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A1 noun #3,346 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

自動車

jidōsha رتبه 3,346

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 自動車 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 自動車 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 自動車 (jidousha) as a formal word for 'car'. You will mostly see it on signs or in textbooks. At this stage, you only need to know that it is the same thing as 'kuruma' but sounds more 'official'. You might learn it when talking about basic transport or when learning the kanji for 'self' (自), 'move' (動), and 'car' (車). Simple sentences like 'This is a car' (Kore wa jidousha desu) are sufficient. Focus on recognizing the three kanji characters together, as they are very common in Japanese public life. You don't need to use it in conversation yet; 'kuruma' is much better for your daily needs. However, knowing 'jidousha' will help you understand announcements at train stations or read simple signs in the street.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 自動車 in more specific contexts. You should be able to describe basic actions involving a car using slightly more formal language. For example, instead of just saying 'kuruma ni noru' (get in a car), you might understand 'jidousha ni jousha suru' (board an automobile) in a public announcement. You will also encounter compound words like 'denki jidousha' (electric car) or 'keijidousha' (light car), which are common in Japan. You should be able to use the counter 'dai' correctly with jidousha (e.g., jidousha ga nidai arimasu). At this level, you are starting to distinguish between personal life (where you use kuruma) and public information (where you see jidousha).

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By B1, you should be comfortable using 自動車 in formal situations, such as a job interview or a presentation about technology. You should understand phrases related to driving laws and maintenance, such as 'jidousha unten menkyo' (automobile driving license) or 'jidousha no seibi' (automobile maintenance). You can discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of automobiles using appropriate adjectives. You should also be aware of the 'jidousha sangyou' (automobile industry) and its importance to Japan's economy. Your ability to switch between 'kuruma' and 'jidousha' based on the listener shows that you are moving beyond basic communication into more nuanced Japanese.

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At the B2 level, you can use 自動車 to discuss complex topics such as environmental issues, urban planning, and economic trends. You should be able to read news articles about 'jidousha no haishutsu gasu kisei' (automobile emission regulations) or 'jidousha no jidou unten gijutsu' (autonomous driving technology for automobiles). You can explain the technical differences between various types of vehicles and understand the legal terminology used in insurance or traffic court. You should also be familiar with the history of the automobile in Japan and how it has shaped modern society. Your vocabulary should include related technical terms like 'sharyou' (vehicle) and 'nenpi' (fuel efficiency).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of 自動車 within the broader context of Japanese society and law. You can analyze academic papers or legal documents that use the term in precise ways. You understand the subtle differences in register between 'jidousha', 'sharyou', and 'jouyousha' in professional writing. You can engage in high-level debates about the future of the 'jidousha sangyou' and its transition to sustainable energy. You are also aware of the cultural significance of the automobile in Japanese literature and film. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from a native speaker's, perfectly matching the formal or technical requirements of any professional setting.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 自動車 and its related semantic field is complete. You can interpret the most complex legal statutes regarding 'jidousha sonshitsu baishou hoshou hou' (Automobile Liability Security Act) without difficulty. You can use the term in creative writing or high-level journalism to evoke a specific tone of clinical precision or official weight. You are capable of discussing the philosophical implications of 'jidou unten' (autonomous driving) and the changing nature of human-vehicle interaction. You can effortlessly navigate the most technical engineering discussions or the highest levels of corporate strategy within the automotive sector, using 'jidousha' and its derivatives with absolute precision and cultural fluency.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

自動車 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Formal and technical term for an automobile or motor vehicle, used in official, industrial, and news contexts.
Composed of the kanji for 'self' (自), 'move' (動), and 'car' (車), literally meaning 'self-moving vehicle'.
Should be distinguished from the casual 'kuruma', which is preferred in daily conversation with friends and family.
Appears frequently in compound words like 'denki jidousha' (electric car) and 'jidousha gakkou' (driving school).

The Japanese word 自動車 (じどうしゃ - jidousha) is the formal and technical term for an automobile or a motor vehicle. While English speakers might use the word 'car' in almost every context, Japanese has a distinct split between the everyday word kuruma and the official word jidousha. Understanding when to use which is a key marker of linguistic maturity in Japanese.

Literal Meaning: The word is composed of three kanji: 自 (ji - self), 動 (dou - move), and 車 (sha - vehicle). Together, they literally translate to 'self-moving vehicle,' which perfectly mirrors the etymology of the English word 'auto-mobile' (auto = self, mobile = moving).

私は新しい自動車を買いたいと思っています。 (I am thinking about wanting to buy a new automobile.)

In the context of the Japanese economy, the 'jidousha sangyou' (automobile industry) is a cornerstone of the nation's global identity. Companies like Toyota, Honda, and Nissan are referred to as 'jidousha meekaa' (automobile makers). When you see signs on the road or in parking lots, you will often see the kanji 自動車 because legal signage requires the formal term. For instance, a 'driving school' is officially called a 'jidousha gakkou.'

Professional Context: In professional writing, such as insurance policies, manufacturing reports, or legal statutes regarding traffic laws, the term 'kuruma' is almost never used. Instead, 'jidousha' or even more specific terms like 'sharyou' (vehicle) are preferred to ensure precision and maintain a formal tone.

この道路は自動車専用です。 (This road is exclusively for automobiles.)

Furthermore, the term extends into various sub-categories that you will encounter frequently. The 'Kei-jidousha' (light automobile) is a uniquely Japanese category of small vehicles with yellow license plates, designed for narrow streets and tax efficiency. Understanding 'jidousha' allows you to navigate these official classifications easily.

Grammar Note: As a noun, 自動車 functions simply. It can be the subject of a sentence followed by 'ga' or 'wa', or the object followed by 'o'. It is often combined with other nouns to form compound words without the need for the particle 'no', such as 'jidousha zeisai' (automobile tax system).

日本の自動車技術は世界的に有名です。 (Japanese automobile technology is world-famous.)

電気自動車の普及が進んでいます。 (The spread of electric automobiles is progressing.)

大型の自動車が通り抜けるのは難しい。 (It is difficult for large automobiles to pass through.)

In summary, while 'kuruma' is the word of the heart and the home, 'jidousha' is the word of the law, the industry, and the public square. Mastering its use ensures you sound professional and precise when discussing transportation in Japan.

Using 自動車 correctly requires an understanding of its role as a formal noun. It is most frequently paired with verbs of movement, possession, or action. For example, to say 'to drive a car,' you would use 'jidousha o unten suru.' Note that 'unten' (driving) is the formal pairing, whereas 'kuruma o unten suru' is also common, but 'jidousha' elevates the register.

Verb Pairings: Common verbs used with jidousha include: 運転する (unten suru - to drive), 所有する (shoyuu suru - to own), 製造する (seizou suru - to manufacture), and 整備する (seibi suru - to maintain/service).

自動車を運転するときは、免許証が必要です。 (When driving an automobile, a driver's license is required.)

In complex sentences, 'jidousha' often acts as the head of a noun phrase. For instance, 'jidousha no buhin' (car parts) or 'jidousha no hoken' (car insurance). Here, the particle 'no' shows possession or relationship. In formal reports, you might see 'jidousha ni yoru jiko' (accidents caused by automobiles).

Adjective Usage: Adjectives like 高価な (kouka na - expensive), 安全な (anzen na - safe), and 便利な (benri na - convenient) frequently modify jidousha in formal assessments or marketing materials.

最近は、安全性の高い自動車が人気です。 (Recently, automobiles with high safety standards are popular.)

Another important aspect is the use of counters. When counting automobiles in a formal or technical sense, the counter 台 (dai) is used. For example, 'jidousha ni-dai' (two automobiles). This is standard for all machinery and vehicles.

Formal Phrases: Phrases like 'jidousha wo teisha saseru' (to bring the automobile to a stop) are used by police or in technical manuals, whereas a driver would just say 'kuruma wo tomeru'.

彼は自動車の整備士として働いています。 (He is working as an automobile mechanic.)

この駐車場には、多くの自動車が停まっています。 (Many automobiles are parked in this parking lot.)

自動運転の自動車が開発されています。 (Self-driving automobiles are being developed.)

In conclusion, 'jidousha' is the noun you reach for when you want to sound authoritative, precise, or technical. It serves as the foundation for many compound nouns in the world of transportation and industry.

You will hear 自動車 in environments where professionalism and clarity are paramount. One of the most common places is on the news. News anchors reporting on traffic accidents, the economy, or environmental regulations will exclusively use 'jidousha'. For example, 'Jidousha jiko ga hassei shimashita' (An automobile accident has occurred).

The Driving School: Every person in Japan who wants to drive must attend a 'Jidousha Gakkou' or 'Jidousha Kyoushuujo'. From the moment you enter the building until you receive your license, the instructors and the textbooks will refer to the vehicle as 'jidousha'.

明日は自動車学校の試験があります。 (Tomorrow, I have an exam at the driving school.)

Another frequent location is the car dealership. While the salesperson might use 'kuruma' to build rapport and sound friendly, the formal contracts, brochures, and technical specifications will all use 'jidousha'. When they talk about 'jidousha kensa' (vehicle inspection, commonly known as 'shaken'), the formal term is always used.

Public Announcements: In train stations or public parks, announcements regarding parking or traffic safety will use 'jidousha'. For example: 'Jidousha no shinnyuu wa kinshi desu' (Entry of automobiles is prohibited).

警察は自動車の盗難に注意を呼びかけています。 (The police are calling for caution regarding automobile theft.)

You will also encounter it in academic and educational settings. Textbooks for children often introduce 'jidousha' as the primary word for the category of vehicles, helping them learn the kanji early on. In university lectures on engineering or economics, 'jidousha' is the standard terminology.

Signage: Road signs indicating 'Automobile Only' (自動車専用 - Jidousha Sen'you) are ubiquitous on highways across Japan. This is perhaps the most common visual encounter with the word.

この博物館には、古い自動車がたくさん展示されています。 (Many old automobiles are on display in this museum.)

将来、空飛ぶ自動車ができるかもしれません。 (In the future, flying automobiles might be created.)

彼は自動車メーカーのエンジニアです。 (He is an engineer for an automobile manufacturer.)

In summary, 'jidousha' is the word of the public domain. It is heard wherever there is a need for official communication, technical expertise, or formal reporting.

The most frequent mistake learners make with 自動車 is using it in overly casual situations. If you are talking to a friend and say 'Jidousha de ikou' (Let's go by automobile), it sounds oddly stiff, almost like you are reading from a manual. In that context, 'Kuruma de ikou' is the correct choice.

Register Mismatch: Using 'jidousha' when 'kuruma' is expected can make you sound like a robot or a very formal official. It's not grammatically wrong, but it's socially 'off'.

✕ 友達と自動車で遊びに行く。 (Going out with friends by automobile. - Too formal)
○ 友達と車で遊びに行く。 (Going out with friends by car.)

Another mistake is the misuse of particles in compound words. Learners often try to put 'no' between 'denki' and 'jidousha' (denki no jidousha). While understandable, the standard term is simply 'denki jidousha' as a single compound noun.

Counter Errors: Learners sometimes use the general counter 'tsu' (hitotsu, futatsu) for cars. Always use 'dai' (ichidai, nidai) when counting 'jidousha'.

✕ 自動車を二つ持っています。 (I have two automobiles. - Incorrect counter)
○ 自動車を二台持っています。 (I have two automobiles. - Correct counter)

Pronunciation can also be a pitfall. Ensure the 'ou' in 'jidou' is a long vowel. Saying 'jidosha' (short 'o') is a common error that can make the word hard to recognize for native speakers. The rhythm should be ji-dou-sha (3 beats, but the second beat is long).

Semantic Overextension: Do not use 'jidousha' for motorcycles (tansha/baiku) or trains (densha). It specifically refers to four-wheeled motor vehicles.

この自動車はガソリンで動きます。 (This automobile runs on gasoline.)

中古の自動車を販売しています。 (We sell used automobiles.)

彼は自動車の運転がとても上手です。 (He is very good at driving automobiles.)

By being mindful of the register, the counter, and the specific vehicle type, you can avoid these common pitfalls and use 'jidousha' like a pro.

While 自動車 is the standard formal term, there are several other words you should know to navigate different levels of formality and specificity.

車 (Kuruma): The most common alternative. It is used in 90% of daily conversations. It can refer to any wheeled vehicle but almost always means 'car'.

Comparison: 自動車 (Formal/Technical) vs 車 (Casual/General).

車両 (Sharyou): This term is even more technical than 'jidousha'. It translates to 'rolling stock' or 'vehicle' and is used by railway companies or in very high-level logistics and legal contexts.

乗用車 (Jouyousha): Specifically refers to a 'passenger car'. This is used to distinguish cars meant for people from trucks (torakku) or buses (basu).

普通乗用車 (Standard passenger car) is a common category on toll road price lists.

マイカー (Mai-kaa): A 'Wasei-eigo' (Japanese-made English) term meaning 'one's own car'. It is used when talking about the concept of private car ownership as opposed to using public transport.

四輪車 (Yonrinsha): Literally 'four-wheeled vehicle'. This is used in technical comparisons against 'nirinsha' (two-wheeled vehicles/motorcycles).

この橋は、自動車のみ通行可能です。 (Only automobiles are allowed to pass through this bridge.)

自動車の排気ガスが問題になっています。 (Automobile exhaust gas is becoming a problem.)

彼は自動車の部品を輸出しています。 (He exports automobile parts.)

Understanding these alternatives allows you to choose the exact right word for the situation, whether you are chatting with a neighbor, buying a car, or writing a thesis on urban planning.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

When cars first arrived in Japan, they were sometimes called 'jirikisha' (self-power vehicle) to contrast with 'jinrikisha' (human-power vehicle/rickshaw).

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /dʒɪˈdəʊ.ʃə/

US /dʒiˈdoʊ.ʃɑ/

Flat (Heiban) - In Japanese, the pitch remains relatively level throughout the word.

هم‌قافیه با

Jitensha (Bicycle) Densha (Train) Shoubousha (Fire engine) Kyuukyuusha (Ambulance) Tansha (Motorcycle) Jousha (Boarding) Kousha (Alighting) Heisha (Closing a company)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing it as 'ji-do-sha' with a short 'o' instead of 'ji-dou-sha'.
Confusing the 'ji' sound with 'chi'.
Stress the 'sha' too heavily.
Mixing it up with 'jitensha'.
Applying English word stress (like au-to-mo-BILE).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji are common but require practice to write correctly.

نوشتن 3/5

The kanji '動' (dou) has many strokes and can be tricky for beginners.

صحبت کردن 1/5

The pronunciation is straightforward once you master the long 'ou'.

گوش دادن 1/5

It is a very distinct word that is easy to pick out in speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

車 (Kuruma) 自 (Ji - Self) 動 (Dou - Move) 人 (Hito) 行く (Iku)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

運転 (Unten - Driving) 免許 (Menkyo - License) 道路 (Douro - Road) 信号 (Singou - Traffic light) 駐車場 (Chuushajou - Parking lot)

پیشرفته

内燃機関 (Nainen kikan - Internal combustion engine) 排気量 (Haikiryou - Engine displacement) 車検 (Shaken - Vehicle inspection) 物流 (Butsuryuu - Logistics) 自動運転 (Jidou unten - Autonomous driving)

گرامر لازم

Counters (台 - dai)

自動車が三台あります。

Means of Transport (で - de)

自動車で行きます。

Noun Compounds

電気自動車 (No 'no' particle needed).

Formal vs. Casual Register

自動車 (Formal) vs 車 (Casual).

Kanji Combination (Kango)

自 + 動 + 車 = 自動車.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

これは自動車です。

This is an automobile.

Basic 'A wa B desu' structure.

自動車は速いです。

Automobiles are fast.

Using an adjective (hayai) to describe the noun.

父は自動車を持っています。

My father has an automobile.

Using 'motte imasu' for possession.

赤い自動車が見えます。

I can see a red automobile.

Using a color adjective before the noun.

自動車で行きましょう。

Let's go by automobile.

Using 'de' to indicate means of transportation.

あそこに自動車があります。

There is an automobile over there.

Using 'arimasu' for inanimate existence.

この自動車はきれいです。

This automobile is beautiful/clean.

Using 'kirei' (na-adjective) as a predicate.

自動車が好きです。

I like automobiles.

Using the 'ga suki' pattern.

自動車を二台買いました。

I bought two automobiles.

Using the counter 'dai' for vehicles.

電気自動車は静かです。

Electric automobiles are quiet.

Compound noun: denki + jidousha.

自動車の運転は難しいですか？

Is driving an automobile difficult?

Noun + no + Noun structure.

毎日、自動車を洗います。

I wash the automobile every day.

Using 'o' as the direct object marker.

新しい自動車のカタログを見ました。

I looked at the catalog for the new automobile.

Multiple 'no' particles connecting nouns.

自動車学校に通っています。

I am attending a driving school.

Specific compound term: jidousha gakkou.

この道は自動車が通れません。

Automobiles cannot pass through this road.

Potential verb form: tooreru (can pass).

自動車の中に鍵を忘れました。

I forgot the keys inside the automobile.

Using 'no naka' for 'inside'.

自動車の保険に入らなければなりません。

I must get automobile insurance.

Using 'nakereba narimasen' for obligation.

日本の自動車メーカーは世界中で有名です。

Japanese automobile manufacturers are famous all over the world.

Compound noun: jidousha meekaa.

自動車の整備を自分でするのは大変です。

It is hard to do automobile maintenance by oneself.

Gerund-like use of 'no' (maintenance-ing).

自動車事故に遭わないように注意してください。

Please be careful not to get into an automobile accident.

Using 'youni' to express a goal or warning.

彼は自動車の輸出入に関する仕事をしています。

He is doing work related to the import and export of automobiles.

Complex noun phrase with 'ni kansuru'.

最近、自動車の価格が上がっています。

Recently, the price of automobiles has been rising.

Present continuous state with 'te imasu'.

自動車の税金を払う時期になりました。

The time has come to pay the automobile tax.

Compound noun: jidousha-zei.

高速道路は自動車専用の道路です。

The expressway is a road exclusively for automobiles.

Using 'sen'you' for 'exclusive use'.

自動車の排気ガスが環境に与える影響は大きいです。

The impact of automobile exhaust gas on the environment is significant.

Relative clause modifying 'eikyou'.

自動運転技術の進化により、自動車の安全性が向上しました。

Due to the evolution of autonomous driving technology, the safety of automobiles has improved.

Using 'ni yori' to indicate a cause or means.

自動車産業は、日本の経済成長を支えてきました。

The automobile industry has supported Japan's economic growth.

Using 'te kita' for an action continuing from the past.

多くの人々が、自動車の所有から共有へとシフトしています。

Many people are shifting from owning automobiles to sharing them.

Using 'kara... e to' for a shift in direction.

自動車の設計において、燃費の向上は重要な課題です。

In automobile design, improving fuel efficiency is an important challenge.

Using 'ni oite' for 'in/at/regarding'.

都市部では、自動車の利用を制限する動きがあります。

In urban areas, there are movements to restrict the use of automobiles.

Noun + o + verb-base + suru + noun.

自動車の盗難を防ぐために、最新のセキュリティを導入した。

In order to prevent automobile theft, I introduced the latest security.

Using 'tame ni' for purpose.

自動車の歴史を学ぶことで、技術の進歩を実感できる。

By learning the history of automobiles, one can feel the progress of technology.

Using 'koto de' to indicate a means or method.

自動車の普及が、都市構造の変容をもたらした。

The spread of automobiles brought about a transformation in urban structure.

Formal verb 'motarasu' (to bring about).

次世代の自動車には、AIによる高度な判断機能が求められている。

Next-generation automobiles are required to have advanced judgment functions powered by AI.

Passive voice 'motomerarete iru'.

自動車の損害賠償責任に関する法整備が進められている。

Legal frameworks regarding automobile damage liability are being advanced.

Technical legal terminology.

自動車の製造過程における脱炭素化が急務となっている。

Decarbonization in the automobile manufacturing process has become an urgent task.

Noun phrase with 'ni okeru' and 'kyuumu'.

自動運転車が普及すれば、自動車保険の概念も根本から変わるだろう。

If autonomous vehicles become widespread, the concept of automobile insurance will likely change fundamentally.

Conditional 'ba' and 'darou' for speculation.

自動車のグローバルな供給網が分断されるリスクが懸念されている。

There are concerns about the risk of global automobile supply chains being disrupted.

Passive voice 'ken'en sarete iru'.

自動車の軽量化は、エネルギー効率を高めるための鍵となる。

Making automobiles lighter is the key to increasing energy efficiency.

Using 'kagi to naru' (becomes the key).

自動車文化は、個人の自由と移動の権利を象徴してきた。

Automobile culture has symbolized individual freedom and the right to mobility.

Formal verb 'shouchou suru' (to symbolize).

自動車という存在が、現代社会のモビリティの根幹を成している事実は否定できない。

The fact that the existence of the automobile forms the basis of mobility in modern society cannot be denied.

Double negative 'hitei dekinai' for emphasis.

内燃機関から電気モーターへの転換は、自動車史におけるパラダイムシフトである。

The transition from internal combustion engines to electric motors is a paradigm shift in automobile history.

Academic term 'paradigm shift'.

自動車の自動化が進む中で、運転という行為の倫理的責任が問われている。

As the automation of automobiles progresses, the ethical responsibility of the act of driving is being questioned.

Abstract noun 'rinriteki sekinin'.

自動車の意匠設計には、機能性と審美性の高度な融合が求められる。

In the design of automobiles, a high-level fusion of functionality and aesthetics is required.

Technical terms 'ishou sekkei' and 'shinbisei'.

自動車の普及がもたらした都市の郊外化は、社会構造を根本的に変質させた。

The suburbanization of cities brought about by the spread of automobiles fundamentally altered the social structure.

Causative-like formal structure 'henshitsu saseta'.

自動車のライフサイクルアセスメントを通じて、環境負荷を精緻に評価する。

Through the life cycle assessment of automobiles, we precisely evaluate the environmental burden.

Highly technical technical term 'Life Cycle Assessment'.

自動車の所有権の概念は、サブスクリプション型の利用モデルの台頭により揺らいでいる。

The concept of automobile ownership is being shaken by the rise of subscription-based usage models.

Metaphorical verb 'yuraide iru'.

自動車というテクノロジーが、時間と空間の知覚をいかに変容させたかを考察する。

We will consider how the technology known as the automobile has transformed the perception of time and space.

Formal investigative structure 'ikani... ka o kousatsu suru'.

مترادف‌ها

車乗用車自家用車車両四輪車オート

متضادها

自転車徒歩船

ترکیب‌های رایج

自動車を運転する

自動車保険

自動車事故

自動車メーカー

電気自動車

自動車税

自動車学校

自動車部品

軽自動車

自動車専用道路

عبارات رایج

自動車の運転免許

— An automobile driver's license. This is the full formal name for a license.

やっと自動車の運転免許を取りました。

自動車を所有する

— To own an automobile. Used in formal surveys or legal contexts.

自動車を所有するには維持費がかかります。

自動車を整備する

— To maintain or service an automobile. Used by mechanics or in manuals.

定期的に自動車を整備してください。

自動車の排気ガス

— Automobile exhaust gas. Used in environmental discussions.

自動車の排気ガスが空気を汚している。

自動車の盗難

— Automobile theft. Used in police reports and security ads.

自動車の盗難に気をつけてください。

自動車の販売台数

— The number of automobiles sold. Used in economic news.

先月の自動車の販売台数は減少した。

自動運転の自動車

— A self-driving automobile. A modern term for autonomous vehicles.

自動運転の自動車が未来を変える。

自動車を買い換える

— To replace one's automobile (buy a new one).

十年ぶりに自動車を買い換えた。

自動車ローン

— An automobile loan. Used in banking and sales.

自動車ローンを組んで新車を買う。

自動車の故障

— Automobile breakdown or failure.

高速道路で自動車の故障が起きた。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

自動車 vs 自転車 (Jitensha)

A bicycle. Very similar kanji and sound, but 'ten' (roll) vs 'dou' (move).

自動車 vs 電車 (Densha)

An electric train. Both are vehicles, but 'den' (electricity) vs 'jidou' (self-moving).

自動車 vs 自動 (Jidou)

Automatic. This is the first part of 'jidousha'. Don't use it alone to mean car.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"自動車並み"

— At a speed or level comparable to an automobile. Often used to describe fast bicycles or animals.

彼の自転車の速さは自動車並みだ。

Informal

"自動車を転がす"

— Literally 'to roll the car', but idiomatic for 'to drive around' casually.

週末は自動車を転がして海へ行く。

Slang-ish

"火の車"

— While it contains 'sha' (car), it means 'to be in desperate financial straits'. Not directly related to automobiles but a common 'car' idiom.

家計が火の車だ。

General

"自動車のハンドルを握る"

— To take the wheel of an automobile; to be the one in control.

彼が自動車のハンドルを握ると性格が変わる。

Neutral

"自動車を飛ばす"

— To drive an automobile very fast (literally 'to fly the car').

急いでいたので自動車を飛ばした。

Informal

"自動車を乗り回す"

— To drive an automobile around aimlessly or for pleasure.

彼は新しい自動車を乗り回している。

Informal

"自動車の足"

— Using an automobile as one's 'feet' (means of transport).

田舎では自動車が生活の足だ。

Neutral

"自動車の顔"

— The 'front' or 'face' of an automobile (the grille and headlights).

この自動車の顔は個性的だ。

Neutral

"自動車を手放す"

— To let go of an automobile (sell it or scrap it).

引っ越しを機に自動車を手放した。

Neutral

"自動車に魂を売る"

— To sell one's soul to the automobile (becoming obsessed with cars).

彼は自動車に魂を売ったマニアだ。

Informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

自動車 vs 車 (Kuruma)

They both mean 'car'.

Kuruma is casual/daily; Jidousha is formal/technical. You would call your own car 'kuruma' but a news report would call it 'jidousha'.

私の車 (My car) vs 自動車事故 (Automobile accident).

自動車 vs 車両 (Sharyou)

Both mean 'vehicle'.

Sharyou is more technical and includes trains/trams; Jidousha is specifically for road motor vehicles.

この車両は禁煙です (This [train] car is non-smoking).

自動車 vs 乗用車 (Jouyousha)

Both refer to cars.

Jouyousha is a sub-category of jidousha, specifically for carrying people (passenger car) rather than goods (truck).

普通乗用車 (Standard passenger car).

自動車 vs 四輪車 (Yonrinsha)

Both refer to four-wheeled cars.

Yonrinsha is a technical term used to distinguish from two-wheeled vehicles (motorcycles).

四輪車の免許 (A 4-wheel license).

自動車 vs オートバイ (Ootobai)

Both are motor vehicles.

Ootobai is a motorcycle; Jidousha is a car. Despite the 'auto' in both, they are distinct in Japanese.

自動車とオートバイの衝突 (Collision between a car and a motorcycle).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun] は自動車です。

あれは自動車です。

自動車を [Counter] 台持っています。

自動車を一台持っています。

自動車の [Noun] が [Adjective] です。

自動車の運転が楽しいです。

自動車によって [Verb Phrase]。

自動車によって移動が楽になった。

自動車の [Abstract Noun] が問われている。

自動車の安全性が問われている。

自動車という [Category] において...

自動車というカテゴリーにおいて、革新が起きている。

自動車を [Verb-te] みる。

新しい自動車を運転してみる。

自動車で [Place] に行く。

自動車で海に行く。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

車 (Kuruma - Car)

車両 (Sharyou - Vehicle)

乗用車 (Jouyousha - Passenger car)

軽自動車 (Keijidousha - Light car)

فعل‌ها

運転する (Unten suru - To drive)

乗車する (Jousha suru - To board a vehicle)

停車する (Teisha suru - To stop a vehicle)

صفت‌ها

自動車的な (Jidoushateki na - Automobile-like/Automotive)

مرتبط

エンジン (Enjin - Engine)

タイヤ (Taiya - Tire)

ガソリン (Gasorin - Gasoline)

道路 (Douro - Road)

駐車場 (Chuushajou - Parking lot)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very common in writing and formal speech; less common in casual speech.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'jidousha' with friends. → Use 'kuruma'.
It sounds too formal and robotic in a casual setting.
Saying 'jidosha' (short o). → Say 'jidousha' (long o).
The long vowel is essential for correct Japanese pronunciation.
Confusing 'jidousha' and 'jitensha'. → Jidousha = car, Jitensha = bicycle.
They sound similar, but the middle kanji changes the meaning completely.
Using the wrong counter (e.g., jidousha hitotsu). → Jidousha ichidai.
Vehicles must be counted using the 'dai' counter.
Adding 'no' in 'denki no jidousha'. → Denki jidousha.
In Japanese, many technical compound nouns do not require the 'no' particle.

نکات

When in doubt, use 'kuruma'

If you are speaking, 'kuruma' is almost always safe. Only use 'jidousha' if you want to sound like a news reporter or if you're reading a sign.

Master the kanji '車'

The kanji for 'car' (車) is a radical in many other characters. Learning it well now will help you later with words like 'densha' (train) and 'yushutsu' (export).

Always use 'dai'

Never count cars with 'tsu' or 'nin'. Machines and vehicles always use 'dai'.

Long 'ou' sound

Ensure the 'dou' (どう) is stretched. A common mistake is saying 'jidosha', which sounds clipped and incorrect.

Yellow License Plates

When you see a 'keijidousha' (light car), notice the yellow license plate. This is a unique part of Japanese automobile culture.

Listen for 'jidou'

The prefix 'jidou' (automatic) is used in many words like 'jidou hanbaiki' (vending machine). Recognizing it will help you understand 'jidousha' better.

Learn the compounds

Words like 'denki jidousha' (EV) are very common now. Learning 'jidousha' gives you access to a whole family of transport words.

Traffic Signs

If you see '自動車通行止' (Jidousha Tsuukoudome), it means 'No Automobiles Allowed'. Knowing this word can literally save your life or a fine!

Business Japanese

If you work in the tech or manufacturing sector, 'jidousha' is the only word you should use in reports and meetings.

Self-Moving-Wheel

Break the kanji down: Self (自) + Moving (動) + Wheel (車). It’s a wheel that moves itself!

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'JI' (Self), 'DOU' (Motion), and 'SHA' (Car). It is a 'Self-Motion-Car'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a car driving itself with no driver – 'Self-Moving'.

شبکه واژگان

Toyota Honda Nissan Road Gasoline License Tire Engine

چالش

Try to spot five different 'jidousha' on your way home and name their colors in Japanese.

ریشه کلمه

The word was coined during the Meiji Era (late 19th century) as a translation for the Western concept of the 'automobile'. Before this, vehicles were mostly animal-drawn or human-powered.

معنای اصلی: Self-moving (jidou) vehicle (sha).

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that in some highly urban areas like central Tokyo, owning a 'jidousha' is seen as an expensive luxury or even a burden due to high parking costs.

In English, we say 'car' for everything. In Japanese, using the 'jidousha' vs 'kuruma' distinction is vital for sounding natural.

The Initial D series (focuses on car culture). Toyota City in Aichi Prefecture (a city named after a car company). The Tokyo Motor Show (now Japan Mobility Show).

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a Car Dealership

この自動車の燃費は？
試乗できますか？
見積もりをお願いします。
中古の自動車はありますか？

At the Driving School

自動車の運転を習う。
仮免許を取りました。
学科試験は難しいです。
技能教習を受けます。

Reporting an Accident

自動車事故に遭いました。
警察を呼んでください。
保険会社に電話します。
怪我はありません。

Technical/Engineering Discussion

自動車の構造を学ぶ。
エンジンの性能が高い。
新しい材料を使う。
設計を修正する。

Environmental Policy

自動車の規制を強化する。
電気自動車を推奨する。
環境への負荷を減らす。
持続可能な交通。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"どんな自動車が好きですか？ (What kind of automobiles do you like?)"

"自動車の運転免許を持っていますか？ (Do you have an automobile driver's license?)"

"最近、電気自動車が増えましたね。 (Electric automobiles have increased recently, haven't they?)"

"将来、どんな自動車に乗りたいですか？ (What kind of automobile do you want to ride in the future?)"

"あなたの国では、どの自動車メーカーが人気ですか？ (In your country, which automobile manufacturer is popular?)"

موضوعات نگارش

あなたが初めて自動車を運転した時のことを書いてください。 (Write about the first time you drove an automobile.)

将来、自動運転の自動車は普及すると思いますか？ (Do you think self-driving automobiles will become widespread in the future?)

自動車がある生活とない生活、どちらが良いですか？ (Which is better: a life with an automobile or a life without one?)

日本の自動車産業についてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about the Japanese automobile industry?)

理想の自動車をデザインしてみてください。 (Try to design your ideal automobile.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

You can, but it sounds very stiff and formal. It's like saying 'I shall depart in my motor vehicle' instead of 'I'm taking the car'. Use 'kuruma' instead.

Yes, legally and technically, a truck (torakku) is a type of 'jidousha'. However, in daily life, people just call it a 'torakku'.

'Jidousha' is specifically for road-going motor vehicles like cars and buses. 'Sharyou' is a broader term that includes train carriages and industrial vehicles.

Use the counter 'dai'. For example: ichidai (one), nidai (two), sandai (three).

It means 'Automobiles Only'. These signs are usually found at highway entrances to tell cyclists and pedestrians they cannot enter.

It refers to a 'light automobile', a specific Japanese category of small cars with engines under 660cc, often marked with yellow license plates.

It is a Kango (Sino-Japanese) word, which is why it sounds more formal and is written with three kanji characters.

No. A motorcycle is 'nirinsha' (two-wheeled vehicle) or 'ootobai'. 'Jidousha' implies a four-wheeled vehicle.

Yes, many companies use it in their full legal name, such as 'Toyota Jidousha Kabushiki-gaisha' (Toyota Motor Corporation).

It is written as 自動車. 自 (self), 動 (move), and 車 (car/wheel).

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