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सार्वजनिक

A2 adjective #1,500 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

सार्वजनिक

Relating to or concerning all the people in a society; public.

sarvajanik رتبه 1,500

At the A1 level, you need to know that 'सार्वजनिक' (sārvajanik) simply means 'public'. It is the opposite of 'private' (निजी - nijī). You will use this word to identify places that everyone can use. For example, a park where anyone can go is a 'सार्वजनिक पार्क' (public park). A bus that anyone can ride is 'सार्वजनिक परिवहन' (public transport). If you are looking for a toilet in a market, you look for a 'सार्वजनिक शौचालय' (public toilet). It is a very useful word for survival and basic navigation in a Hindi-speaking area. You don't need to worry about complex grammar with this word; just put it before the noun you are describing. Think of it as a label that says 'for everyone'. When you see a sign with this word, you know you are allowed to be there or use that facility. Practice saying it slowly: sar-va-ja-nik. It is a long word, but because it is used so often, you will quickly get used to hearing and saying it. Remember, it does not change its spelling whether you are talking about one public place or many public places. It is a fixed, reliable adjective for beginners.

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At the A2 level, your understanding of 'सार्वजनिक' expands beyond just identifying places. You start using it to describe routines and rules. For instance, you might talk about 'सार्वजनिक अवकाश' (public holidays) when planning your schedule. You will also use it to understand basic rules, like 'सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर धूम्रपान मना है' (Smoking is prohibited in public places). You can use it to express opinions about public services, such as 'सार्वजनिक परिवहन बहुत सस्ता है' (Public transport is very cheap). At this level, you should be comfortable combining it with various common nouns to form useful phrases. You will notice it frequently in simple news headlines or community announcements. It helps you participate in basic conversations about your town or city, discussing what facilities are available to the public. You also learn to contrast it more clearly with 'निजी' (private) in sentences like 'मैं निजी कार के बजाय सार्वजनिक बस का उपयोग करता हूँ' (I use the public bus instead of a private car). This demonstrates a growing ability to make comparisons and choices in your daily life using Hindi.

At the B1 level, 'सार्वजनिक' becomes a tool for discussing broader societal concepts. You move from concrete places to abstract ideas. You will discuss 'सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य' (public health), 'सार्वजनिक शिक्षा' (public education), and 'सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा' (public safety). You can express more complex opinions, such as 'सरकार को सार्वजनिक शिक्षा में सुधार करना चाहिए' (The government should improve public education). You will encounter this word in news articles, opinion pieces, and debates. It is essential for discussing civic duties and community issues. You might talk about 'सार्वजनिक संपत्ति' (public property) and the importance of not damaging it. At this intermediate stage, you understand that 'सार्वजनिक' implies a shared responsibility and a collective benefit. You can also use it to describe events, like a 'सार्वजनिक सभा' (public meeting) or a 'सार्वजनिक भाषण' (public speech). Your vocabulary around this word grows to include related verbs and nouns, allowing you to construct detailed narratives about society, governance, and community life in Hindi-speaking regions.

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At the B2 level, you use 'सार्वजनिक' with high fluency in formal and professional contexts. You can discuss 'सार्वजनिक नीति' (public policy), 'सार्वजनिक संबंध' (public relations), and 'सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र' (public sector). You are comfortable reading complex news reports and analyzing the impact of government decisions on the public. You might use phrases like 'सार्वजनिक धन का आवंटन' (allocation of public funds) or 'सार्वजनिक जीवन में नैतिकता' (ethics in public life). You understand the nuances of public opinion ('सार्वजनिक राय') and how it shapes political discourse. At this level, you can write essays or give presentations on social issues using this vocabulary accurately. You can debate the privatization of public services, contrasting 'सार्वजनिक उपक्रम' (public enterprises) with private corporations. The word is no longer just a descriptor of a place, but a key concept in your intellectual and professional vocabulary in Hindi, allowing you to engage deeply with socio-economic and political topics.

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At the C1 level, your grasp of 'सार्वजनिक' is sophisticated and nuanced. You engage with complex texts involving law, economics, and sociology. You discuss 'सार्वजनिक विमर्श' (public discourse), 'सार्वजनिक जवाबदेही' (public accountability), and the intricacies of 'सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली' (public distribution system). You can analyze how public sentiment is manipulated or how public spaces are contested in urban environments. You use the word effortlessly in abstract arguments, such as debating the boundaries between public interest ('सार्वजनिक हित') and individual privacy. You understand the historical and cultural weight of the term in the Indian context, recognizing how public spheres have evolved. Your vocabulary includes highly specialized collocations, and you can seamlessly integrate them into academic writing, high-level professional negotiations, or sophisticated literary analysis. You appreciate the subtle shifts in register when the word is used in a legal document versus a political manifesto.

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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native, masterful command of the word 'सार्वजनिक' and its conceptual underpinnings. You can philosophize about the nature of the 'public sphere' (सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र) in the Habermasian sense, translating complex sociological theories into flawless Hindi. You analyze the dichotomy between the public and private realms in Indian constitutional law and cultural philosophy. You can deconstruct political rhetoric that weaponizes the concept of 'public good' (सार्वजनिक भलाई). Your usage is marked by extreme precision, elegance, and an intuitive understanding of historical context. You can write authoritative critiques on public administration, employing archaic or highly formalized derivatives if necessary for stylistic effect. You understand how the concept of 'सार्वजनिक' intersects with caste, class, and gender in South Asian public spaces, and you can articulate these complex intersections with academic rigor and profound cultural sensitivity.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

सार्वजनिक در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'public' or 'for everyone'.
Used as an adjective before nouns.
Opposite of 'निजी' (private).
Common in transport, places, and news.

The Hindi word सार्वजनिक (sārvajanik) is a fundamental adjective that translates to 'public' in English. It is derived from two Sanskrit roots: 'sarva' meaning 'all' and 'jana' meaning 'people'. Therefore, its literal translation is 'pertaining to all people'. Understanding this word is absolutely crucial for anyone looking to navigate daily life, read news, or engage in civic discussions in Hindi-speaking regions. The concept of the word is deeply rooted in the everyday experiences of the people, manifesting in various forms such as public transportation, public parks, public libraries, and public speaking. When we consider the implications of this adjective in the Hindi language, we must acknowledge its pervasive nature across all strata of society. It is not merely a descriptive term but a foundational element of civic life. In India, the distinction between private (निजी - nijī) and public (सार्वजनिक - sārvajanik) spaces is a significant aspect of social etiquette and legal frameworks.

Etymology: Derived from Sarva (All) and Jana (People), meaning for everyone.

यह एक सार्वजनिक स्थान है।

The word is used extensively in government communications, legal documents, and everyday conversation. For instance, when discussing public health (सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य), public interest (सार्वजनिक हित), or public property (सार्वजनिक संपत्ति), this word is the standard vocabulary choice. Furthermore, the cultural context of public spaces in South Asia adds layers of meaning to this word. A public space is often a bustling, vibrant area filled with diverse groups of people, street vendors, and continuous activity.

Usage Context: Used in formal, legal, and everyday contexts to denote shared access.

हमें सार्वजनिक संपत्ति की रक्षा करनी चाहिए।

Therefore, when you use this word, you are invoking a shared communal experience. It is essential to pronounce it correctly, emphasizing the first syllable 'sār' and smoothly transitioning through 'va-ja-nik'.

सार्वजनिक परिवहन का उपयोग करें।

In modern discourse, the term has also expanded to include digital public squares, such as social media platforms, where public opinion (सार्वजनिक राय) is formed and debated.

Digital Context: Applies to online forums and social media as modern public spaces.

यह जानकारी अब सार्वजनिक है।

The legal implications of an act being committed in a public place versus a private one are significant under Indian law, making this word critical for legal professionals and law enforcement.

वहाँ सार्वजनिक सभा हो रही है।

Ultimately, mastering the word सार्वजनिक is a stepping stone to achieving fluency and cultural competence in Hindi. It allows learners to engage with complex topics such as governance, societal norms, and communal responsibilities. By understanding its roots, its applications, and its cultural weight, learners can use it with confidence and precision in any appropriate context, enriching their vocabulary and their ability to communicate effectively with native speakers.

Using the word सार्वजनिक (sārvajanik) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and its typical collocations. As an adjective, it always precedes the noun it modifies. The structure is straightforward: [सार्वजनिक] + [Noun]. For example, to say 'public park', you would say 'सार्वजनिक पार्क' (sārvajanik pārk). To say 'public holiday', you would say 'सार्वजनिक अवकाश' (sārvajanik avkāś). The word does not change its form based on the gender or number of the noun it modifies, which makes it relatively easy for learners to use compared to inflecting adjectives.

Grammar Rule: It is an invariable adjective; it does not change with gender or number.

यह एक सार्वजनिक पुस्तकालय है।

One of the most common ways you will use this word is when asking for directions or looking for facilities. For instance, if you need to find a restroom, you might ask, 'क्या यहाँ कोई सार्वजनिक शौचालय है?' (Is there any public toilet here?). This is a highly practical and essential phrase for travelers.

Travel Context: Essential for navigating cities and finding shared amenities.

हम सार्वजनिक बस से जाएंगे।

In more formal contexts, such as writing an essay or giving a speech, you might use it to discuss societal issues. You could talk about 'सार्वजनिक शिक्षा' (public education) or 'सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा' (public safety). These collocations elevate your language level and demonstrate a deeper grasp of Hindi vocabulary.

सरकार को सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।

It is also frequently used in negative commands or warnings, such as 'सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर धूम्रपान न करें' (Do not smoke in public places). Understanding these common sentence patterns will help you comprehend signs and announcements.

Signage: Frequently appears on warning signs and public notices.

सार्वजनिक संपत्ति को नुकसान न पहुँचाएँ।

When practicing, try to substitute the English word 'public' with 'सार्वजनिक' in your daily thoughts. For example, instead of thinking 'I am taking public transport', think 'मैं सार्वजनिक परिवहन ले रहा हूँ'. This mental substitution is a powerful technique for internalizing new vocabulary.

यह खबर अब सार्वजनिक डोमेन में है।

By consistently applying these rules and practicing with common collocations, you will quickly become comfortable using this essential Hindi word in a wide variety of contexts, from casual conversations to formal writing.

You will encounter the word सार्वजनिक (sārvajanik) in a multitude of environments, making it one of the most ubiquitous words in the Hindi language. The most common place you will see and hear this word is in physical public spaces. When you travel to India or any Hindi-speaking region, you will see it printed on signs at railway stations, bus stands, and airports. Signs indicating 'सार्वजनिक टेलीफोन' (public telephone), 'सार्वजनिक शौचालय' (public toilet), and 'सार्वजनिक प्रतीक्षालय' (public waiting room) are everywhere.

Transportation: Heavily used in the context of buses, trains, and stations.

यह सार्वजनिक बस स्टैंड है।

Beyond physical signs, you will hear it constantly in the news media. Hindi news anchors frequently use the term when discussing government policies, public funds, or societal issues. Phrases like 'सार्वजनिक धन का दुरुपयोग' (misuse of public funds) or 'सार्वजनिक आक्रोश' (public outrage) are staples of daily news broadcasts.

Media: A staple vocabulary word in journalism and political reporting.

नेता ने सार्वजनिक रूप से माफ़ी मांगी।

In the workplace, especially if you are dealing with government offices or public sector undertakings (सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के उपक्रम), this word is part of the daily jargon. It distinguishes government-owned entities from private ones.

वह एक सार्वजनिक कंपनी में काम करता है।

You will also hear it during festivals and cultural events. A 'सार्वजनिक दुर्गा पूजा' or 'सार्वजनिक गणेश उत्सव' refers to community-funded, large-scale celebrations that are open to everyone, as opposed to private family pujas. This cultural nuance is vital for understanding community dynamics in India.

Festivals: Denotes community-organized events open to all neighborhoods.

हम सार्वजनिक समारोह में जा रहे हैं।

Furthermore, in the realm of digital communication, the concept of making a post 'public' is often translated using this word or its variants. When a celebrity makes a statement on social media, it is considered a 'सार्वजनिक बयान' (public statement).

उनका जीवन अब सार्वजनिक हो गया है।

By recognizing these diverse contexts, from the grimy signs of a bus terminal to the polished debates of national television, you will appreciate the immense utility and versatility of the word सार्वजनिक in the Hindi language.

While the word सार्वजनिक (sārvajanik) is relatively straightforward in its grammar, learners often make subtle mistakes in its usage, pronunciation, and context. One of the most common errors is confusing it with words that mean 'common' or 'ordinary', such as 'आम' (ām) or 'सामान्य' (sāmānya). While 'आम आदमी' means 'common man', you would not say 'सार्वजनिक आदमी' to mean the same thing; that would sound nonsensical or imply a 'publicly owned man'.

Vocabulary Confusion: Do not confuse with 'Aam' (common) or 'Samanya' (ordinary).

यह एक सार्वजनिक मुद्दा है, आम नहीं।

Another frequent mistake is in pronunciation. The word is long and has a complex consonant cluster. Learners often mispronounce the 'v' sound or swallow the 'ja' syllable. It must be articulated clearly: sār-va-ja-nik. Mispronouncing it can make it difficult for native speakers to understand you, especially in noisy environments.

Pronunciation: Ensure the 'r' in 'sar' is slightly rolled and the 'v' is distinct.

कृपया सार्वजनिक शब्द का सही उच्चारण करें।

Learners also sometimes try to pluralize the word itself, which is incorrect. Because it is an adjective, it remains invariable. You say 'सार्वजनिक स्थान' for one public place and 'सार्वजनिक स्थानों' for multiple public places. The noun changes, but the adjective 'सार्वजनिक' remains exactly the same.

सभी सार्वजनिक पार्कों को साफ रखा जाना चाहिए।

Additionally, using it in overly casual contexts can sometimes sound stilted. While it is perfectly fine to say 'सार्वजनिक शौचालय', if you are talking to a close friend about a shared secret, you wouldn't say 'इसे सार्वजनिक मत करना' (don't make it public) as often as you might just say 'किसी को मत बताना' (don't tell anyone). It has a slightly formal, official ring to it.

Register: Slightly formal; in very casual speech, simpler phrases might be preferred.

यह जानकारी सार्वजनिक करने के लिए नहीं है।

Finally, a conceptual mistake is assuming that 'public' in Hindi always implies government ownership. While it often does (like a public sector bank), it can also just mean 'open to the people' regardless of ownership, much like in English.

यह एक निजी लेकिन सार्वजनिक उपयोग का रास्ता है।

By being aware of these common pitfalls—vocabulary confusion, pronunciation errors, grammatical inflexibility, register mismatch, and conceptual nuances—you can refine your use of this important word and speak Hindi more naturally and accurately.

The Hindi language is rich with synonyms and related terms, and understanding the nuances between them and सार्वजनिक (sārvajanik) is key to achieving advanced fluency. One closely related word is 'सरकारी' (sarkārī), which means 'governmental' or 'official'. While a public hospital (सार्वजनिक अस्पताल) is often a government hospital (सरकारी अस्पताल), the terms are not always interchangeable. 'सरकारी' strictly implies state ownership or control, whereas 'सार्वजनिक' implies access or relevance to the general public.

सरकारी vs सार्वजनिक: Sarkari means government-owned; Sarvajanik means for the public.

यह सार्वजनिक पार्क सरकारी संपत्ति है।

Another similar word is 'आम' (ām), meaning 'common' or 'general'. You might hear 'आम जनता' (general public). While 'आम' describes the nature of the people (ordinary, common), 'सार्वजनिक' describes the nature of the space, policy, or information (pertaining to all).

आम vs सार्वजनिक: Aam is common; Sarvajanik is public.

यह सार्वजनिक सुविधा आम लोगों के लिए है।

The word 'लोक' (lok) is also highly relevant. It means 'people' or 'folk' and is used in compound words like 'लोकतंत्र' (democracy) or 'लोकप्रिय' (popular). While 'लोक' forms the basis of many concepts related to the public, 'सार्वजनिक' is the specific adjective used to denote 'public' in everyday practical contexts like transport or restrooms.

लोकतंत्र में सार्वजनिक राय महत्वपूर्ण है।

We must also consider the word 'सामूहिक' (sāmūhik), which translates to 'collective' or 'group'. A 'सामूहिक विवाह' is a mass wedding. While a mass event involves the public, 'सामूहिक' emphasizes the collective action of a group, whereas 'सार्वजनिक' emphasizes the open accessibility to anyone in society.

सामूहिक vs सार्वजनिक: Samuhik emphasizes collective group action; Sarvajanik emphasizes open access.

यह एक सामूहिक प्रयास है जो सार्वजनिक भलाई के लिए है।

Lastly, the Urdu-derived word 'अवामी' (awāmī) is sometimes used in similar contexts, especially in poetry, political speeches, or regions with strong Urdu influence. It means 'of the public' or 'of the masses'. However, in standard written Hindi and official communication, 'सार्वजनिक' is universally preferred and understood.

यह सार्वजनिक घोषणा सभी के लिए है।

By carefully distinguishing between these related terms, learners can elevate their Hindi from basic communication to precise, articulate expression, demonstrating a deep understanding of the language's vocabulary and cultural nuances.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

غیر رسمی

عامیانه

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

यह एक सार्वजनिक पार्क है।

This is a public park.

Simple sentence structure: Subject + Adjective + Noun + Verb.

सार्वजनिक बस कहाँ है?

Where is the public bus?

Question word 'कहाँ' (where) used with the adjective.

यह सार्वजनिक शौचालय है।

This is a public toilet.

Basic identification.

सार्वजनिक स्थान साफ रखें।

Keep public places clean.

Imperative sentence.

वह सार्वजनिक टेलीफोन है।

That is a public telephone.

Using 'वह' (that) for distant objects.

सार्वजनिक पुस्तकालय बड़ा है।

The public library is big.

Adjective describing the noun.

यह सार्वजनिक सड़क है।

This is a public road.

Basic descriptive sentence.

हम सार्वजनिक जगह पर हैं।

We are in a public place.

Using postposition 'पर' (on/at).

कल सार्वजनिक अवकाश है।

Tomorrow is a public holiday.

Expressing future events/states.

सार्वजनिक परिवहन बहुत सस्ता है।

Public transport is very cheap.

Using intensifier 'बहुत' (very).

सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर धूम्रपान मना है।

Smoking is prohibited in public places.

Passive/stative construction for rules.

मैं सार्वजनिक बस से स्कूल जाता हूँ।

I go to school by public bus.

Habitual present tense with 'से' (by).

यह खबर अब सार्वजनिक है।

This news is now public.

Using 'अब' (now) to show a change in state.

कृपया सार्वजनिक संपत्ति को नुकसान न पहुँचाएँ।

Please do not damage public property.

Formal negative imperative.

सार्वजनिक वाई-फाई यहाँ उपलब्ध है।

Public Wi-Fi is available here.

Modern vocabulary integration.

वहाँ एक बड़ी सार्वजनिक सभा थी।

There was a large public meeting there.

Past tense description.

सरकार को सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य पर अधिक खर्च करना चाहिए।

The government should spend more on public health.

Using 'चाहिए' (should) for recommendations.

सार्वजनिक शिक्षा हर बच्चे का अधिकार है।

Public education is every child's right.

Expressing abstract concepts and rights.

इस मुद्दे पर सार्वजनिक राय बँटी हुई है।

Public opinion is divided on this issue.

Using passive participle 'बँटी हुई' (divided).

सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा पुलिस की जिम्मेदारी है।

Public safety is the responsibility of the police.

Connecting abstract nouns with possession.

उन्होंने सार्वजनिक रूप से अपनी गलती मानी।

He publicly admitted his mistake.

Using 'रूप से' to create an adverb (publicly).

सार्वजनिक वितरण प्रणाली से गरीबों को राशन मिलता है।

The poor get rations from the public distribution system.

Specific governmental terminology.

यह एक सार्वजनिक हित का मामला है।

This is a matter of public interest.

Genitive construction 'का' (of).

सार्वजनिक जीवन में ईमानदारी बहुत ज़रूरी है।

Honesty is very important in public life.

Locative case 'में' (in) with abstract noun.

नई सार्वजनिक नीति का समाज पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ेगा।

The new public policy will have a deep impact on society.

Future tense with complex subject.

सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के बैंकों का विलय हो रहा है।

Public sector banks are being merged.

Present continuous passive voice.

कंपनी अपने सार्वजनिक संबंधों को सुधारने का प्रयास कर रही है।

The company is trying to improve its public relations.

Infinitive verb used as an object.

सार्वजनिक धन का दुरुपयोग एक गंभीर अपराध है।

Misuse of public funds is a serious crime.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

सार्वजनिक परिवहन के बुनियादी ढांचे में निवेश आवश्यक है।

Investment in public transport infrastructure is necessary.

Multiple nested postpositions.

इस घोटाले ने सार्वजनिक विश्वास को हिला कर रख दिया है।

This scam has shaken public trust.

Compound verb 'हिला कर रख देना' (to shake completely).

सार्वजनिक मंच पर ऐसी भाषा का प्रयोग अनुचित है।

The use of such language on a public platform is inappropriate.

Formal vocabulary and structure.

अदालत ने इसे सार्वजनिक महत्व का विषय माना।

The court considered it a matter of public importance.

Past tense narrative structure.

लोकतंत्र की सफलता एक जीवंत सार्वजनिक विमर्श पर निर्भर करती है।

The success of democracy depends on a vibrant public discourse.

Advanced vocabulary and abstract dependency.

सार्वजनिक जवाबदेही सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कड़े कानूनों की आवश्यकता है।

Strict laws are needed to ensure public accountability.

Infinitive phrase indicating purpose.

निजीकरण के दौर में सार्वजनिक उपक्रमों की प्रासंगिकता पर बहस जारी है।

In the era of privatization, the debate on the relevance of public enterprises continues.

Complex contextual framing with locative phrases.

सार्वजनिक बुद्धिजीवियों का कर्तव्य है कि वे सत्ता से सच बोलें।

It is the duty of public intellectuals to speak truth to power.

Subordinate clause with 'कि' (that).

शहरीकरण ने सार्वजनिक स्थानों की प्रकृति को मौलिक रूप से बदल दिया है।

Urbanization has fundamentally changed the nature of public spaces.

Present perfect tense with adverbs of manner.

यह नीति सार्वजनिक हित और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता के बीच संतुलन बनाती है।

This policy strikes a balance between public interest and individual liberty.

Expressing complex relationships (between X and Y).

सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य संकट के दौरान त्वरित प्रशासनिक कार्रवाई अनिवार्य है।

Swift administrative action is imperative during a public health crisis.

Use of formal administrative terminology.

डिजिटल युग में 'सार्वजनिक' और 'निजी' के बीच की सीमाएँ धुंधली हो गई हैं।

In the digital age, the boundaries between 'public' and 'private' have blurred.

Metaphorical language and complex tense.

हैबरमास का सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र का सिद्धांत आधुनिक लोकतांत्रिक समाजों को समझने के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण वैचारिक ढांचा प्रदान करता है।

Habermas's theory of the public sphere provides a crucial conceptual framework for understanding modern democratic societies.

Academic phrasing with embedded clauses.

भारतीय संदर्भ में, सार्वजनिक स्थान अक्सर जातिगत और वर्गीय पदानुक्रमों के प्रदर्शन और प्रतिवाद का अखाड़ा होते हैं।

In the Indian context, public spaces are often arenas for the display and contestation of caste and class hierarchies.

Sociological terminology and complex sentence structure.

नवउदारवादी नीतियों ने सार्वजनिक वस्तुओं के बाजारीकरण को बढ़ावा दिया है, जिससे हाशिए पर रहने वाले समुदायों की पहुँच सीमित हो गई है।

Neoliberal policies have promoted the marketization of public goods, thereby limiting access for marginalized communities.

Causal relationship expressed with 'जिससे' (thereby/due to which).

सार्वजनिक स्मृति का निर्माण और विलोपन सत्ता के विमर्श का एक अभिन्न अंग है।

The construction and erasure of public memory is an integral part of the discourse of power.

Highly abstract philosophical concepts.

न्यायपालिका को यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था के नाम पर असहमति के अधिकार को कुचला न जाए।

The judiciary must ensure that the right to dissent is not crushed in the name of public order.

Complex conditional and passive voice construction.

सार्वजनिक कूटनीति अब केवल राज्य के अभिकर्ताओं तक सीमित नहीं है, बल्कि इसमें गैर-राज्य संस्थाएं भी सक्रिय भूमिका निभा रही हैं।

Public diplomacy is no longer limited to state actors, but non-state entities are also playing an active role in it.

Correlative conjunctions 'केवल... बल्कि' (not only... but also).

महामारी ने वैश्विक सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य वास्तुकला में अंतर्निहित संरचनात्मक खामियों को उजागर कर दिया है।

The pandemic has exposed the inherent structural flaws in the global public health architecture.

Advanced technical and metaphorical vocabulary.

सांस्कृतिक राष्ट्रवाद के उभार ने सार्वजनिक प्रतीकों के अर्थ और उनके विनियोग को गहराई से प्रभावित किया है।

The rise of cultural nationalism has profoundly impacted the meaning and appropriation of public symbols.

Academic analysis of political trends.

ترکیب‌های رایج

सार्वजनिक स्थान

सार्वजनिक परिवहन

सार्वजनिक जीवन

सार्वजनिक संपत्ति

सार्वजनिक अवकाश

सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र

सार्वजनिक सभा

सार्वजनिक हित

सार्वजनिक शौचालय

सार्वजनिक वितरण

عبارات رایج

सार्वजनिक रूप से

सार्वजनिक करना

सार्वजनिक डोमेन

सार्वजनिक भलाई

सार्वजनिक मंच

सार्वजनिक धन

सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा

सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य

सार्वजनिक शिक्षा

सार्वजनिक राय

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

सार्वजनिक vs सरकारी (Sarkari) - Means government-owned, not just public access.

सार्वजनिक vs आम (Aam) - Means common or ordinary, usually applied to people or things, not access.

सार्वजनिक vs सामाजिक (Samajik) - Means social, relating to society, not necessarily public access.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

सार्वजनिक vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

note

While 'सार्वजनिक' is the most direct translation of 'public', remember that in some contexts, English uses 'public' where Hindi might prefer 'सरकारी' (government). For example, a 'public school' in the US (government-funded) is 'सरकारी स्कूल' in Hindi, whereas 'सार्वजनिक स्कूल' might sound like a school open to literally anyone without enrollment.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'सार्वजनिक' as a noun to mean 'the public' (use 'जनता' instead).
Mispronouncing it by skipping the 'v' sound (saying 'sarjanik').
Confusing it with 'सरकारी' (government) in contexts where ownership is strictly state-based.
Trying to pluralize it as 'सार्वजनिकों' (it is an invariable adjective).
Using it to mean 'common' as in 'ordinary' (use 'आम' instead).

نکات

Invariable Adjective

Never try to add endings like -ा, -े, or -ी to this word. It is always 'सार्वजनिक' regardless of the noun it modifies. This saves you from worrying about gender and number agreement.

Root Words

Remember the roots: Sarva (All) + Jana (People). This will help you deduce the meaning of other complex Hindi words that start with 'Sarva', like 'Sarvashreshth' (Best of all).

Pronunciation Practice

The word has four syllables. Tap your finger four times as you say it: sār-va-ja-nik. This physical action helps encode the rhythm of the word in your memory.

Essential Phrases

Memorize 'सार्वजनिक शौचालय कहाँ है?' (Where is the public toilet?). This is arguably the most useful phrase containing this word for any tourist in India.

News Reading

Scan Hindi newspapers for this word. You will find it almost every day in the political or local news sections. Guess the meaning of the phrase from the context.

Formal Essays

If you are taking a Hindi proficiency test, using 'सार्वजनिक' instead of simpler words will instantly boost your vocabulary score, as it demonstrates formal register competence.

Train Announcements

Listen carefully at Indian railway stations. You will frequently hear announcements regarding 'सार्वजनिक संपत्ति' (public property) and instructions not to damage it.

Public Festivals

Understand that 'सार्वजनिक' festivals in India are massive community events. If you are invited to a 'सार्वजनिक पूजा', expect a large crowd and a festive, open atmosphere.

Learn in Chunks

Don't just learn the word in isolation. Learn it as part of a chunk: 'सार्वजनिक परिवहन' (public transport) or 'सार्वजनिक स्थान' (public place). This improves fluency.

Public vs Private

Always learn this word alongside its opposite, 'निजी' (private). Contrasting pairs are easier for the brain to remember and retrieve during conversation.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'SARVA' as 'Serve All'. A public place serves all people.

ریشه کلمه

Sanskrit

بافت فرهنگی

Discussing highly personal matters in a 'सार्वजनिक' space is often frowned upon in traditional settings.

It is the standard formal term; using it in official contexts is expected and appropriate.

Using 'सार्वजनिक' correctly shows respect for shared spaces and societal norms.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"आपके शहर में सार्वजनिक परिवहन कैसा है? (How is the public transport in your city?)"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर वाई-फाई मुफ्त होना चाहिए? (Do you think Wi-Fi should be free in public places?)"

"आपके इलाके का सबसे अच्छा सार्वजनिक पार्क कौन सा है? (Which is the best public park in your area?)"

"सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं को कैसे सुधारा जा सकता है? (How can public health services be improved?)"

"क्या आप सार्वजनिक रूप से बोलने में सहज हैं? (Are you comfortable speaking publicly?)"

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your favorite 'सार्वजनिक स्थान' (public place) and why you like it.

Write about the differences between 'सार्वजनिक' (public) and 'निजी' (private) transport in your country.

Discuss a recent news event that became a matter of 'सार्वजनिक हित' (public interest).

How do people behave differently in 'सार्वजनिक' spaces compared to their homes?

Write a short essay on the importance of maintaining 'सार्वजनिक संपत्ति' (public property).

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, it is an invariable adjective. It remains 'सार्वजनिक' whether it modifies a masculine noun like 'पार्क' (park) or a feminine noun like 'बस' (bus). This makes it very easy to use for beginners.

Yes, you can say 'सार्वजनिक व्यक्ति' (public figure) or 'सार्वजनिक जीवन' (public life) to describe someone who is well-known in society, like a politician or celebrity.

'सरकारी' specifically means owned or operated by the government. 'सार्वजनिक' means open to or concerning the public. A public park is 'सार्वजनिक', but it is also 'सरकारी' if the government owns it. However, a privately owned mall is 'सार्वजनिक' (open to public) but not 'सरकारी'.

You add 'रूप से' (in the form of) to the adjective. So, 'publicly' becomes 'सार्वजनिक रूप से' (sārvajanik rūp se). For example, 'उसने सार्वजनिक रूप से माफ़ी मांगी' (He apologized publicly).

It is used in both. While it is a formal word, it is the standard term used in everyday spoken Hindi for things like public transport, public toilets, and public holidays. Everyone understands and uses it.

No, it is strictly an adjective. To refer to 'the public' as a group of people, you should use the word 'जनता' (jantā) or 'लोग' (log).

The most common antonym is 'निजी' (nijī), which means private. You will often see these two words contrasted, such as 'सार्वजनिक बनाम निजी क्षेत्र' (public vs. private sector).

The 'v' (व) in Hindi is often pronounced halfway between an English 'v' and 'w'. It should be soft, not a hard biting 'v'. Practice saying 'sār-va-ja-nik' smoothly.

In some contexts, you can use 'जन' (jan) as a prefix, like 'जनसंपर्क' (public relations) or 'जनहित' (public interest). However, as a standalone adjective, 'सार्वजनिक' is the standard.

Travelers need this word to find essential services. Knowing how to ask for a 'सार्वजनिक शौचालय' (public toilet) or 'सार्वजनिक परिवहन' (public transport) is crucial for navigating any Hindi-speaking city.

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