A1 Postpositions 1 min read آسان

Basic Postpositions of Place (alatt, felett, mellett)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Hungarian postpositions follow the noun they describe, unlike English prepositions which come before.

  • Place the postposition after the noun: 'asztal alatt' (under the table).
  • The noun usually takes no special suffix when used with these basic postpositions.
  • These words describe static location, not movement towards or away from.
Noun + Postposition = Location

Postposition Usage

Postposition Meaning Example Structure
alatt
under
asztal alatt
Noun + alatt
felett
above
polc felett
Noun + felett
mellett
next to
ház mellett
Noun + mellett

Meanings

These postpositions indicate the static physical position of an object relative to another object.

1

alatt

Under or beneath something.

“A kutya az ágy alatt alszik.”

“A cipő az asztal alatt van.”

2

felett

Above or over something.

“A lámpa az asztal felett van.”

“A madár a ház felett repül.”

3

mellett

Next to or beside something.

“A szék az asztal mellett van.”

“A ház az erdő mellett áll.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Basic Postpositions of Place (alatt, felett, mellett)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Noun + Postposition
A könyv az asztal alatt van.
Negative
Noun + Postposition + nincs
A könyv nincs az asztal alatt.
Question
Van-e + Noun + Postposition?
Van-e könyv az asztal alatt?
Personal
Postposition + Suffix
Mellettem (next to me)
Plural
Noun + Postposition
A székek az asztal mellett vannak.
Specific
Az + Noun + Postposition
Az asztal alatt.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
A macska az asztal alatt tartózkodik.

A macska az asztal alatt tartózkodik. (Describing a pet's location.)

خنثی
A macska az asztal alatt van.

A macska az asztal alatt van. (Describing a pet's location.)

غیر رسمی
A macska az asztal alatt van.

A macska az asztal alatt van. (Describing a pet's location.)

عامیانه
A macska az asztal alatt csövezik.

A macska az asztal alatt csövezik. (Describing a pet's location.)

Spatial Relationships

Object

Below

  • alatt under

Above

  • felett above

Beside

  • mellett next to

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

A könyv az asztal alatt van.

The book is under the table.

2

A lámpa az ágy felett van.

The lamp is above the bed.

3

A szék az asztal mellett van.

The chair is next to the table.

4

A kutya a ház mellett van.

The dog is next to the house.

1

A táskám az asztal alatt van, nem látom.

My bag is under the table, I don't see it.

2

A polc a kép felett van.

The shelf is above the picture.

3

Ülj le mellém!

Sit next to me!

4

A bolt a posta mellett van.

The shop is next to the post office.

1

A döntés mellett érvelt.

He argued in favor of the decision.

2

A repülő a felhők felett repül.

The plane is flying above the clouds.

3

A nyomás alatt dolgozni nehéz.

It is hard to work under pressure.

4

A házunk az erdő mellett fekszik.

Our house lies next to the forest.

1

A törvény felett állónak képzeli magát.

He imagines himself to be above the law.

2

A megbeszélés alatt nem szabad telefonálni.

During the meeting, one must not use the phone.

3

A barátaim mellettem állnak.

My friends are standing by me (supporting me).

4

A híd a folyó felett ível át.

The bridge arches over the river.

1

A korosztálya felett álló érettséggel rendelkezik.

He possesses maturity beyond his age group.

2

A nyomás alatt végzett munka minősége romlott.

The quality of work done under pressure deteriorated.

3

Kiállok az elveim mellett.

I stand by my principles.

4

A hegycsúcs a köd felett magasodik.

The mountain peak towers above the fog.

1

A hatalomgyakorlás alatt elkövetett hibák.

The errors committed during the exercise of power.

2

Az érvek mellett és ellen is szóltak.

They spoke both for and against the arguments.

3

A csillagos égbolt felettünk ragyogott.

The starry sky shone above us.

4

A felügyelet alatt tartott folyamatok.

The processes kept under supervision.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Basic Postpositions of Place (alatt, felett, mellett) در مقابل Postpositions vs Case Suffixes

Learners often try to add suffixes to postpositions.

Basic Postpositions of Place (alatt, felett, mellett) در مقابل Alatt vs Alá

Learners confuse static location (alatt) with movement towards (alá).

Basic Postpositions of Place (alatt, felett, mellett) در مقابل Mellett vs Között

Learners use 'mellett' for 'between'.

اشتباهات رایج

Alatt asztal

Asztal alatt

Hungarian is a postpositional language; the marker follows the noun.

A könyv az asztal alatt.

A könyv az asztal alatt van.

Hungarian sentences usually require a verb, even 'to be'.

Az asztal mellett van a könyv.

A könyv az asztal mellett van.

While word order is flexible, keep the subject-location-verb structure for clarity.

A szék mellett az asztal.

A szék az asztal mellett van.

Ensure the postposition is attached to the correct object.

A ház alatt van.

A ház mellett van.

Confusing spatial markers.

A polc az asztal felett.

A polc az asztal felett van.

Missing the verb 'van'.

A macska alatt az ágy.

A macska az ágy alatt van.

Incorrect noun-postposition order.

A döntés alatt állok.

A döntés mellett állok.

Using a spatial postposition for an abstract concept incorrectly.

A ház felett lakom.

A ház mellett lakom.

Confusing 'above' with 'next to'.

A megbeszélés mellett.

A megbeszélés alatt.

Confusing time vs space usage.

A törvény mellett áll.

A törvény felett áll.

Incorrect metaphorical usage.

A nyomás mellett dolgozik.

A nyomás alatt dolgozik.

Incorrect metaphorical usage.

A felügyelet mellett.

A felügyelet alatt.

Incorrect metaphorical usage.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A ___ az ___ ___ van.

A ___ nincs az ___ ___.

Szeretek az ___ ___ lakni.

A ___ az ___ ___ áll.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

A kávézó mellett vagyok.

Travel very common

A szálloda a templom mellett van.

Home constant

A kulcs az asztal alatt van.

Job Interview occasional

A nyomás alatt is jól dolgozom.

Food Delivery common

A csomag az ajtó mellett van.

Social Media common

A kép felett a felirat.

💡

Think in reverse

When you want to say 'under the table', say 'table under' in your head first.
⚠️

Don't add suffixes

Do not add case suffixes to these postpositions. They are already complete words.
🎯

Use 'van'

Always include 'van' (is) to make your sentence complete.
💬

Be precise

Hungarians value spatial accuracy. Use the correct postposition to avoid confusion.

Smart Tips

Use 'van' at the end of your sentence to sound natural.

A könyv az asztal alatt. A könyv az asztal alatt van.

Remember: Noun-Postposition (NP).

Alatt asztal. Asztal alatt.

Use the personal suffix form (e.g., mellettem).

A szék mellett én. Mellettem a szék.

Check if the postposition is used metaphorically.

A döntés alatt. A döntés mellett.

تلفظ

mel-lett

Double consonants

In 'mellett', the 'tt' is a long sound. Hold the 't' slightly longer.

fe-lett

Vowel length

The 'e' in 'felett' is short. Ensure it doesn't sound like 'é'.

Statement

A könyv az asztal alatt van. ↘

Neutral declarative statement.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

A-L-M: Alatt (Under), Le (down), Mellett (next to). Think of a cat hiding under the table (Alatt) and sitting next to you (Mellett).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a table. A cat is sleeping underneath (alatt), a lamp is hanging above (felett), and a dog is sitting right next to it (mellett).

Rhyme

Alatt is under, felett is over, Mellett is next to, like a four-leaf clover.

Story

I looked for my keys. They weren't under (alatt) the rug. I looked above (felett) the shelf. Finally, I found them next to (mellett) the door.

شبکه واژگان

alattfelettmellettasztalszékházvannincs

چالش

Look around your room right now and name 3 things using these postpositions (e.g., 'A telefon az ágy mellett van').

نکات فرهنگی

Hungarians are very precise with spatial descriptions. Using the correct postposition is seen as a sign of respect for the language.

Some dialects might use slightly different postpositions, but these three are standard everywhere.

In casual speech, 'van' is often omitted if the context is clear.

These postpositions evolved from ancient noun cases that became independent words over centuries.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Hol van a telefonod?

Szeretsz az erdő mellett lakni?

Mi van az ágyad alatt?

Mit gondolsz, a törvény felett állnak a politikusok?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your room using 'alatt', 'felett', and 'mellett'.
Where do you like to sit in a cafe and why?
Write about a time you felt 'under pressure'.
Argue for or against a recent decision in your life.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct postposition.

A könyv az asztal ___ van.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: alatt
Books are usually under or on tables, 'alatt' fits best.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A szék az asztal mellett van.
Requires subject, location, and verb.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Alatt asztal a könyv.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A könyv az asztal alatt van.
Correct word order.
Make it negative. Sentence Transformation

A lámpa az ágy felett van.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A lámpa nincs az ágy felett.
Nincs goes before the location.
Match the word to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: under, above, next to
Basic definitions.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

van / az / mellett / szék / asztal / a

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A szék az asztal mellett van.
Standard word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Hungarian postpositions come before the noun.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
They come after.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hol a kulcs? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Az asztal alatt van a kulcs.
Complete sentence is best.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct postposition.

A könyv az asztal ___ van.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: alatt
Books are usually under or on tables, 'alatt' fits best.
Choose the correct sentence. چند گزینه‌ای

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A szék az asztal mellett van.
Requires subject, location, and verb.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Alatt asztal a könyv.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A könyv az asztal alatt van.
Correct word order.
Make it negative. Sentence Transformation

A lámpa az ágy felett van.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A lámpa nincs az ágy felett.
Nincs goes before the location.
Match the word to its meaning. جفت کردن

Match: alatt, felett, mellett

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: under, above, next to
Basic definitions.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

van / az / mellett / szék / asztal / a

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A szék az asztal mellett van.
Standard word order.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Hungarian postpositions come before the noun.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
They come after.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Hol a kulcs? B: ___

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Az asztal alatt van a kulcs.
Complete sentence is best.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Because they are 'positioned' after the noun, unlike English prepositions.

No, the noun stays in its base form.

Yes, but you usually add a suffix to the postposition (e.g., 'mellettem').

Yes, they are standard in all registers.

That uses a case suffix (-ban/-ben), not a postposition.

Yes, 'alatt' is often used for time durations.

No, 'mellett' is next to, 'között' is between.

You say 'alattam'.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

German partial

Prepositions (unter, über, neben)

Word order is the main difference.

French partial

Prepositions (sous, sur, à côté de)

Positioning relative to the noun.

Spanish partial

Prepositions (bajo, sobre, al lado de)

Word order.

Japanese high

Postpositions (no shita, no ue, no tonari)

Japanese requires the 'no' particle; Hungarian does not.

Arabic low

Prepositions (tahta, fawqa, bijanib)

Positioning.

Chinese moderate

Locative particles (xia, shang, pangbian)

Chinese markers are often part of a larger locative phrase.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Case Suffixes

Builds On

You need these to express 'in' or 'on'.

Personal Suffixes

Advanced Form

Required to use postpositions with pronouns.

Verbal Prefixes

Contrast

These change the meaning of verbs, often interacting with location.

Basic Nouns

Prerequisite

You need nouns to use postpositions.

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