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A2 verb محايد #3,800 الأكثر شيوعاً 3 دقيقة للقراءة

违反

weifan /weɪ˧˥ fan˨˩/
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Overview

The Chinese word '违反' (wéi fǎn) is a versatile verb that translates to 'to violate,' 'to infringe,' 'to transgress,' or 'to contravene.' It is commonly used to describe actions or behaviors that go against established rules, laws, agreements, principles, or expectations. Understanding its nuances is crucial for accurate communication in Chinese.

At its core, '违反' implies a breaking or a going against something pre-existing and generally accepted or legally binding. This 'something' can range from a formal written law to an unwritten social norm. For instance, if someone breaks the law, you would say they '违反法律' (wéi fǎn fǎ lǜ - violate the law). If they go against a company policy, it's '违反公司规定' (wéi fǎn gōng sī guī dìng - violate company regulations).

One common usage of '违反' is in legal contexts. Any act that is contrary to the stipulations of a law or regulation falls under this category. This could include criminal offenses, civil infractions, or administrative penalties. For example, '违反交通规则' (wéi fǎn jiāo tōng guī zé - violate traffic rules) is a very common phrase, referring to actions like speeding or running a red light.

Beyond legal frameworks, '违反' also applies to agreements and contracts. If a party fails to uphold their end of a bargain, they are '违反合同' (wéi fǎn hé tóng - violate the contract). This highlights the concept of breach, where one's actions deviate from agreed-upon terms.

Furthermore, '违反' can be used in a more general sense to describe actions that go against moral principles, ethical standards, or even common sense. For example, '违反道德' (wéi fǎn dào dé - violate morality) suggests an act that is morally reprehensible. '违反常理' (wéi fǎn cháng lǐ - violate common sense) refers to something illogical or absurd.

It's important to note the difference between '违反' and similar terms. While '破坏' (pò huài) can also mean 'to break,' it often implies destruction or damage, whereas '违反' specifically refers to going against a rule or standard. '触犯' (chù fàn) is another close synonym, often used in legal contexts to mean 'to offend' or 'to violate (a law),' but '违反' has a broader application.

In summary, '违反' is a powerful and frequently used verb in Chinese that encompasses the act of transgressing, infringing, or going against a wide range of established norms, from strict legal codes to general principles. Its usage is essential for accurately describing situations where rules, laws, or agreements are not upheld.

أمثلة

1

他被指控违反交通规则。

Traffic laws

He was accused of violating traffic regulations.

2

这种行为严重违反了公司政策。

Company regulations

This behavior seriously infringed upon company policy.

3

他们的行动违反了国际法。

International law

Their actions violated international law.

4

你不能违反自己的诺言。

Promises

You cannot go back on your own promise.

5

任何违反合同的行为都将承担法律责任。

Contracts

Any breach of contract will incur legal liability.

تلازمات شائعة

违反法律
违反规定
违反合同
违反纪律

يُخلط عادةً مع

违反 مقابل wéifǎn
There are no easily confused single words with 违反 that have only a difference of 80+ words. 违反 (wéifǎn) is a distinct two-character word.

أنماط نحوية

违反 (wéifǎn) + noun (e.g., 违反规定/laws/rules) verb + 违反 (e.g., 这样做违反了合同/Doing this violated the contract) subject + 违反 + object (e.g., 他违反了交通规则/He violated traffic rules)

كيفية الاستخدام

ملاحظات الاستخدام

'违反' (wéi fǎn) is a versatile verb used to express the act of violating, infringing, or going against a rule, law, agreement, or principle. It can be applied to a wide range of situations, from formal legal contexts to informal social interactions. For example, one might say '违反法律' (wéi fǎn fǎ lǜ) to mean 'violate the law,' '违反规定' (wéi fǎn guī dìng) for 'violate regulations,' or '违反合同' (wéi fǎn hé tóng) for 'breach a contract.' It can also be used in more abstract senses, such as '违反原则' (wéi fǎn yuán zé) meaning 'violate a principle' or '违反承诺' (wéi fǎn chéng nuò) for 'break a promise.' When using '违反,' it's common to specify the object that is being violated. The tone can range from neutral to accusatory depending on the context and the speaker's intent.

أخطاء شائعة

1. Confusing with similar-sounding words: '违反' (wéi fǎn) can sometimes be confused with '诽谤' (fěi bàng - to slander, to defame) or '反抗' (fǎn kàng - to resist). While they all involve some form of opposition, '违反' specifically refers to violating rules or agreements. 2. Incorrect usage with objects: '违反' is typically followed by nouns that represent rules, laws, agreements, or principles. For example, '违反规定' (wéi fǎn guī dìng - to violate regulations), '违反法律' (wéi fǎn fǎ lǜ - to violate the law), '违反合同' (wéi fǎn hé tóng - to violate a contract). It's generally not used with people or abstract concepts that aren't rules. 3. Overusing as a direct translation for 'break': While '违反' can mean 'to break' in the context of rules, it's not a universal translation for 'break.' For example, you wouldn't say '违反杯子' (wéi fǎn bēi zi) for 'break a cup'; you would use '打碎杯子' (dǎ suì bēi zi). Ensure the context is related to rules or agreements. 4. Not understanding the nuance of 'infringe': While '违反' translates to 'infringe,' it often carries a stronger sense of deliberate transgression or a more significant violation compared to a minor infringement. For subtle infringements, other verbs might be more appropriate depending on the context. 5. Mispronunciation: Ensure correct tones for 'wéi' (second tone) and 'fǎn' (third tone). Incorrect tones can alter the meaning or make it difficult for native speakers to understand.

نصائح

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Usage Contexts for '违反'

'违反' (wéifǎn) is commonly used in formal contexts, particularly when referring to breaking laws, rules, regulations, or agreements. It implies a conscious act against established norms or statutes. It can be applied to individuals, groups, or even abstract entities like principles or treaties. Examples: - 违反规定 (wéifǎn guīdìng): violate regulations - 违反法律 (wéifǎn fǎlǜ): violate the law - 违反合同 (wéifǎn hétong): violate a contract - 违反诺言 (wéifǎn nuòyán): break a promise - 违反人权 (wéifǎn rénquán): infringe upon human rights
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Common Pitfalls & Nuances of '违反'

While '违反' generally means 'to violate' or 'to infringe,' it's crucial to understand its nuances. It's not typically used for minor, unintentional mistakes. For instance, you wouldn't use '违反' to describe spilling coffee. Instead, it's reserved for more significant breaches. Also, '违反' often implies a negative consequence or a disciplinary action. The intensity of the violation can vary, from minor infractions to serious criminal offenses. Pay attention to the accompanying noun to gauge the severity. It's less about accidental errors and more about deliberate transgressions. Commonly confused with: - 违背 (wéibèi): to go against, to disobey (often used for moral principles or instructions) - 触犯 (chùfàn): to offend, to violate (often implies offending authority or causing trouble) - 破坏 (pòhuài): to destroy, to damage (physical destruction or disruption)
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Strengthen Your Understanding of '违反'

To solidify your grasp of '违反,' consider its application in various scenarios. Think about different types of rules and agreements and how '违反' would be used with them. For example, consider traffic laws, school rules, international treaties, or personal commitments. Try to form your own sentences using '违反' with different objects. This active practice will help you internalize its usage. For instance: - 他违反了交通规则，所以被罚款了。(Tā wéifǎn le jiāotōng guīzé, suǒyǐ bèi fákuǎn le.) - He violated traffic rules, so he was fined. - 这样做是违反原则的。(Zhèyàng zuò shì wéifǎn yuánzé de.) - Doing this goes against principles. Furthermore, pay attention to the context in which you encounter '违反' in reading or listening. Observe the surrounding words and the overall message to understand the specific implications of the violation.

أصل الكلمة

The Chinese word '违反' (wéi fǎn) meaning 'to violate' or 'to infringe' is composed of two characters: '违' (wéi) and '反' (fǎn). The character '违' (wéi) originally depicted a person running away from something, suggesting divergence or going against. Its ancient forms show a foot radical on the left and a phonetic component on the right that conveyed the idea of turning away or opposition. Over time, '违' came to represent concepts such as 'to disobey,' 'to go against,' 'to contravene,' or 'to defy.' It often carries a connotation of intentional disregard for rules, agreements, or expectations. The character '反' (fǎn) is quite versatile and has a broader range of meanings, including 'to turn over,' 'to return,' 'to rebel,' 'opposite,' or 'inverse.' Its earliest forms in oracle bone script showed a hand turning something over, indicating reversal or opposition. When combined with '违' in '违反,' '反' reinforces the idea of opposition and going against an established norm or order. It emphasizes the act of turning away from or acting contrary to what is expected or required. Therefore, the combination of '违' and '反' creates a compound word that powerfully conveys the sense of actively going against or breaking a rule, law, agreement, or principle. The word '违反' specifically highlights the transgression or infringement, often implying a formal breach. It is commonly used in legal, ethical, and social contexts to describe actions that are not in conformity with established standards or regulations. The evolution of these characters from their ancient pictorial representations to their modern abstract meanings demonstrates how Chinese characters build complex concepts by combining simpler, visual ideas.

السياق الثقافي

The word '违反' (wéi fǎn) in Chinese carries significant cultural weight, reflecting a society that often prioritizes collective harmony and adherence to rules and norms. Violating these rules, whether legal or social, can lead to a sense of shame or loss of face, not only for the individual but also potentially for their family or group. The concept of 'face' (面子, miànzi) is deeply intertwined with '违反'; actions that 'violate' can cause one to 'lose face' or make others 'lose face'. This can manifest in various contexts, from traffic laws to social etiquette or even unwritten family expectations. The emphasis on collective responsibility and maintaining social order often means that '违反' is viewed with a more serious connotation than simply breaking a rule, as it can disrupt the delicate balance of interpersonal relationships and community standards.

نصيحة للحفظ

The word '违反' (wéi fǎn) can be broken down to understand its meaning. '违' (wéi) means to disobey or go against, and '反' (fǎn) means to turn against or oppose. So, together, '违反' means to violate or infringe by going against something. To remember this, you can imagine someone 'waving' a red flag ('违') because they are 'fan'-atic ('反') about breaking rules.

الأسئلة الشائعة

4 أسئلة
The Chinese word '违反' (wéi fǎn) translates to 'to violate' or 'to infringe' in English. It's used to describe actions that go against rules, laws, agreements, or principles. This can encompass a wide range of situations, from breaking a minor regulation to committing a serious legal offense. Essentially, it implies a transgression or a failure to comply with established norms or expectations. The term carries a connotation of acting contrary to what is permitted or required, often with potential consequences.
'违反' is commonly used as a verb in Chinese sentences. For example, you might hear '他违反了交通规则' (tā wéi fǎn le jiāo tōng guī zé), meaning 'He violated traffic rules.' Another example could be '这样做违反了合同条款' (zhè yàng zuò wéi fǎn le hé tong tiáo kuǎn), which translates to 'Doing so violates the terms of the contract.' It's a versatile word that can be applied to both formal and informal contexts when discussing a breach of conduct or agreement.
Yes, while '违反' is a primary term, there are other words with similar meanings but slightly different nuances. For instance, '违背' (wéi bèi) also means to violate or go against, often implying a breach of trust or a departure from one's conscience or principles. '违犯' (wéi fàn) is similar to '违反' and often used in legal contexts to mean to transgress or infringe upon laws or regulations. '触犯' (chù fàn) means to offend or violate, often with a stronger implication of causing harm or breaking a serious rule. The choice of word often depends on the specific context and the severity of the transgression.
'违反' frequently appears in various common phrases and collocations. Some examples include '违反法律' (wéi fǎn fǎ lǜ - violate the law), '违反规定' (wéi fǎn guī dìng - violate regulations), '违反纪律' (wéi fǎn jì lǜ - violate discipline), '违反合同' (wéi fǎn hé tóng - violate a contract), and '违反原则' (wéi fǎn yuán zé - violate principles). These phrases highlight the broad applicability of '违反' across different domains where rules, laws, or agreements are in place. Understanding these common collocations can help in grasping the word's usage in various contexts.

اختبر نفسك

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他因为____交通规则而被罚款。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
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这种行为严重____了公司的规章制度。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
fill blank

我们绝不能____法律。

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:

النتيجة: /3

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