese'.)
「日本語を勉強します」と書いてあります。 (It says 'I study Japanese'.)
This sentence means 'I am suffering from a headache.' The basic structure is 'Subject は Object で 苦しむ'.
This sentence means 'He is suffering from illness.' The particle 'で' indicates the cause or reason for suffering.
This sentence means 'She suffered after failing the exam.' '試験に落ちて' means 'failing the exam'.
病気で長い間、彼は___ました。
The context '病気で長い間' (sick for a long time) indicates suffering, so '苦しん' (suffered) is the correct verb form.
試験に落ちて、彼女はとても___います。
Failing an exam ('試験に落ちて') typically causes distress, making '苦しんで' (suffering) the appropriate choice.
仕事でストレスを感じ、毎日___ます。
Feeling stress from work ('仕事でストレスを感じ') leads to suffering, so '苦しみ' (suffer) fits the context.
彼が___姿を見て、私は悲しくなりました。
Seeing someone in a state of '苦しむ' (suffering) makes one sad ('悲しくなりました').
大切な人を失って、彼女は心から___ています。
Losing a loved one ('大切な人を失って') causes deep suffering, so '苦しん' (suffering) is correct.
貧困で___人々を助けたい。
'貧困で' (due to poverty) indicates a situation of hardship, making '苦しむ' (suffering) the right word to describe the people.
He is suffering from illness.
I am suffering from that problem.
She was suffering from heartache.
Read this aloud:
彼は仕事で苦しんでいる。
Focus: kurushindeiru
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
試験に苦しむ。
Focus: kurushimu
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
彼女は日本語の勉強に苦しんでいます。
Focus: nihongo no benkyou ni kurushindeimasu
قلت:
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This sentence means 'He suffered from illness.' The particles 'は' and 'で' connect the subject and the cause of suffering.
This means 'I am suffering from a headache.' 'に' indicates the cause of suffering.
This translates to 'She is suffering mentally.' '精神的に' (seishinteki ni) means 'mentally'.
彼女は病気で長く___。
The context implies enduring hardship due to illness, making '苦しんだ' (suffered) the most appropriate choice.
経済的な問題で多くの人が___いる。
People often 'suffer' from economic problems. '苦しんで' (suffering) fits the sentence structure and meaning.
彼は仕事のプレッシャーに___いる。
Job pressure is something one would typically 'suffer' from. '苦しんで' (suffering) is the correct verb form.
戦争で多くの命が___。
War brings suffering, so '苦しめられた' (were made to suffer) is the appropriate passive form.
試験の準備で彼はいつも___。
Studying for exams can be a struggle, so '苦しんでいる' (is suffering/struggling) is a natural fit.
この地域は災害で長く___ました。
A region would 'suffer' from a disaster for a long time. '苦しみました' (suffered) correctly conveys this.
病気で苦しんでいる彼を助けたい。
The sentence expresses a desire to help someone who is suffering from an illness. 「彼を助けたい」means 'I want to help him'.
この問題で多くの人々が苦しんでいる。
「多くの人々が苦しんでいる」directly translates to 'many people are suffering'.
彼女は過去の失敗でずっと苦しんでいます。
「ずっと苦しんでいます」indicates a continuous state of suffering, and 「過去の失敗で」specifies the cause as 'past failures'.
彼は試験で苦しんだから、良い結果を出した。
Suffering from an exam usually implies difficulty or a bad experience, not necessarily a good result. If he suffered, it's more likely he struggled, which might lead to a less favorable outcome. It implies the suffering was a negative experience.
彼女は貧困で苦しんでいる人々を助ける活動をしている。
The sentence states she is involved in activities to help people suffering from poverty, which is a correct use of 「苦しんでいる」.
彼の病気は良くなり、もう苦しんでいない。
This statement means his illness has improved, and he is no longer suffering, which is a grammatically and contextually correct use of the word.
This sentence means 'He is suffering at work.' The subject '彼は' comes first, followed by the context '仕事で', and then the verb '苦しんでいる'.
This sentence means 'Many people are suffering from economic problems.' '多くの人が' is the subject, '経済的な問題で' is the cause, and '苦しんでいます' is the verb.
This sentence means 'Experiences of suffering lead to growth.' '苦しむ経験' is the subject phrase, and '成長に繋がる' is the predicate.
彼女は病気で長く___。
The context implies a negative experience due to illness, so 'suffered' (苦しんだ) is the most appropriate verb.
経済的な問題で___家族が多い。
Economic problems typically cause hardship, making 'suffering' (苦しんでいる) the correct choice.
彼は過去の失敗に___。
Failures usually lead to suffering or regret, so 'suffering' (苦しんでいる) fits the context.
試験の結果が悪くて、学生たちは___。
Bad exam results are a source of distress, hence 'suffered' (苦しんだ) is the correct verb.
その地域は長年干ばつに___。
A long drought is a difficult situation, so 'suffered' (苦しんできた) is the appropriate verb.
睡眠不足に___人は多い。
Lack of sleep causes difficulties, making 'suffer' (苦しむ) the correct choice.
He suffered for a long time due to serious injuries from an accident.
Many people are suffering from economic problems.
She encouraged her friend who was suffering from illness.
Read this aloud:
彼は仕事のストレスで精神的に苦しんでいます。
Focus: しんせいてきに (shinseiteki ni)
قلت:
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Read this aloud:
その決断は彼を大いに苦しめた。
Focus: おおいに (ōini)
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Read this aloud:
私たちは皆、人生で何らかの苦しみを経験します。
Focus: なんらか (nanraka)
قلت:
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彼女は病気で毎日（ ）いる。
文脈から、病気で「苦しむ」が適切です。「楽しむ」「喜ぶ」「笑う」は逆の意味になります。
彼の心の（ ）を理解するのは難しい。
「心の苦しみ」という表現は一般的で、精神的な困難を指します。他の選択肢は文脈に合いません。
多くの人々が貧困に（ ）。
貧困は通常、人々を「苦しめる」ものであり、その状況にいる人々は「苦しんでいる」と表現します。
「苦しむ」は、肉体的または精神的な痛みや困難を経験することを意味する。
「苦しむ」は、まさしく肉体的または精神的な苦痛や困難を経験する状態を表す動詞です。
プロジェクトの失敗は、彼にとって大きな喜びだった。
プロジェクトの失敗は通常、喜びではなく「苦しみ」や困難の原因となります。この文は「苦しむ」の概念と矛盾します。
病気から回復して、彼はまだ苦しんでいる。
「回復して」という言葉は、苦しみが終わった、あるいは軽減されたことを示唆しています。そのため、「まだ苦しんでいる」は矛盾しています。
Imagine you are a doctor. A patient comes to you describing a chronic pain. Write a short note describing their suffering and potential impact on their daily life.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
患者様は長年にわたり慢性的な痛みに苦しんでおり、それが原因で日常生活に支障をきたしていると訴えています。特に夜間の痛みがひどく、睡眠不足にも苦しんでいます。
Write a short paragraph about a historical figure who endured great suffering for their beliefs or cause.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
ガンジーは、インドの独立のために多くの困難と苦しみに耐えました。彼は非暴力という強い信念を持ち、投獄や飢餓にも苦しみながらも、その志を貫き通しました。
You are writing a review for a play. Describe how one of the characters suffers emotionally throughout the story and how their suffering is portrayed.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
主人公は、愛する人を失った深い苦悩に苛まれていました。舞台上では、その苦しみが沈黙や孤独な表情で繊細に描写されており、観客の心に深く響きました。
この文章から読み取れることとして、最も適切なものはどれですか？
Read this passage:
経済の低迷が続き、多くの企業が倒産に追い込まれている。それに伴い、職を失い生活に苦しむ人々が増加しているのが現状だ。政府は対策を講じているものの、その効果はまだ限定的であり、国民の不安は高まる一方である。
この文章から読み取れることとして、最も適切なものはどれですか？
文章中に「経済の低迷が続き、…職を失い生活に苦しむ人々が増加している」と明記されているため、この選択肢が最も適切です。
文章中に「経済の低迷が続き、…職を失い生活に苦しむ人々が増加している」と明記されているため、この選択肢が最も適切です。
この人物が医療ボランティアになった主な理由は何ですか？
Read this passage:
彼は幼い頃から病気に苦しみ、多くの治療を経験してきた。しかし、その経験が彼を強くし、病気で苦しむ人々のために尽くしたいという強い意志を持つようになった。今では、彼は医療ボランティアとして世界中を飛び回っている。
この人物が医療ボランティアになった主な理由は何ですか？
文章中に「病気で苦しむ人々のために尽くしたいという強い意志を持つようになった」と明確に記されています。
文章中に「病気で苦しむ人々のために尽くしたいという強い意志を持つようになった」と明確に記されています。
彼女が新しい職場で抱えていた問題は何ですか？
Read this passage:
彼女は新しい職場で人間関係に苦しんでいた。自分の意見がなかなか受け入れられず、孤立感を感じていたのだ。しかし、ある日、一人の同僚が彼女に優しく声をかけてくれたことで、少しずつ状況が好転し始めた。
彼女が新しい職場で抱えていた問題は何ですか？
「新しい職場で人間関係に苦しんでいた」と明確に書かれています。
「新しい職場で人間関係に苦しんでいた」と明確に書かれています。
This sentence describes how many people suffered from hunger and poverty due to war. The order follows a typical Japanese sentence structure: topic/cause, subject, circumstances, and verb.
This sentence means 'He is suffering from a long-standing chronic illness.' The structure places the subject first, followed by modifiers and the condition from which he is suffering.
This sentence translates to 'Although I struggled to adapt to the new environment, I finally got used to it.' The phrase '適応するのに苦労したが' directly expresses the suffering/struggle.
会社の倒産という苦境に直面し、彼は精神的に___日々を送った。
文脈から、会社の倒産という困難な状況で精神的に困難な日々を送ったことが推測されるため、「苦しむ」が適切です。
長引く不況により、多くの企業が経営の___に陥っている。
不況により企業が困難な状況にあることを示すため、「苦しみ」が適切です。経営の困難な状況を表す名詞として使用されています。
彼女は、子供の頃のトラウマに___、大人になってもその影響に悩まされ続けた。
トラウマは一般的に人々に苦痛を与えるものであるため、「苦しんで」が最も適切な表現です。
「苦しむ」は、肉体的な痛みや精神的な苦痛を表すことができる。
「苦しむ」は、病気による肉体的な痛みや、精神的な悩み、困難など、幅広い苦痛を表すことができます。
「苦しむ」は、常にポジティブな状況で使用される。
「苦しむ」は、困難や苦痛といったネガティブな状況で使用される言葉です。
「苦しむ」の連用形は「苦しみ」で、名詞としても使用できる。
「苦しむ」の連用形は「苦しみ」であり、「経営の苦しみ」のように名詞として使うことができます。
This sentence means 'He suffered from a long-term illness.' The order places the subject '彼' (he) first, followed by the topic particle 'は', then '長年の病気' (long-term illness) with the particle 'に' indicating the cause of suffering, and finally the past tense verb '苦しんだ' (suffered).
This translates to 'We need to help people who are suffering from economic hardship.' The structure starts with '経済的な困難' (economic hardship) followed by 'に苦しんでいる' (are suffering from), modifying '人々' (people). Then 'を助ける' (to help) and '必要がある' (there is a need).
This means 'They were deeply suffering from the tragedy of war.' '彼ら' (they) is the subject, followed by 'は'. '戦争の悲劇' (tragedy of war) with 'に' indicates the cause. '深く' (deeply) is an adverb modifying '苦しんでいた' (were suffering).
/ 102 correct
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Basic Meaning of 苦しむ
苦しむ (kurushimu) means 'to suffer' or 'to be in pain'. It can refer to physical pain, mental anguish, or difficulties.
Transitive vs. Intransitive
苦しむ is an intransitive verb. This means it doesn't take a direct object. You suffer 'from' something, not 'something'.
Common Usage with から (kara)
You often see 苦しむ used with the particle から (kara) to indicate the cause of suffering. For example, 病気から苦しむ (byouki kara kurushimu) means 'to suffer from illness'.
Mental Suffering
苦しむ is frequently used for mental or emotional suffering, like 精神的に苦しむ (seishinteki ni kurushimu) meaning 'to suffer mentally'.
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
مزيد من كلمات health
しばらく
B1For a while, for some time.
異変がある
B1To have an unusual change or abnormality.
異常な
B1Abnormal; unusual; irregular.
擦り傷
B1Scratch, graze, abrasion.
吸収する
B1To absorb.
禁酒
B1Abstinence from alcohol; the act of refraining from alcohol.
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1Acupuncture and moxibustion; traditional Chinese medicine treatments.
急性的
B1Acute.
急性な
B1Acute
