B1 · Mittelstufe Kapitel 9

Abilities and Ease of Action

5 Gesamtregeln
51 Beispiele
5 Min.
Regeln in diesem Kapitel Schnelle Übung

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the nuances of capability, task assessment, and focused action in natural Korean conversation.

  • Distinguish between physical ability and learned skills.
  • Evaluate the difficulty of various tasks and activities.
  • Express circumstantial impossibility and intense singular focus.
From 'I can' to 'I know how' and beyond.

Was du lernen wirst

Ready to take your Korean conversations to the next level? In this chapter, we're diving deep into expressions that will make you sound incredibly natural and confident, moving beyond basic statements to truly express nuances about abilities and actions. First up, you'll master how to use '-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다' to express 'knowing how to do something' – it's more than just being physically able; it's about skill and know-how. Then, we'll explore the flip sides of difficulty: with '-기 쉽다', you'll effortlessly say something is 'easy to do', and its counterpart, '-기가 어렵다', will equip you to describe tasks that are 'difficult or tricky'. These two are essential for giving your opinions on various activities. Ever found yourself in a situation where something is absolutely impossible? You'll learn '-(으)ㄹ 수가 없다' to convey total impossibility due to circumstances, giving your Korean a powerful punch. Finally, to add precision and emphasis, we'll tackle '-기만 하다', allowing you to highlight when someone is 'doing nothing but' a specific action, showing intense focus. Imagine telling a Korean friend, 'I know how to cook Korean food!' or 'It's impossible to find good coffee here after midnight.' Or perhaps you want to describe how 'studying grammar is easy' or 'writing essays is difficult.' You'll even be able to say, 'He just keeps watching Netflix!' By the end of this chapter, you won't just communicate actions; you'll express capabilities, assess task difficulty, state impossibilities, and emphasize single-minded focus with ease. Your Korean will become richer, more expressive, and you'll feel much more comfortable in intermediate conversations. Let's get started!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain your professional and hobby-related skills using -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Compare the difficulty of learning tasks using -기 쉽다 and -기가 어렵다.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to: Describe situations where external factors prevent action using -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to: Emphasize repetitive or exclusive actions using -기만 하다.

Kapitel-Leitfaden

Overview

Welcome to a pivotal chapter in your Korean grammar journey! As you progress to B1 Korean, you're ready to add depth and nuance to your conversations. This chapter is designed to help you express not just what you do, but *how* you do it, *how easy or difficult* it is, and even when something is utterly impossible.
Mastering these expressions will make your Korean sound incredibly natural and confident, allowing you to move beyond basic statements and truly articulate your thoughts with precision.
We'll dive into five essential grammar patterns. First, you'll learn -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 to confidently state whether you
know how to do something
– highlighting skill and know-how. Next, we'll equip you with -기 쉽다 and -기가 어렵다 to effortlessly describe tasks as easy to do or difficult to do, perfect for sharing your opinions.
For those moments when an action is completely out of reach, -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 will empower you to convey total impossibility due to circumstances. Finally, to add emphasis and focus, we'll explore -기만 하다, allowing you to highlight when someone is doing nothing but a specific action. By the end, you'll be expressing capabilities, assessing difficulty, stating impossibilities, and emphasizing actions with ease, making your B1 Korean richer and more expressive.
Let's unlock these powerful tools!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down each of these crucial Korean grammar patterns to understand how they function and how you can use them in your daily conversations.
1. Knowing How to Do Something (-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다)
This pattern is used to express whether you
know how to do
a specific skill or task. It refers to learned ability or know-how, not just physical capability.
* Conjugation:
* If the verb stem ends in a consonant: verb stem + -을 줄 알다/모르다
* If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ: verb stem + -ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다
* Example: 저는 한국어를 할 줄 알아요. (I know how to speak Korean.)
* Example: 김치찌개를 만들 줄 몰라요. (I don't know how to make kimchi stew.)
2. Easy to do (-기 쉽다)
Use this pattern to describe an action as easy to do or prone to happen.
* Conjugation: verb stem + -기 쉽다
* Example: 이 책은 읽기 쉬워요. (This book is easy to read.)
* Example: 요즘은 감기에 걸리기 쉬운 날씨예요. (Lately, it's weather where you easily catch a cold.)
3. It is difficult to... (-기가 어렵다)
This is the opposite of -기 쉽다, used to express that an action is difficult to do or hard to achieve.
* Conjugation: verb stem + -기가 어렵다 (The particle 가 can sometimes be omitted in casual speech but adds clarity.)
* Example: 한국어 발음은 하기가 어려워요. (Korean pronunciation is difficult to do.)
* Example: 그 문제를 풀기 어렵다. (That problem is difficult to solve.)
4. Cannot possibly: Total impossibility (-(으)ㄹ 수가 없다)
This pattern conveys a strong sense of impossibility due to external circumstances or conditions, not just a lack of ability. It's stronger than simply using 못 or -지 못하다.
* Conjugation:
* If the verb stem ends in a consonant: verb stem + -을 수가 없다
* If the verb stem ends in a vowel or ㄹ: verb stem + -ㄹ 수가 없다
* Example: 너무 바빠서 만날 수가 없어요. (I'm too busy to possibly meet you.)
* Example: 이 시간에는 택시를 잡을 수가 없어요. (At this hour, it's impossible to catch a taxi.)
5. Doing Nothing But... (-기만 하다)
This pattern emphasizes that someone is doing nothing but a specific action, often highlighting single-minded focus or, at times, a slightly negative connotation if other actions are expected.
* Conjugation: verb stem + -기만 하다
* Example: 그는 하루 종일 게임만 하기만 해요. (He just plays games all day long.)
* Example: 비가 오기만 해서 나갈 수 없었어요. (It just kept raining, so I couldn't go out.)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: «저는 수영할 수 알아요.» (I can swim know.)
✓ Correct:
저는 수영할 줄 알아요.
(I know how to swim.)
*Explanation:* -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 means can (possibility/ability), while -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 specifically means know how to (a learned skill). Don't mix them up!
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «이 음식은 만들기가 쉬워요.» (This food is easy to make.)
✓ Correct:
이 음식은 만들기 쉬워요.
(This food is easy to make.)
*Explanation:* While -기가 어렵다 often uses the particle 가 for clarity, -기 쉽다 typically attaches directly to the verb stem without 가.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «배고파서 먹을 수 없어요.» (I'm hungry, so I can't eat.)
✓ Correct:
배고파서 먹을 수가 없어요.
(I'm so hungry that I can't possibly eat.) (Or «배고파서 못 먹어요» for simple inability)
*Explanation:* -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 implies a strong, often external, impossibility. If you simply mean "I can't" due to lack of ability or simple refusal, 못 or -지 못하다 are usually sufficient and more natural. Use -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 when the circumstances truly make it impossible.

Real Conversations

A

A

한국어 시험이 어땠어요? (How was the Korean exam?)
B

B

듣기는 쉬웠지만, 쓰기는 너무 어려웠어요. (Listening was easy, but writing was too difficult.)
A

A

운전 할 줄 아세요? (Do you know how to drive?)
B

B

아니요, 아직 할 줄 몰라요. 배우고 싶어요! (No, I don't know how to yet. I want to learn!)
A

A

왜 이렇게 늦었어요? (Why are you so late?)
B

B

죄송해요. 길이 너무 막혀서 제 시간에 도착할 수가 없었어요. (I'm sorry. The road was so blocked that I couldn't possibly arrive on time.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the difference between -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 and -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 in Korean grammar?

-(으)ㄹ 수 있다 expresses general ability or possibility (can do), while -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 specifically means

to know how to do
a learned skill or method.

Q

Can -기 쉽다 and -기가 어렵다 be used with adjectives?

No, these patterns attach only to verb stems to describe the ease or difficulty of performing an *action*.

Q

When should I use -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 instead of just 못 or -지 못하다?

Use -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 when emphasizing that an action is *impossible due to external circumstances* or a strong reason, not just a simple inability. It conveys a stronger sense of impossibility.

Cultural Context

These Korean grammar patterns are incredibly common in daily conversations, reflecting how Koreans often discuss skills, challenges, and limitations. -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다 is frequently used when asking about or offering help with practical skills like cooking, driving, or using technology. -기 쉽다 and -기가 어렵다 are perfect for sharing opinions on tasks, food, or learning experiences, often softening direct statements.
-(으)ㄹ 수가 없다 is a polite but firm way to state an impossibility, often used to decline requests or explain unavoidable situations. Finally, -기만 하다 can be used humorously or to subtly express frustration about someone's single-minded focus. Mastering these patterns will make your Korean sound much more authentic and relatable.

Wichtige Beispiele (8)

1

저는 한국어 할 줄 알아요.

Ich kann Koreanisch sprechen (ich weiß, wie es geht).

Wissen, wie man etwas macht (-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다)
2

인스타 필터 사용할 줄 알아요?

Weißt du, wie man Instagram-Filter benutzt?

Wissen, wie man etwas macht (-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다)
3

한국어는 발음하기가 어려워요.

Koreanisch ist schwer auszusprechen.

Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)
4

주말에는 예약하기가 진짜 어려워요.

Am Wochenende ist es echt schwer, eine Reservierung zu bekommen.

Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)
5

너무 시끄러워서 집중할 수가 없어요.

Es ist so laut, dass ich mich beim besten Willen nicht konzentrieren kann.

Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)
6

와이파이가 안 돼서 이메일을 보낼 수가 없었어요.

Das WLAN ging nicht, deshalb konnte ich die Mail unmöglich senden.

Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)
7

동생은 하루 종일 게임을 하기만 해요.

Mein kleiner Bruder macht den ganzen Tag nichts anderes als zocken.

Koreanische Grammatik: Nichts anderes tun als... (-기만 하다)
8

왜 제 문자를 읽기만 해요?

Warum liest du meine Nachrichten nur (und antwortest nicht)?

Koreanische Grammatik: Nichts anderes tun als... (-기만 하다)

Tipps & Tricks (4)

💡

Die Bescheidenheits-Regel

Wenn dich jemand fragt, ob du Koreanisch sprichst, klingt «할 줄 알아요» viel natürlicher und bescheidener als das rein technische «할 수 있어요».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Wissen, wie man etwas macht (-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다)
💡

Das direkte Gegenteil

Wenn du sagen willst, dass etwas schwer ist, tausch '쉽다' gegen '어렵다' aus. Die Struktur bleibt gleich: «배우기 어렵다».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Einfach zu tun (-기 쉽다)
💡

Lass die Partikel weg

Beim Sprechen kannst du das «가» einfach weglassen. Das klingt viel natürlicher und flüssiger: «한국어 발음하기 어려워요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)
🎯

Die Drama-Pause

Wenn du richtig frustriert klingen willst, betone das '수가' und mach eine winzige Pause danach. So zeigst du, dass du wirklich alles versucht hast: «정말 할 수가... 없어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)

Wichtige Vokabeln (6)

운전하다 to drive 포기하다 to give up 외국어 foreign language 복잡하다 to be complicated 요리하다 to cook 집중하다 to concentrate

Real-World Preview

utensils

Cooking with a Friend

Review Summary

  • Verb Stem + -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다
  • Verb Stem + -기 쉽다
  • Verb Stem + -기가 어렵다
  • Verb Stem + -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다
  • Verb Stem + -기만 하다

Häufige Fehler

Learners often confuse '수 있다' (can) with '줄 알다' (know how to). Use '줄' when referring to a learned skill.

Wrong: 수영할 수 알아요.
Richtig: 수영할 줄 알아요.

While '배우기 어렵다' is sometimes heard, the grammatically standard form for B1 level includes the subject particle '-가' after the nominalized verb.

Wrong: 한국어가 배우기 어려워요.
Richtig: 한국어는 배우기가 어려워요.

To express total impossibility or to emphasize 'there is no way I can go,' adding '-가' to '수' is much more natural and emphatic.

Wrong: 바빠서 갈 수 없어요.
Richtig: 바빠서 갈 수가 없어요.

Next Steps

You've just added some very sophisticated tools to your Korean toolkit. Being able to explain 'how' and 'why' things are difficult or impossible is a huge milestone. Keep practicing!

Record a 1-minute voice memo listing 3 things you know how to do and 1 thing you find difficult.

Write 5 sentences about your 'impossible' schedule this week using -(으)ㄹ 수가 없다.

Continue to: Navigating Uncertainty and Questions

Schnelle Übung (9)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler: 이 앱은 사용하다기 쉬워요.

이 앱은 사용하다기 쉬워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사용하기 쉬워요.
Man muss das '-다' weglassen, bevor man '-기' anhängt. '사용하다기' ist also falsch.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Einfach zu tun (-기 쉽다)

Fülle die Lücke mit der richtigen Form von '듣다' (hören).

소리가 너무 작아서 ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 들을 수가 없어요
'듣다' ist ein ㄷ-irreguläres Verb und wird zu '들' vor '-을 수가 없다'. Das '가' macht es schön nachdrücklich.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler in diesem Satz.

피곤해서 숙제를 할수가 없어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 피곤해서 숙제를 할 수가 없어요.
Der einzige Fehler war das fehlende Leerzeichen. '할 수가' ist die richtige Schreibweise.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)

Vervollständige den Satz mit der richtigen Form von 'finden' (찾다).

이 식당은 골목 안에 있어서 ___ 어려워요. (Dieses Restaurant ist in einer Gasse, daher ist es schwer zu finden.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 찾기가
Um 'schwer zu [Verb]' zu sagen, nutzen wir Verbstamm + 기가 어렵다. Aus 찾다 wird 찾기가.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)

Welcher Satz bedeutet 'Dieses Handy ist schwer zu bedienen'?

Wähle die richtige Übersetzung:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이 휴대폰은 쓰기가 어려워요.
'쓰다' (benutzen) + '기가 어렵다' ergibt 'schwer zu benutzen'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)

Fülle die Lücke aus: 'Dieses Problem ist einfach zu lösen.'

이 문제는 ____ 쉬워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 풀기
Um 'einfach zu lösen' zu sagen, nehmen wir '풀다' (lösen), entfernen '-다' und hängen '-기' an.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Einfach zu tun (-기 쉽다)

Wähle die richtige Korrektur für den unnatürlichen Satz.

Fehler: 매일 아침 운동하기가 어려워요. (Kontext: Ich bin körperlich erschöpft, es ist nicht kompliziert.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 매일 아침 운동하기가 힘들어요.
Wenn die Schwierigkeit durch körperliche Anstrengung kommt, ist '힘들다' natürlicher als '어렵다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Es ist schwer zu... (-기가 어렵다)

Welcher Satz ist grammatikalisch korrekt und am natürlichsten für 'Ich kann nicht gehen'?

Wähle den besten Satz:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 바빠서 갈 수가 없어요.
Du brauchst das Leerzeichen zwischen '수가' und '없어요', und der Stamm '가-' braucht den '-ㄹ' Modifizierer.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Völlige Unmöglichkeit: Unmöglich zu... (-ㄹ/을 수가 없다)

Welcher Satz bedeutet korrekt: 'Im Winter erkältet man sich leicht'?

Wähle den richtigen Satz:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 겨울에 감기에 걸리기 쉬워요.
Für negative Tendenzen nutzen wir '-기 쉽다'. Die Optionen mit Nomen allein oder falschen Endungen sind grammatikalisch falsch.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Einfach zu tun (-기 쉽다)

Score: /9

Häufige Fragen (6)

-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 fokussiert sich auf die Methode oder den gelernten Skill. -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 geht eher um die physische Möglichkeit oder Erlaubnis. Beispiel:
Ich kann schwimmen (줄 알다), aber heute geht es nicht (수 없다), weil ich krank bin.
Normalerweise nicht. Das ist für Aktionen (Verben), die man lernen muss. Man kann nicht im grammatikalischen Sinne
wissen, wie man hübsch ist
.
Ja, absolut! Es wird oft für Tendenzen genutzt, wie «감기에 걸리기 쉬워요» (man erkältet sich leicht) oder «오해하기 쉬워요» (leicht misszuverstehen).
Lass einfach das '-다' weg und häng '-기 쉽다' dran. Es ist egal, ob ein Konsonant am Ende steht: «먹다» wird zu «먹기 쉽다».
Nein, dieses Muster funktioniert nur mit Aktionsverben. Du kannst nicht sagen 'Es ist schwer, groß zu sein' mit dieser Struktur.
어렵다 bedeutet Komplexität oder geringe Wahrscheinlichkeit. 힘들다 nutzt du für körperliche Anstrengung oder Erschöpfung: «운동하기가 힘들어요.»
Vorheriges Kapitel
Describing States and Completed Actions
Nächstes Kapitel
Navigating Uncertainty and Questions
Zurück zur Roadmap