viset
viset در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To be suspended from above.
- Describes a state, not an action.
- Used for physical objects, debts, and frozen computers.
- Requires locative or instrumental case for location.
The Czech verb viset is a fundamental part of the Czech language, primarily corresponding to the English verb 'to hang.' At its core, it describes the state of an object being suspended from above without support from below. Unlike the English word 'hang,' which can be both an action (I hang the picture) and a state (The picture hangs), the Czech viset is strictly intransitive and describes the state. If you want to describe the action of putting something up, you would use the verb věšet. This distinction is crucial for English speakers to master early on.
- Physical Suspension
- This is the most common use. It refers to clothes on a hanger, paintings on a wall, or fruit on a tree. It implies a static position where gravity is pulling the object down, but a fastening point keeps it up. For example, 'Kabát visí v předsíni' (The coat is hanging in the hallway).
Na stěně v obývacím pokoji visí starý obraz po babičce.
- Abstract and Metaphorical Use
- In a more figurative sense, viset is used to describe things that are undecided or looming. We often say 've vzduchu visí otázka' (a question is hanging in the air) or 'visí nad námi hrozba' (a threat is hanging over us). It conveys a sense of tension or anticipation for something that hasn't been resolved yet.
- Financial Slang
- Interestingly, in informal Czech, viset can mean 'to owe money.' If you say 'Visím ti stovku,' it means 'I owe you a hundred crowns.' It creates a mental image of a debt hanging over the person's head until it is paid off.
Už mi visíš peníze za ten oběd přes týden!
Furthermore, the verb is used in technology. If a computer program 'visí' (is hanging), it means it has frozen or stopped responding. This mirrors the English use of 'hung' in technical contexts. In the realm of nature, you might see clouds 'viset' low over the mountains, or fruit 'viset' from branches. It is a versatile verb that captures the essence of being held in place by something above, whether that is a physical nail, a social obligation, or a technical glitch.
Mastering the usage of viset requires understanding its grammatical environment. As an intransitive verb, it does not take a direct object in the accusative case. Instead, it focuses on the subject and its location. The most common pattern is: Subject + visí + na/v/nad + Locative/Instrumental. This structure tells the listener what is hanging and where it is located.
- Prepositional Nuances
- Use 'na' for things hanging on a wall or a hook (Na stěně visí hodiny). Use 'nad' for things hanging above something (Lampa visí nad stolem). Use 'v' for things hanging inside a space like a closet (Šaty visí v šatníku).
Klíče visí na háčku u dveří.
- Conjugation Patterns
- The verb follows the fourth conjugation class (í-type). Present tense: já visím, ty visíš, on/ona visí, my visíme, vy visíte, oni visí. Past tense: visel, visela, viselo, viseli. Future tense: budu viset, budeš viset, atd. It is an imperfective verb, meaning it describes an ongoing state.
- The Dative of Debt
- When using viset to mean 'owing,' the person to whom money is owed is in the dative case. 'Visím ti' (I owe you). The amount of money is usually in the accusative. 'Visím ti pět stovek' (I owe you five hundred).
Kolik ti vlastně ještě visím za tu včerejší večeři?
In formal documents or news, you might see 'viset' used for official notices. 'Oznámení visí na úřední desce' (The notice is posted/hanging on the official board). This implies the notice is public and currently valid. In literary contexts, it can describe silence or tension: 'V pokoji viselo ticho, které se dalo krájet' (A silence hung in the room that could be cut with a knife). Understanding these patterns allows you to move from simple descriptions to complex emotional or financial expressions.
You will encounter viset in a wide variety of everyday situations in the Czech Republic. From household chores to office dynamics, the word is ubiquitous. In a domestic setting, you might hear it when someone is looking for their keys or a specific piece of clothing. 'Kde visí můj svetr?' (Where is my sweater hanging?) is a common question in any Czech household.
- In Art and Culture
- If you visit the National Gallery in Prague, you will see signs or hear guides saying 'Tento obraz visí v této galerii již padesát let' (This painting has been hanging in this gallery for fifty years). It is the standard way to describe the display of art.
V Národním muzeu visí obrovská kostra velryby.
- At the Office or School
- Teachers and managers use it to refer to deadlines or schedules. 'Rozvrh hodin visí na nástěnce' (The class schedule is hanging on the notice board). It's also used when a project is stuck: 'Ten projekt teď visí na schválení od šéfa' (The project is now hanging/waiting on approval from the boss).
- In Nature and Weather
- Weather forecasts often use it metaphorically. 'Nad horami visí těžké mraky' (Heavy clouds are hanging over the mountains). It describes a visual state where the clouds seem stationary and oppressive.
Vzduch byl horký a ve vzduchu visela bouřka.
Finally, in the digital age, 'viset na internetu' or 'viset na mobilu' is a common slang for spending too much time online or on one's phone. It suggests being 'hooked' or suspended in the digital world. 'Mládež dneska pořád jen visí na sociálních sítích' (Youth today are just always hanging on social networks). This usage is very common among parents and teachers criticizing screen time.
For English speakers, the most frequent mistake is confusing the state of hanging (viset) with the action of hanging (věšet). In English, 'hang' covers both. In Czech, you must distinguish between 'The picture is hanging' (Obraz visí) and 'I am hanging the picture' (Věším obraz). Using viset for the action is a major grammatical error.
- The 'Vyset' Trap
- A very common spelling mistake, even for native speakers, is writing 'vyset' instead of viset. 'Vyset' (with a hard 'y') means 'to sow' (like seeds in a field). Always remember that the thing hanging uses a soft 'i' because it's related to the 'i' in 'viset'.
Chyba: Chci viset obraz na zeď. (Correct: Chci pověsit obraz na zeď.)
- Case Errors
- Learners often use the wrong case after prepositions. Because viset describes a position (where?), you must use the locative or instrumental case. Using the accusative (which indicates movement to a place) is incorrect. 'Visí na stěnu' is wrong; it must be 'Visí na stěně'.
- Confusion with 'Záviset'
- Another pitfall is the verb 'záviset' (to depend). While it contains the root 'viset', it functions differently. Learners sometimes try to use viset to mean 'depend on,' which is incorrect. 'To visí na tobě' is sometimes used colloquially, but 'To závisí na tobě' is the standard form.
Špatně: Obraz visel na stěnu. Správně: Obraz visel na stěně.
Lastly, pay attention to the plural form in the present tense. 'Oni visí' (they hang) is the correct form. Some learners mistakenly say 'visijou' or 'visí' in ways that don't match the subject's number. Consistency in conjugation is key to sounding natural.
While viset is the most common verb for hanging, Czech offers several alternatives depending on the nuance you want to convey. Understanding these synonyms helps you sound more like a native speaker and adds precision to your descriptions.
- Plandat vs. Viset
- 'Plandat' is a more informal and descriptive verb. It means to hang loosely or to flap about. If your sleeves are too long and they are just dangling, you would use 'plandat'. 'Viset' is more neutral and static.
Ty kalhoty na něm úplně plandají, jsou mu moc velké.
- Trčet
- 'Trčet' means to stick out or to be stuck somewhere. Sometimes it's used when something is hanging in a way that looks awkward or unintentional. 'Kus látky trčí z tašky' (A piece of fabric is sticking/hanging out of the bag).
- Vznášet se
- If something is 'hanging' in the air without being attached to anything (like a bird or a ghost), use 'vznášet se' (to hover/float). 'Viset' implies a physical or metaphorical connection to a point above.
Mrak visí nad městem (stationary), ale pták se vznáší v povětří (floating).
In a financial context, instead of 'viset' (to owe), you can use the more formal 'dlužit'. While 'visím ti peníze' is common among friends, 'dlužím vám peníze' is appropriate for business or formal situations. Similarly, for a computer freezing, you can use 'zamrznout' (to freeze) as an alternative to 'viset'. Knowing these nuances allows you to choose the right level of formality and the exact visual image you want to create.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The word 'viset' is related to 'vít' (to wind/weave) in very ancient roots, suggesting the idea of things being bound or tied up to hang.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'i' as a long 'ee' (veeset).
- Confusing the spelling with 'vyset' (to sow).
- Over-emphasizing the second syllable.
سطح دشواری
Easy to recognize in texts, usually followed by a location.
Must remember the soft 'i' and distinguish from 'věšet'.
Requires correct conjugation and case usage for the location.
Distinct sound, though can be confused with 'vyset' in fast speech.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Locative Case after 'na' and 'v'
Visí na stěně (stěna -> stěně).
Instrumental Case after 'nad' and 'pod'
Visí nad stolem (stůl -> stolem).
Dative Case for the person owed
Visím Petrovi (Petr -> Petrovi).
Imperfective Aspect
Viset describes a continuous state, not a finished action.
Fourth Conjugation (í-type)
Oni visí (not visou).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Obraz visí na stěně.
The picture hangs on the wall.
Uses 'na' + locative case (stěně).
Kde visí moje bunda?
Where is my jacket hanging?
Question form using the third person singular.
Klíče visí u dveří.
The keys hang by the door.
'U' + genitive case (dveří).
V okně visí záclony.
Curtains are hanging in the window.
Subject is plural (záclony), verb is third person plural (visí).
Na stromě visí jablka.
Apples are hanging on the tree.
'Na' + locative case (stromě).
Lampa visí nad stolem.
The lamp hangs above the table.
'Nad' + instrumental case (stolem).
Ručník visí v koupelně.
The towel is hanging in the bathroom.
'V' + locative case (koupelně).
Plakát visí ve třídě.
The poster hangs in the classroom.
Simple locative phrase.
Včera tam ten obraz ještě visel.
Yesterday that picture was still hanging there.
Past tense masculine singular (visel).
Visím ti padesát korun.
I owe you fifty crowns.
Informal use of 'viset' meaning 'to owe'.
Na věšáku viselo mnoho kabátů.
Many coats were hanging on the rack.
Past tense neuter singular (viselo) used with 'mnoho'.
Proč ty šaty visí venku?
Why are those dresses hanging outside?
Adverb 'venku' (outside).
Tady visely staré hodiny.
Old clocks used to hang here.
Past tense plural (visely).
Visíš mi ještě jedno pivo.
You still owe me one beer.
Dative 'mi' (to me).
Na nástěnce visí nový rozvrh.
A new schedule is hanging on the notice board.
Locative 'nástěnce'.
Všechno visí na hřebíku.
Everything is hanging on a nail.
Metaphorical or literal use.
Ve vzduchu visela hustá mlha.
A thick fog hung in the air.
Metaphorical use for weather.
Ten počítač zase visí.
That computer is hanging (frozen) again.
Technical slang for 'frozen'.
Náš výlet visí na počasí.
Our trip depends on the weather.
'Viset na' meaning 'to depend on'.
Nad městem visí smog.
Smog is hanging over the city.
Describing environmental conditions.
Stále na něm visí pohledem.
She is still gazing at him intently.
Idiomatic: 'viset pohledem' (to gaze fixedly).
Jeho život visel na vlásku.
His life was hanging by a thread.
Idiom: 'viset na vlásku'.
Ve vzduchu visí velká změna.
A big change is hanging in the air.
Abstract subject (změna).
Visel mu na každém slově.
He hung on his every word.
Idiom: 'viset na slovech'.
Oznámení o konkurzu visí na úřední desce.
The job opening notice is posted on the official board.
Official/administrative context.
Dítě neustále visí na matce.
The child is constantly clinging to the mother.
Metaphorical: emotional dependence.
Nad projektem visí otazník.
A question mark hangs over the project.
Metaphorical: uncertainty.
Kus látky mu visel z kapsy.
A piece of fabric was hanging out of his pocket.
'Z' + genitive (kapsy).
V pokoji viselo těžké ticho.
A heavy silence hung in the room.
Describing atmosphere.
Celá věc visí na tvém rozhodnutí.
The whole thing depends on your decision.
'Na' + locative (rozhodnutí).
Vzduch byl tak vlhký, že v něm visely kapky.
The air was so humid that drops hung in it.
Descriptive literary style.
Dluhy na něm visí už léta.
Debts have been hanging over him for years.
Abstract financial burden.
Nad celou zemí visela hrozba totální války.
The threat of total war hung over the entire country.
High-level political/historical context.
Jeho kariéra visí na jediném podpisu.
His career depends on a single signature.
Emphasis on critical dependence.
V galerii visí díla starých mistrů.
Works of old masters hang in the gallery.
Formal art context.
Pocit viny na něm visel jako těžký kámen.
A feeling of guilt hung on him like a heavy stone.
Simile combined with the verb 'viset'.
Na internetu visí celé hodiny.
He spends hours hanging on the internet.
Modern slang for excessive screen time.
Záclony visely v cárech.
The curtains hung in tatters.
Descriptive 'v cárech' (in shreds).
Všechna zodpovědnost visí na mých bedrech.
All responsibility hangs on my shoulders.
Idiomatic expression 'na bedrech'.
Nad osudem impéria visel stín zkázy.
A shadow of doom hung over the fate of the empire.
Epic/literary register.
V onom osudném okamžiku viselo vše na vlásku osudu.
In that fateful moment, everything hung by the thread of fate.
Highly literary/archaic tone.
Z jeho rtů visela nevyřčená prosba.
An unspoken plea hung from his lips.
Poetic personification.
Nad propastí visel jen chatrný most.
Only a flimsy bridge hung over the abyss.
Precise spatial description.
V ovzduší visela předtucha něčeho zlého.
A premonition of something evil hung in the atmosphere.
Abstract noun 'předtucha'.
Jeho oči visely na každém jejím pohybu.
His eyes were fixed on her every movement.
Metaphorical use of sight.
Na jeho slovech visela celá budoucnost národa.
The entire future of the nation hung on his words.
Political rhetoric.
V tichu pokoje visela ozvěna jejího smíchu.
The echo of her laughter hung in the silence of the room.
Evocative literary imagery.
Visel v prázdnotě mezi dvěma světy.
He hung in the void between two worlds.
Philosophical/metaphysical context.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To be on a phone call for a long time.
Moje sestra visí na telefonu celé odpoledne.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Věšet is the action of hanging something up, while viset is the state of being hung.
Vyset means to sow seeds. It sounds the same but is spelled with 'y'.
Záviset means to depend on, while viset is more literal (though sometimes used colloquially for depend).
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be in a very precarious or dangerous situation.
Dohoda visí na vlásku.
neutral— To have given up a profession or hobby.
Pověsil kopačky na hřebík a teď tam prostě visí.
idiomatic— To be in a desperate situation.
Celá rodina teď visí na suché větvi.
archaicبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both translate to 'hang' in English.
Věšet is transitive (I hang the coat). Viset is intransitive (The coat hangs).
Věším kabát, který teď visí v předsíni.
Homophones (sound the same).
Viset is about suspension. Vyset is about agriculture (sowing).
Musíme vyset obilí, zatímco plachta visí nad polem.
Related roots and similar metaphorical meaning.
Záviset is the standard verb for 'to depend'. Viset is more literal or informal.
To závisí na tobě (Standard). To visí na tobě (Colloquial).
Both describe something's position.
Trčet implies sticking out awkwardly. Viset implies being suspended.
Hřebík trčí ze zdi, na které visí obraz.
Both describe hanging.
Plandat implies loose, swinging movement. Viset is neutral.
Rukávy mu na rukou jen tak plandají.
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + visí + na + Locative
Klíč visí na zdi.
Subject + visel + v + Locative
Kabát visel v šatně.
Subject + visí + na + Dative
Všechno visí na mně.
Subject + visí (frozen)
Můj počítač visí.
Subject + visí + nad + Instrumental
Hrozba visí nad námi.
Subject + visí + na vlásku
Jeho osud visí na vlásku.
Subject + visí + z + Genitive
Provaz visí z okna.
Subject + visí + na rtech
Děti mu visely na rtech.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Very common in daily life.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a 'VEST' hanging on a hook. 'VI-SET' sounds like you are setting your vest on a hanger.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a large, heavy clock 'visiting' a wall and staying there hanging. 'Viset' sounds like 'visit'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to name five things in your room that 'visí' and state exactly where they are using the locative case.
ریشه کلمه
From the Proto-Slavic *visěti, which also means to hang.
معنای اصلی: To be in a suspended state.
Indo-European -> Slavic -> West Slavic -> Czech.بافت فرهنگی
Generally neutral, but 'viset' (to be hanged/executed) should be used carefully in historical contexts.
English speakers often use 'hang' for both state and action, which is the biggest hurdle when learning 'viset'.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Home Decor
- Kde visí ten obraz?
- Záclony visí v okně.
- Lampa visí nad stolem.
- Zrcadlo visí v koupelně.
Finance
- Visím ti peníze.
- Kolik mu visíš?
- Dluhy na něm visí.
- Visí mi pivo.
Technology
- Program visí.
- Server visí.
- Zase mi visí mobil.
- Proč to visí?
Nature
- Mraky visí nízko.
- Ovoce visí na stromě.
- Netopýr visí v jeskyni.
- Rápouchy visí ze střechy.
Abstract
- Otázka visí ve vzduchu.
- Vše visí na tobě.
- Visí to na vlásku.
- Viset na rtech.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Co ti visí na stěně v pokoji?"
"Visíš někomu nějaké peníze?"
"Proč myslíš, že tenhle projekt teď visí?"
"Jaké obrazy visí v Národní galerii?"
"Visíš často na sociálních sítích?"
موضوعات نگارش
Popiš všechno, co visí ve tvém bytě.
Napiš o situaci, kdy tvůj život 'visel na vlásku'.
Dlužíš někomu něco? Napiš o tom.
Jak se cítíš, když nad tebou visí nějaký úkol?
Popiš atmosféru v místnosti, kde visí ticho.
سوالات متداول
1 سوالYes, 'viset' can be used in the context of capital punishment, as in 'bud
Summary
The verb 'viset' is essential for describing where objects are located when suspended. Example: 'Obraz visí na stěně' (The picture hangs on the wall). Remember it's a state, not the action of hanging.
- To be suspended from above.
- Describes a state, not an action.
- Used for physical objects, debts, and frozen computers.
- Requires locative or instrumental case for location.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر daily_life
adresa
A1The particulars of the place where someone lives
banka
A1Bank; institution for keeping money
boty
A1کلمه "boty" در زبان چکی به معنی "کفش" است. این یک اصطلاح عمومی برای انواع کفش ها مانند کفش های ورزشی، چکمه ها یا صندل ها است. در یک مغازه، ممکن است از شما بپرسند: "Chtěl byste vyzkoušet tyto boty?" (آیا می خواهید این کفش ها را امتحان کنید؟)
brzy
A1Soon or early
bunda
A1یک ژاکت یا کت کوتاه که برای گرم نگه داشتن بدن استفاده میشود.
bydlet
A1To reside or live in a place
byt
A1A set of rooms forming an individual residence
den
A1دوره 24 ساعته یا نور روز.
deštník
A1Umbrella; protection from rain
dnes
A1امروز هوا در پراگ بسیار عالی است و من میخواهم پیادهروی کنم.