At the A1 level, you should understand that '成人する' (seijin suru) means becoming an adult. You might first encounter this word when learning about Japanese culture, specifically the 'Coming of Age Day' (Seijin no Hi). At this stage, think of it as a special way to say 'become 18 or 20 years old.' You don't need to worry about the complex legal nuances yet. Just remember that 'seijin' means 'adult' and 'suru' means 'to do/become.' In A1, you can use it in very simple sentences like 'I will become an adult next year' (Rainen seijin shimasu). It is helpful to associate this word with the beautiful kimonos you see in pictures of Japanese festivals in January. Even though 'otona ni naru' is easier to say, 'seijin suru' is a good 'power word' to know for cultural topics. Focus on the fact that it is a milestone. You can practice by saying your age and when you will 'seijin suru.' For example, if you are 17, you can say 'At 18, I will seijin suru.' This helps you connect the word to a specific time in life. Avoid using it for animals or plants; at this level, just use it for people reaching their big birthday.
At the A2 level, you can begin to use '成人する' in more varied sentence structures, such as using the past tense to describe yourself or others. You should know that 'seijin' is a noun and 'seijin suru' is the verb form. You might use it when talking about your family, for example, 'My brother came of age last year' (Ani wa kyonen seijin shimashita). You should also be aware of the particle 'de' to mark the age: '18-sai de seijin suru.' At this level, you can start to distinguish it slightly from 'otona ni naru.' While 'otona ni naru' can be used for any kind of 'growing up,' 'seijin suru' is specifically for that big legal step. You might hear it in simple news clips or classroom discussions about Japan. It is also a good time to learn the word 'Seijin-shiki' (Coming of Age Ceremony). You can practice by describing what people do when they 'seijin suru' in your country compared to Japan. Do they have a party? Do they wear special clothes? Using the verb 'seijin suru' makes your Japanese sound more precise and culturally informed than just using the basic 'otona' (adult).
At the B1 level, you should have a firm grasp of the legal and social implications of '成人する.' This is the level where you need to know that the legal age in Japan changed from 20 to 18 in 2022. You should be able to discuss the rights and responsibilities that come with 'seijin suru,' such as voting (touhyou) or signing contracts (keiyaku). You can use the word in complex sentences with conjunctions like 'node' (because) or 'noni' (although). For example: 'Even though he has come of age, he still acts like a child' (Seijin shita noni, mada kodomo no you ni furumau). At B1, you are expected to use the word in formal contexts, such as writing an essay about society or giving a short speech about your future. You should also understand the difference between 'seijin suru' and 'shakaijin ni naru' (becoming a working member of society). While 'seijin suru' is about age, 'shakaijin ni naru' is about employment. Being able to use these terms correctly shows that you understand Japanese social structures. You might also encounter the potential form 'seijin dekiru' or the conditional 'seijin shitara' in discussions about what one can do after reaching adulthood.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use '成人する' in nuanced discussions about sociology, law, and demographics. You can discuss the 'seijin-shiki' not just as a festival, but as a social event that reflects Japan's aging population and declining birthrate (shoushikourei-ka). You should be comfortable using the word in passive or causative forms if the context requires it, although 'seijin suru' is primarily intransitive. You should also be able to understand the word in academic or journalistic contexts where it might be used to describe the maturation of a system or a legal entity. At this level, you should be aware of the 'Drinking and Smoking' age exception (which remains 20) and be able to explain this clearly using 'seijin suru' as the baseline for other legal rights. Your vocabulary should also include related terms like 'seinen' (legal minority) and 'seinen-kouken' (adult guardianship). You can analyze how 'seijin suru' is portrayed in literature or media as a loss of innocence or a gain of freedom. Your ability to use 'seijin suru' in a debate about whether 18 is the 'right' age for adulthood would be a typical B2 task.
At the C1 level, you should use '成人する' with the precision of a native speaker, understanding its historical context and the subtle shifts in its meaning over time. You can discuss the 'Genpuku' ceremony (the historical precursor to coming of age) and how it evolved into the modern 'seijin suru' concept. You should be able to use the word in high-level discourse about civil law reform and its impact on consumer behavior among young adults. At this level, you can also use the word metaphorically in sophisticated ways, such as describing a fledgling industry that has finally 'come of age' (seijin shita) and no longer needs government protection. You should be able to pick up on the tone of the word—how it can sound celebratory in a speech but clinical in a legal document. You should also be familiar with idiomatic expressions or formal set phrases like 'seijin no nakama-iri' (joining the ranks of adults). Your writing should reflect the ability to switch between 'seijin suru' and its more formal counterpart 'seinen ni tassuru' depending on the required register. You can also critique the societal expectations placed on those who 'seijin suru' in modern Japan.
At the C2 level, your mastery of '成人する' includes an effortless understanding of its place within the entire Japanese legal and philosophical framework. You can engage in deep philosophical discussions about what it truly means to 'seijin suru' in a post-modern society, comparing it with 'Coming of Age' concepts in other cultures. You can analyze complex legal texts where 'seijin suru' is the pivotal action that changes a person's status in criminal law, civil law, and family law. You should be able to appreciate and use the word in creative writing or high-level journalism to evoke specific emotions or to make a sharp social commentary. Your understanding extends to the nuances of how the term is used in different dialects or regional variations of the 'Seijin-shiki.' You can navigate the most formal 'Keigo' (honorific Japanese) when discussing the 'seijin' of a member of the Imperial Family or other high-ranking individuals. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for precise communication across any professional or academic domain in Japan.

成人する در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Formal verb for reaching legal adulthood, usually at age 18 in Japan.
  • Used in legal, formal, and ceremonial contexts rather than casual maturity.
  • Key word for the 'Seijin no Hi' holiday and the 'Seijin-shiki' ceremony.
  • Contrasts with 'otona ni naru' which focuses more on mental or physical growth.

The Japanese verb 成人する (seijin suru) is a formal and culturally significant term that translates to 'to come of age' or 'to become an adult.' While the English phrase 'becoming an adult' can often refer to a vague process of maturing or reaching a certain birthday, the Japanese term carries a weight of legal transition and societal recognition. In Japan, this word is inextricably linked to the legal age of majority, which was historically twenty years old but was lowered to eighteen on April 1, 2022. When someone says they are going to 成人する, they are not just talking about getting older; they are discussing the acquisition of legal rights, such as the ability to sign contracts without parental consent, and the assumption of adult responsibilities within the community.

Grammatical Structure
It is a suru-verb composed of '成' (sei - to become/achieve) and '人' (jin - person). It functions as an intransitive verb.

The term is frequently used in formal speeches, news reports, and discussions regarding the law. However, it is also a common part of family vocabulary when discussing a child's milestone. It differs from the more casual '大人になる' (otona ni naru), which can describe someone acting more mature or simply growing up physically. 成人する focuses specifically on the milestone of reaching the legal age of adulthood.

日本では18歳で成人することになりました。 (In Japan, it has been decided that people come of age at eighteen.)

Culturally, the most prominent use of this word is in the context of Seijin no Hi (Coming of Age Day), held on the second Monday of January. During this time, young people who have reached or will reach the age of majority in the current academic year participate in ceremonies. Using 成人する in this context evokes images of young women in elaborate furisode (long-sleeved kimonos) and men in suits or traditional hakama. It is a moment of transition from the protection of childhood to the independence of adulthood.

Legal Nuance
Since the 2022 law change, '成人する' at 18 allows for marriage without parental consent, but drinking and smoking are still restricted until 20.

Furthermore, the word is used in medical and biological contexts to describe an organism reaching full maturity. In a sociological sense, it describes the point at which a member of society is expected to contribute and follow the rules of the adult world independently. It is a word that commands respect and implies a serious change in one's life path.

彼は成人してから、一人暮らしを始めました。 (After coming of age, he started living alone.)

Using 成人する correctly requires an understanding of its identity as a 'suru-verb' (Group 3). It is primarily an intransitive verb, meaning it does not take a direct object with the particle 'wo' in the sense of 'maturing someone else.' Instead, the subject is the person reaching adulthood. You will often see it in the plain form, polite form (成人します), or past tense (成人した).

Common Particle Usage
The particle 'de' (で) is used to indicate the age at which one comes of age: '18歳で成人する' (To come of age at 18).

When describing the state of being an adult, the noun form 成人 is often used with 'to shite' (として) to mean 'as an adult.' However, as a verb, it describes the event or process of reaching that threshold. For example, '来年成人する' (I will come of age next year) is a common way to express a future milestone. It is also frequently used in conditional sentences, such as '成人したら' (Once you come of age), to discuss future plans or rights.

息子が無事に成人したことをお祝いしました。 (We celebrated my son safely coming of age.)

In formal writing, such as legal documents or academic papers, 成人する is the standard term. In spoken Japanese, it is slightly more formal than '大人になる.' If you are at a formal ceremony, you would almost always use 成人する. Even in casual settings, when talking about the specific legal change or the ceremony, this verb is the most appropriate choice. It can also be used figuratively in some contexts to describe a project or organization reaching maturity, though this is less common than its application to people.

Conjugation Patterns
Negative: 成人しない (seijin shinai); Te-form: 成人して (seijin shite); Potential: 成人できる (seijin dekiru).

One important aspect of usage is the time frame. Because 'coming of age' is a specific point in time, the past tense '成人した' is used to indicate that the person has already crossed that threshold. The present form '成人する' can indicate a general fact or a future event. For instance, '早く成人したい' (I want to come of age quickly) expresses a desire for the independence that adulthood brings.

彼はまだ成人していないので、お酒は飲めません。 (Since he has not yet come of age, he cannot drink alcohol.)

You will encounter 成人する in several distinct environments in Japan. The most common is in the media during the month of January. Every year, news programs are filled with segments about the 'Seijin-shiki' (Coming of Age Ceremony). You will hear reporters interviewing young people, asking them how they feel now that they have 成人した. These interviews often focus on their goals for the future and their sense of responsibility toward society. In this context, the word is synonymous with hope, new beginnings, and sometimes the anxiety of leaving childhood behind.

Context: Government and Law
Government announcements regarding voting rights, consumer protection, and civil law frequently use '成人する' to define legal boundaries.

Another common place to hear this word is in educational settings. High school teachers often give 'pre-adulthood' lectures to seniors, reminding them that they will soon 成人する and that their legal status will change. This is especially true now that the age is 18, meaning many students reach adulthood while still in high school. You might hear a teacher say, 'You are about to 成人する, so you must take responsibility for your actions.' This usage emphasizes the moral and legal weight of the term.

ニュース:今年の成人する若者の数は、過去最低となりました。 (News: The number of young people coming of age this year has reached a record low.)

In family life, parents and grandparents use the word with a sense of pride and nostalgia. At a family gathering or a birthday party for an 18th or 20th birthday, a relative might say, 'It feels like just yesterday you were a baby, and now you have 成人した.' Here, the word is used to mark a significant life milestone and the passage of time. It is a word that bridges the gap between the personal experience of growing up and the societal recognition of that growth.

Social Media
On platforms like Instagram or Twitter, young people often post photos in their kimono or suits with the hashtag #成人しました (#ICameOfAge).

Finally, in the workplace, human resources departments might use the term when discussing benefits or legal requirements for employees who are just starting their careers. While most employees are already adults, the distinction is important for interns or part-time student workers. Understanding the legal implications of when a worker 成人する is crucial for compliance with labor laws.

市長:皆さんが成人したことを心からお祝い申し上げます。 (Mayor: I heartily congratulate you all on coming of age.)

While 成人する is a relatively straightforward verb, learners often make a few key mistakes, primarily related to nuance and legal context. The most frequent error is confusing 成人する with 大人になる (otona ni naru). While both can be translated as 'to become an adult,' they are not interchangeable. 成人する is specifically about the legal and societal milestone. If you say someone is 'acting like an adult' (maturely), you must use 大人になる or 大人びる. Saying someone '成人した' in a context of behavior sounds strange, as if they just legally turned 18 right then and there.

Mistake 1: Confusing Maturity with Age
Incorrect: 彼はとても成人している (He is very grown-up/mature). Correct: 彼はとても大人だ (He is very adult/mature).

Another mistake involves the recent change in the legal age. Some learners (and even some older textbooks) might still associate 成人する exclusively with the age of 20. It is important to remember that since 2022, 18 is the age of majority. However, the 'Drinking and Smoking' age remains 20. Therefore, saying 'I have 成人した, so I can drink' is legally incorrect in Japan. This nuance is a common point of confusion for both learners and locals alike.

❌ 彼は15歳なのに成人している。 (He is only 15 but has come of age - Logically impossible legally.)

Grammatically, learners sometimes try to use 成人する as a transitive verb, like 'I want to help my children 成人する.' In Japanese, you would use a causative form or a different verb like '育てる' (to raise). 成人する is something the person does themselves. Also, be careful with the particle 'ni'. While '大人になる' uses 'ni', 成人する is a suru-verb and does not typically take 'ni' before the verb itself, though you can say '成人に達する' (to reach adulthood).

Mistake 2: Particle Errors
Don't say '20歳を成人する'. Use '20歳で成人する' (Come of age AT 20) or '20歳になって成人する'.

Finally, avoid overusing the word in casual conversation. If you are just talking about your kids growing up and getting taller, '大きくなる' (to get big/grow up) is much more natural. 成人する sounds very 'official,' so using it while looking at a growth chart on the wall might sound a bit too stiff for a casual home environment.

❌ 早く成人して背が高くなりたい。 (I want to come of age and get tall - Mixing legal status with physical growth.)

To truly master 成人する, you should understand how it compares to other words related to growth and maturity. The most common alternative is 大人になる (otona ni naru). While 成人する is legal and formal, 大人になる is broad and can mean anything from 'reaching a certain age' to 'becoming emotionally mature.' If you tell someone 'You've become an adult' after they handle a difficult situation well, you would say '大人になったね.'

Comparison: 成人する vs. 成長する
成人する: Reaching the legal age of 18/20.
成長する (seichou suru): To grow or develop (physically, mentally, or even a company's growth).

Another related word is 自立する (jiritsu suru), which means 'to become independent.' A person might 成人する (turn 18) but not yet 自立する (still living with parents, no job). Conversely, someone might 自立する before they legally 成人する. In discussions about social responsibility, 社会人になる (shakaijin ni naru) is also very common. This literally means 'to become a member of society' and usually refers to the point when someone finishes their education and starts their first full-time job.

比較:
1. 彼は18歳で成人した。(Legal)
2. 彼は就職して社会人になった。(Social/Work)
3. 彼は一人暮らしをして自立した。(Independence)

For more literary or biological contexts, you might see 成熟する (seijuku suru), which means 'to ripen' or 'to mature.' This is often used for fruit, wine, or the physical maturation of an animal. Using 成熟する for a person implies a deep, seasoned maturity, often beyond just the legal age. On the other end of the spectrum, 大人びる (otonabiru) means 'to look or act like an adult' and is typically used for children or teenagers who seem older than they are.

Formal Alternatives
成年に達する (seinen ni tassuru): To reach the age of majority (very formal/legal).
成人を迎える (seijin wo mukaeru): To welcome/reach adulthood (often used in ceremonies).

Understanding these distinctions helps you sound more natural. For example, a parent might say, 'I want my child to 成人する' (meaning reach that milestone safely), but they would also say, 'I hope they 立派な大人になる' (become a fine adult - referring to character). Each word targets a different facet of the journey from childhood to the rest of one's life.

ワインが成熟する。 (The wine matures - NOT 成人する.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Historically, the transition to adulthood was marked by ceremonies like 'Genpuku' for boys, where they changed their hair and clothes. The modern term '成人する' became standard with the implementation of the Civil Code in the Meiji era.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK seɪ.dʒɪn.sɯ.ɾɯ
US seɪ.dʒɪn.sʊ.ru
Flat pitch (Heiban). All syllables are generally pronounced with similar emphasis.
هم‌قافیه با
Teijin suru (to stay) Meijin suru (to master - rare) Keijin suru (to warn - rare) Heijin suru Reijin suru Seijin Keijin Meijin
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'sei' as 'see' (it should be 'say').
  • Emphasizing the 'u' in 'suru' too much (it is often whispered/devoiced).
  • Confusing the 'j' in 'jin' with a 'z' sound.
  • Over-rolling the Japanese 'r'.
  • Misplacing the pitch accent on 'seijin'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Kanji are common but require knowing the 'sei' and 'jin' readings.

نوشتن 3/5

The kanji for 'sei' (成) has a specific stroke order that can be tricky.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce as a suru-verb.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clearly audible in news and formal contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

大人 (otona) 人 (hito) なる (naru) 誕生日 (tanjoubi) 法律 (houritsu)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

社会人 (shakaijin) 自立 (jiritsu) 責任 (sekinin) 権利 (kenri) 義務 (gimu)

پیشرفته

成年後見制度 (seinen kouken seido) 民法 (minpou) 通過儀礼 (tsuuka girei) 成熟 (seijuku) 成達 (seitatsu)

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs (Group 3)

勉強する、成人する、旅行する

Particle 'de' for age

18歳で成人する。

Conditional 'tara'

成人したら、選挙に行きます。

Nominalization with 'no'

成人するのは大変だ。

Te-form for 'since'

成人して以来、忙しい。

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

私は来年、成人します。

I will come of age next year.

Polite future form of 'seijin suru'.

2

兄はもう成人しました。

My older brother has already come of age.

Past tense 'shimashita' indicates the event has happened.

3

18歳で成人します。

One comes of age at 18.

The particle 'de' marks the age.

4

成人する日はいつですか?

When is the day you come of age?

Using the dictionary form to modify the noun 'hi' (day).

5

早く成人したいです。

I want to come of age soon.

The 'tai' form expresses desire.

6

彼女はまだ成人していません。

She has not come of age yet.

Negative 'te-iru' form for a continuing state.

7

日本で成人するのは18歳です。

In Japan, coming of age is at 18.

The nominalizer 'no' turns the verb into a noun phrase.

8

おめでとう!成人したね。

Congratulations! You've come of age.

Casual past tense with the particle 'ne'.

1

成人したら、一人で旅行したいです。

When I come of age, I want to travel alone.

Conditional 'tara' form.

2

弟が成人するのを家族で祝いました。

The family celebrated my younger brother coming of age.

Verb + 'no wo' to make the action the object of 'iwau'.

3

成人してから、もっと勉強するようになりました。

Since coming of age, I have started to study more.

'Te kara' indicates 'since/after'.

4

成人する前に、この本を読んでください。

Please read this book before you come of age.

'Mae ni' (before) follows the dictionary form.

5

多くの若者が1月に成人します。

Many young people come of age in January.

Generic statement about a group.

6

成人しても、親に感謝しています。

Even though I've come of age, I am grateful to my parents.

'Te mo' indicates 'even if/even though'.

7

彼は成人したばかりです。

He has just come of age.

'Bakari' indicates something just happened.

8

成人するのは、とても大切なことです。

Coming of age is a very important thing.

Nominalizing the verb to make it the subject.

1

成人すると、自分の責任で契約ができます。

Upon coming of age, you can sign contracts on your own responsibility.

Conditional 'to' indicating a natural consequence.

2

法改正により、18歳で成人することになりました。

Due to a legal change, it was decided that people come of age at 18.

'Koto ni naru' indicates a decision made by others/society.

3

成人したといっても、まだ学生です。

Even though I said I've come of age, I'm still a student.

'To itte mo' means 'even though one says'.

4

成人したからには、ルールを守らなければなりません。

Now that you have come of age, you must follow the rules.

'Kara ni wa' means 'now that/since'.

5

成人する若者のために、セミナーが開かれました。

A seminar was held for young people coming of age.

'Tame ni' indicates purpose or benefit.

6

彼女は無事に成人して、立派な社会人になりました。

She safely came of age and became a fine member of society.

Connecting two clauses with the 'te' form.

7

成人する年齢を下げることには、賛否両論あります。

There are pros and cons to lowering the age of coming of age.

Complex noun phrase as a subject.

8

成人しても、お酒は20歳まで飲めません。

Even if you come of age, you cannot drink alcohol until 20.

Using 'te mo' to show a limitation.

1

成人するということは、権利だけでなく義務も伴います。

Coming of age entails not only rights but also obligations.

'To iu koto wa' explains the meaning of a concept.

2

彼は成人して以来、一度も実家に帰っていません。

Since coming of age, he hasn't returned to his parents' home even once.

'Te irai' means 'ever since'.

3

成人するにあたって、将来の目標を再確認しました。

Upon coming of age, I reconfirmed my future goals.

'Ni atatte' is a formal way to say 'on the occasion of'.

4

少子化の影響で、成人する人の数は年々減少しています。

Due to the declining birthrate, the number of people coming of age is decreasing year by year.

Causal relationship in a formal context.

5

成人したばかりの彼に、そんな重い責任は負わせられません。

We cannot burden him, who has just come of age, with such heavy responsibility.

Causative-passive potential form.

6

成人するのを機に、自立を決意しました。

I decided to become independent, taking coming of age as an opportunity.

'Wo ki ni' means 'taking something as an opportunity'.

7

成人したからといって、急に性格が変わるわけではありません。

Just because one has come of age doesn't mean their personality changes suddenly.

'Kara to itte... wake de wa nai' (Just because... doesn't mean...).

8

成人する過程で、多くの困難に直面することでしょう。

In the process of coming of age, one will likely face many difficulties.

Using 'deshou' for conjecture.

1

成人するという社会的契機が、若者の意識をどう変えるかが課題だ。

The issue is how the social turning point of coming of age changes the consciousness of young people.

Highly formal academic structure.

2

成人した市民として、政治に参加する権利を行使すべきです。

As citizens who have come of age, you should exercise your right to participate in politics.

Using 'seijin shita' as an attributive adjective.

3

成人する年齢の引き下げは、消費者被害の拡大を招く懸念がある。

There are concerns that lowering the age of majority may lead to an increase in consumer damage.

Journalistic style with complex noun clauses.

4

彼が成人するまで、この財産は信託銀行が管理します。

Until he comes of age, this property will be managed by a trust bank.

Legal context using 'made'.

5

成人して間もない若者をターゲットにした悪徳商法が後を絶たない。

Unscrupulous business practices targeting young people who have just come of age are never-ending.

'Ma mo nai' means 'soon after'.

6

成人するということは、過去の自分に別れを告げる儀式でもある。

Coming of age is also a ritual of saying goodbye to one's past self.

Philosophical definition using 'dearu'.

7

成人するに際し、両親から家宝の時計を譲り受けた。

Upon coming of age, I inherited a family heirloom watch from my parents.

'Ni saishi' is a very formal version of 'at the time of'.

8

日本社会において、成人するということは共同体への正式な加入を意味した。

In Japanese society, coming of age meant formal entry into the community.

Past tense 'imi shita' for historical context.

1

成人するというパラダイムの変容が、現代の教育制度に再考を迫っている。

The transformation of the paradigm of coming of age is forcing a reconsideration of the modern educational system.

Advanced sociological terminology.

2

国民が成人する際、国家はその法的地位の変更を厳格に公示する。

When a citizen comes of age, the state strictly publicizes the change in their legal status.

Legalistic and formal phrasing.

3

成人するという行為が、生物学的な成熟と法的な規定の狭間で揺れ動いている。

The act of coming of age fluctuates between biological maturation and legal stipulations.

Philosophical and abstract language.

4

未成年者が成人する過程における心理的葛藤は、文学の永遠のテーマである。

The psychological conflict in the process of a minor coming of age is an eternal theme in literature.

Literary analysis style.

5

成人する年齢を巡る議論は、単なる数字の問題ではなく、文化的なアイデンティティの問題だ。

The debate surrounding the age of coming of age is not merely a matter of numbers, but a matter of cultural identity.

'Wo meguru' (surrounding/concerning).

6

成人した暁には、自らの意志で人生を切り拓いていく覚悟が必要だ。

Once you have come of age, you need the determination to carve out your own life by your own will.

'Akatsuki ni wa' means 'once something is achieved'.

7

成人するという通過儀礼は、近代化とともにその宗教的色彩を失っていった。

The rite of passage of coming of age lost its religious coloring along with modernization.

Historical/Sociological observation.

8

彼が成人するのを待たずして、事態は急展開を迎えた。

Without waiting for him to come of age, the situation took a sudden turn.

'Matazu shite' is a literary way to say 'without waiting'.

مترادف‌ها

大人になる 成年に達する 一人前になる 社会人になる 自立する 成人を迎える 成熟する 成達する

متضادها

未成年のままでいる 子供でいる 幼稚な 早世する

ترکیب‌های رایج

18歳で成人する
無事に成人する
成人した若者
成人する権利
成人する年齢
晴れて成人する
成人するのを祝う
成人するにあたり
成人したばかり
早く成人したい

عبارات رایج

成人の仲間入り

— Joining the ranks of adults. Used when someone reaches the legal age.

今日から成人の仲間入りですね。

新成人

— New adult. Refers to people who have recently come of age.

新成人の皆さんにエールを送ります。

成人式

— Coming of Age Ceremony. The formal event held in January.

成人式のために振袖を予約した。

成人の日

— Coming of Age Day. A national holiday in Japan.

成人の日は毎年1月の第2月曜日です。

成人病

— Adult-onset diseases. Now more commonly called 'lifestyle-related diseases'.

成人病の予防には食生活が大切だ。

成人指定

— Adults only / Rated R. Used for movies or content.

この映画は成人指定されている。

成人向け

— For adults. Often refers to mature content or products.

これは成人向けの雑誌です。

成人雑誌

— Adult magazines. Specifically those with mature themes.

成人雑誌の販売を規制する。

立派に成人する

— To grow up into a fine adult. Focuses on quality of character.

彼は立派に成人した。

成人としての自覚

— Awareness/consciousness as an adult. Sense of responsibility.

成人としての自覚を持って行動しなさい。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

成人する vs 大人になる

Broadly means growing up; 成人する is specifically legal/milestone-based.

成人する vs 成長する

Refers to physical or mental development, not a legal status change.

成人する vs 社会人になる

Refers to getting a job and joining the workforce, which can happen before or after coming of age.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"成人の仲間入りをする"

— To join the ranks of adults; to reach the age of majority.

彼はついに成人の仲間入りをした。

Neutral
"羽を広げて成人する"

— To grow up and fly away (like a bird leaving the nest).

子供たちは羽を広げて成人していった。

Literary
"成人して親を越える"

— To grow up and surpass one's parents.

彼は成人して、いつの間にか親を越えていた。

Neutral
"成人して一人歩きする"

— To come of age and stand on one's own feet (or for an idea to take on a life of its own).

その噂は成人して一人歩きを始めた。

Figurative
"成人して世に出る"

— To come of age and enter the world/society.

成人して世に出る準備をする。

Formal
"成人して角が取れる"

— To grow up and lose one's sharp edges (become more mellow).

彼も成人して少し角が取れたようだ。

Neutral
"成人して目が出る"

— To grow up and finally show one's potential/talent.

彼は成人してから急に目が出た。

Neutral
"成人して身を立てる"

— To come of age and establish oneself in a career.

成人して自ら身を立てる。

Formal
"成人して恥をかく"

— To grow up but still embarrass oneself (due to lack of maturity).

成人して恥をかかないようにマナーを学ぶ。

Neutral
"成人して恩を返す"

— To grow up and repay the kindness of those who raised you.

成人して親に恩を返したい。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

成人する vs 成熟 (seijuku)

Both mean 'becoming an adult' in some sense.

成熟 focuses on internal maturity or biological readiness, while 成人 is about legal age.

果実が成熟する (Fruit matures). / 18歳で成人する (Come of age at 18).

成人する vs 自立 (jiritsu)

Often happens at the same time as coming of age.

自立 is the act of becoming independent; 成人 is the legal fact of reaching an age.

彼は成人したが、まだ自立していない。

成人する vs 大人びる (otonabiru)

Relates to being an adult.

大人びる means to *look* or *act* like an adult (often used for children).

あの子は話し方が大人びている。

成人する vs 一人前 (ichininmae)

Means being a 'full person'.

一人前 is a social/professional status (being capable); 成人 is legal.

早く一人前の大工になりたい。

成人する vs 成年 (seinen)

Very similar kanji.

成年 is the noun for 'majority' (legal status); 成人 is the person or the act of becoming one.

成年に達する。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A2

[Age]歳で成人する。

彼は18歳で成人する。

B1

成人したら、[Action]ことができる。

成人したら、一人で家を借りることができる。

B1

成人したといっても、[Contrast]。

成人したといっても、まだ親に頼っている。

B2

成人するにあたって、[Resolution]。

成人するにあたって、将来の夢を語った。

B2

成人するのを機に、[Change]。

成人するのを機に、タバコをやめた(※20歳の場合)。

C1

成人した市民として、[Duty]。

成人した市民として、投票に行くべきだ。

C1

成人する年齢の[引き下げ/引き上げ]。

成人する年齢の引き下げが議論されている。

C2

成人するのを待たずして、[Event]。

成人するのを待たずして、彼は家督を継いだ。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

成人 (seijin) - Adult
未成年 (miseinen) - Minor
成人式 (seijin-shiki) - Coming of Age Ceremony
成年 (seinen) - Legal majority

فعل‌ها

成人する (seijin suru) - To come of age
大人びる (otonabiru) - To look/act like an adult

صفت‌ها

成人した (seijin shita) - Adult/Grown-up (past participle)
成人向けの (seijin muke no) - For adults

مرتبط

成長 (seichou) - Growth
成熟 (seijuku) - Maturity
自立 (jiritsu) - Independence
社会人 (shakaijin) - Working member of society
二十歳 (hatachi) - Twenty years old

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High, especially in January and in discussions about legal rights.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using '成人する' to mean 'acting mature'. 大人になる / 大人びる

    成人する is strictly about the legal milestone of age.

  • Saying '20歳を成人する'. 20歳で成人する

    Use the particle 'de' to indicate the age at which the action happens.

  • Thinking you can drink at 18 because you '成人した'. Drinking age is 20.

    Legal adulthood and the legal drinking age are different in Japan.

  • Using 成人する for a puppy growing up. 大きくなる / 成体になる

    成人 is only for humans (人).

  • Mixing up 成人 (seijin) and 聖人 (seijin - saint). Context is key.

    They are homophones. Ensure the context is about age, not religion.

نکات

Suru-Verb Conjugation

Remember that 成人する conjugates like any other suru-verb. Practice the 'shita', 'shite', and 'shinai' forms to be fluent.

Seijin no Hi

If you are in Japan in January, look for people in kimonos. They are the ones who have just 成人した.

18 vs 20

Always clarify if you are talking about legal rights (18) or drinking/smoking (20) to avoid confusion.

Antonyms

Learning 'miseinen' (minor) alongside 'seijin' will help you understand legal discussions better.

Speeches

If you ever have to give a speech at a Japanese birthday party, '成人' sounds much more respectful than 'otona'.

Responsibility

Using 'seijin' implies you are talking about the responsibilities of being an adult, not just the age.

Writing 成

Pay attention to the last two strokes of '成'. They are often written incorrectly by learners.

News Keywords

When you hear 'shins-seijin', it refers to the cohort of people who reached the age of majority that year.

Transition

Use 成人する to describe the *event* of turning 18. Use 'otona' to describe the *state* of being grown up.

Daily Life

Try saying 'I came of age at [Age]' in Japanese: '私は[Age]歳で成人しました'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'SAY-JIN' as 'Say, you're a person (jin) now!' because you have finally achieved (sei) adulthood.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a young person in a colorful kimono (for Seijin no Hi) stepping through a gate labeled '18'.

شبکه واژگان

Law 18 years old Seijin-shiki Kimono Responsibility Voting Contracts January

چالش

Try to use '成人する' in a sentence describing the legal age in your own country. Then, use it to describe a family member who recently turned 18 or 21.

ریشه کلمه

Composed of two Sino-Japanese characters (Kanji): 成 (sei) and 人 (jin). '成' means to become, achieve, or complete. '人' means person. Together, they literally mean 'to become a person,' implying the completion of one's development into a full member of society.

معنای اصلی: Reaching the stage of a full-fledged human being.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing drinking and smoking. Even though one has 'seijin shita' at 18, those specific acts are illegal until 20. Avoid sounding like you are encouraging underage drinking.

In English-speaking countries, we often say 'turning 18' or 'reaching the age of majority.' There isn't a single national holiday equivalent to 'Seijin no Hi' that applies to everyone reaching adulthood.

Seijin no Hi (National Holiday) Civil Code of Japan (Minpou) Coming of Age Day speeches by famous figures

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a Coming of Age Ceremony

  • 成人おめでとうございます。
  • 成人式の会場はどこですか?
  • 今日、成人しました。
  • 成人としての抱負を語る。

Discussing Laws

  • 18歳で成人する法律。
  • 成人する年齢の引き下げ。
  • 成人したら契約ができる。
  • 未成年と成人する人の違い。

Family Milestones

  • 子供が成人するまで育てる。
  • 無事に成人してくれて嬉しい。
  • 成人のお祝いを贈る。
  • 息子が成人した記念写真。

Medical/Biological

  • 成人の平均身長。
  • 成人してから発症する病気。
  • 成人の一日の摂取カロリー。
  • 成人の体格に成長する。

News/Media

  • 今年成人する若者の数。
  • 成人したばかりの有名人。
  • 新成人の抱負を聞く。
  • 成人式の騒動がニュースになる。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"あなたの国では、何歳で成人しますか? (At what age do people come of age in your country?)"

"成人したら、一番最初に何をしたいですか? (What is the first thing you want to do once you come of age?)"

"日本の成人式についてどう思いますか? (What do you think about Japan's Coming of Age Ceremony?)"

"成人するということは、どんな責任があると思いますか? (What kind of responsibilities do you think coming of age involves?)"

"あなたは自分が成人したと感じた瞬間はいつですか? (When was the moment you felt you had truly come of age?)"

موضوعات نگارش

私が成人した日の思い出について書きます。 (Write about your memories of the day you came of age.)

成人するということが、18歳に引き下げられたことへの意見。 (My opinion on the coming of age age being lowered to 18.)

成人してから変わった自分の考え方について。 (About how my way of thinking has changed since coming of age.)

理想の「成人」とはどのような人か。 (What kind of person is an ideal 'adult' who has come of age?)

成人する子供に送りたいアドバイス。 (Advice I want to give to a child who is about to come of age.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No. Until March 2022, it was 20. Since April 2022, the legal age for 成人する is 18. However, many cultural habits still focus on 20.

Generally, no. For animals, you would use '成体になる' (seiti ni naru) or '大人になる'. 成人 specifically refers to humans (人).

No, it is intransitive. You cannot '成人する' someone else. You would use '成人にさせる' (make someone an adult) or '育てる' (raise).

成人 is a formal/legal term. 大人 is a general term for anyone who isn't a child. You can call a 30-year-old an 'otona', but 'seijin' is usually used for the milestone.

No. In Japan, even though you 成人する at 18, the legal age for drinking and smoking remains 20.

It is called 成人式 (Seijin-shiki).

Not really. It is a formal word. Young people might use it ironically or formally on social media, but it's not a slang term.

Metaphorically, yes. A startup that has become stable might be said to have 'seijin shita', but this is literary.

Usually 'de' for age (18-sai de) or 'wo' with the noun form (seijin wo mukaeru).

Yes, especially in 'slice of life' anime where characters graduate high school and face the transition to adulthood.

خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال

writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I will come of age next year.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'He has not come of age yet.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'After coming of age, I want to live alone.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'In Japan, you come of age at 18.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'My daughter safely came of age last month.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'Upon coming of age, one must take responsibility.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'There are many rights that come with coming of age.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I am looking forward to the Coming of Age Ceremony.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'Even if you come of age, drinking is from 20.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'The age of majority was lowered to 18.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using '成人したばかり'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using '成人したら'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using '成人おめでとう'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'Social responsibility increases after coming of age.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I want to be independent before I come of age.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'He is a new adult.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'The number of people coming of age is decreasing.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'I bought a suit because I'm coming of age.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'Since coming of age, his personality has changed.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Japanese: 'It is a ritual to become an adult.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

あなたはいつ成人しましたか?(または、いつ成人しますか?)

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人したら、どんなことをしたいですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

日本の成人式について、どう思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

あなたの国では、成人のお祝いに何をしますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

18歳で成人するのは、早すぎると思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人としての責任とは何だと思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人してから、一番変わったことは何ですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人式の日に着る服は、何がいいと思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人したばかりの人に、アドバイスをしてください。

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

「大人になる」と「成人する」の違いを説明してください。

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

新成人の皆さんに、お祝いのメッセージを言ってください。

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人してから、自分で契約をしたことがありますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人した子供を持つ親は、どんな気持ちだと思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人年齢を18歳に下げるメリットは何ですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人したら、選挙に行きますか?なぜですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人した実感は、いつ湧きましたか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人向けのアニメや映画について、どう思いますか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人してから、親との関係はどう変わりましたか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

「成人」という言葉から連想する色は何ですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

成人した後の人生で、一番大切にしたいことは何ですか?

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listening Transcript: '私は来年、18歳になります。やっと成人するので、とても嬉しいです。' Q: 彼女は来年何歳になりますか?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listening Transcript: '日本では成人しても、お酒は20歳まで飲めません。気をつけてくださいね。' Q: お酒は何歳から飲めますか?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listening Transcript: '成人式の日は、朝早くから美容院に行って着付けをしてもらいます。' Q: 成人式の日の朝、どこに行きますか?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listening Transcript: '息子が無事に成人して、親としての肩の荷が下りた気がします。' Q: 話し手は今どんな気持ちですか?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listening Transcript: '新成人の皆さん、今日から皆さんは社会の一員です。責任ある行動を。' Q: 誰に向けたメッセージですか?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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Listening Transcript: '成人してからというもの、彼は毎日遅くまで働いています。' Q: 彼はいつから毎日遅くまで働いていますか?

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Listening Transcript: '今年の成人式の参加人数は、去年より100人少なかったそうです。' Q: 参加人数はどうなりましたか?

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Listening Transcript: '成人指定のコンテンツが含まれています。18歳未満の方はご遠慮ください。' Q: 15歳の人はこれを見てもいいですか?

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Listening Transcript: '成人するにあたって、彼は両親に手紙を書きました。' Q: 彼は誰に何をしましたか?

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Listening Transcript: '晴れて成人した彼女の姿は、とても美しかったです。' Q: 彼女の姿はどうでしたか?

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Listening Transcript: '成人してから、初めて一人で海外旅行に行きました。' Q: 彼女はいつ海外旅行に行きましたか?

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Listening Transcript: '法改正により、成人年齢が引き下げられました。混乱も多いようです。' Q: 成人年齢はどうなりましたか?

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Listening Transcript: '成人したといっても、まだ学生のうちは親の助けが必要です。' Q: 学生のうちは何が必要ですか?

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Listening Transcript: '成人式の振袖は、お母さんが昔着たものだそうです。' Q: 振袖は誰のものですか?

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Listening Transcript: '早く成人して、自分の力で生きていきたいと言っています。' Q: 彼は何をしたいと言っていますか?

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