B1 noun خنثی #10,000 پرکاربردترین 2 دقیقه مطالعه

記述式

/kizutsushiki/
تمرین کن نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

Overview

記述式 (kijutsushiki) refers to a type of question or exam format that requires written answers, often in the form of essays, short answer responses, or detailed explanations. It stands in contrast to multiple-choice (選択式 - sentakushiki) or true/false formats, where examinees select from given options.

In Japan, '記述式' questions are commonly used in various educational and professional settings to assess a deeper understanding of a subject, critical thinking skills, and the ability to articulate thoughts clearly and coherently. For instance, university entrance exams often include extensive '記述式' sections, particularly in humanities, social sciences, and some natural sciences, where students are expected to write essays or provide detailed solutions to problems.

Key characteristics of '記述式' questions include:

**Open-endedness**

There isn't a single 'correct' answer to choose from; instead, examinees are expected to construct their own responses.

**Assessment of higher-order thinking**

Beyond mere recall, these questions often test analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application of knowledge.

**Emphasis on articulation**

The quality of the written expression, including grammar, vocabulary, logical flow, and organization, is often as important as the content itself.

**Demonstration of understanding**

Examinees must show not just what they know, but how they understand and can explain complex concepts.

Preparing for '記述式' exams typically involves extensive practice in writing, structuring arguments, and developing analytical skills. Students might be advised to read widely, practice summarizing complex texts, and engage in debates to hone their ability to formulate and express well-reasoned opinions. For example, in a history exam, a '記述式' question might ask students to analyze the causes and consequences of a particular historical event, requiring them to synthesize information from various sources and present a cohesive argument.

In a professional context, '記述式' questions might appear in certification exams or job applications, where candidates are asked to explain their approach to a hypothetical problem, describe their experience in a specific area, or outline their vision for a project. This allows employers to gauge communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and depth of knowledge beyond what can be captured in a resume or multiple-choice test.

مثال‌ها

1

記述式の問題は、解答者の思考力や表現力を評価するのに適しています。

教育

Essay format questions are suitable for evaluating a test-taker's thinking and expressive abilities.

2

この試験では、記述式と選択式の両方の問題が出題されます。

試験

In this exam, both essay format and multiple-choice questions will be given.

3

彼女は記述式の問題で高得点を取り、合格を勝ち取った。

試験結果

She scored highly on the essay format questions and passed the exam.

4

記述式の解答は、採点に時間がかかる傾向があります。

採点

Essay format answers tend to take a long time to grade.

5

レポートは記述式で提出してください。

指示

Please submit your report in an essay format.

ترکیب‌های رایج

記述式問題
記述式試験
記述式解答
記述式答案

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

記述式 vs 論述式 (ronjutsushiki)

Both 記述式 (kijutsushiki) and 論述式 (ronjutsushiki) refer to types of questions or exams requiring written answers. However, 記述式 (kijutsushiki) generally implies a more descriptive answer, where the focus is on accurately writing down facts or explanations. 論述式 (ronjutsushiki), on the other hand, implies a more argumentative or essay-like answer, where the focus is on developing a logical argument, expressing one's own opinion, or analyzing a topic in depth. So, while 記述式 might ask 'Explain the process of photosynthesis,' 論述式 might ask 'Discuss the environmental impacts of deforestation and propose solutions.'

الگوهای دستوری

〜形式の試験 (〜keishiki no shiken): an exam in the format of ~ (e.g., 記述式の試験 - a descriptive format exam) 〜問題 (〜mondai): ~ question (e.g., 記述式問題 - a descriptive format question) 〜で答える (〜de kotaeru): to answer in ~ (e.g., 記述式で答える - to answer in a descriptive format)

نحوه استفاده

When encountering 'kijutsushiki' (記述式) in a Japanese educational context, it specifically refers to questions or exam sections that require written answers, ranging from short explanations to full essays. It's distinct from 'takushiki' (択式), which refers to multiple-choice or selection-based questions. The term implies a need for a detailed, self-composed response rather than simply choosing from given options. For example, a teacher might say, 'Konkai no shiken wa kijutsushiki ga ooi desu,' meaning, 'There will be many essay-format questions on this exam.' In a test setting, instructions for a section might be labeled '記述式問題' (kijutsushiki mondai), indicating that written answers are expected. When preparing for such questions, students are typically advised to focus on understanding the core concepts thoroughly and practicing their ability to articulate their knowledge clearly and concisely.

اشتباهات رایج

A common mistake with 記述式 questions is not fully understanding the scope or specific requirements of the prompt. Students often either write too generally, missing crucial details, or they focus on minor points without addressing the main topic comprehensively. Another frequent error is poor organization; without a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, even well-reasoned answers can be difficult to follow and score poorly. Additionally, insufficient linguistic proficiency, such as grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, or a limited vocabulary, can hinder the effective communication of ideas, leading to lower marks. Lastly, not managing time effectively and leaving parts of the essay incomplete or rushing the conclusion is a significant drawback.

ریشه کلمه

The Japanese word '記述式' (kijutsushiki) is a compound noun formed from '記述' (kijutsu) and '式' (shiki). '記述' (kijutsu) means 'description,' 'narration,' or 'statement.' It is itself composed of two kanji: '記' (ki) and '述' (jutsu). '記' (ki) signifies 'to write,' 'to record,' or 'to chronicle.' Its origins can be traced back to ancient pictograms representing a person speaking or a record being made. Over centuries, its form evolved to the current kanji, maintaining its core meaning related to documentation and memory. '述' (jutsu) means 'to state,' 'to express,' or 'to relate.' This kanji also has deep roots in classical Chinese and Japanese. It often implies a detailed or sequential recounting of events or ideas. Combined with '記', it emphasizes the act of writing down a detailed account. '式' (shiki) means 'method,' 'style,' 'form,' or 'formula.' This kanji is frequently used as a suffix to denote a particular way or manner of doing something. Its etymology points to its use in describing established patterns or procedures. In this context, it specifies the 'format' or 'type' of something. Therefore, '記述式' literally translates to 'description method' or 'descriptive format.' When applied to exams or questions, it specifically refers to a format that requires candidates to provide written descriptions, explanations, or essays, rather than selecting from multiple-choice options or providing short, factual answers. This term emerged as a way to distinguish this type of assessment from other formats, particularly as standardized testing became more prevalent. The concept of assessing understanding through written responses is ancient, but the term '記述式' as a specific descriptor for this exam format solidified with the development of modern educational systems in Japan.

بافت فرهنگی

Kijutsushiki (記述式) questions are a common feature in Japanese education and examinations, particularly from junior high school through university entrance exams. They are designed to assess a student's ability to not only recall information but also to analyze, synthesize, and articulate their thoughts in a structured and coherent manner. Unlike multiple-choice questions, which focus on recognition, kijutsushiki demands a deeper understanding of the subject matter and the capacity to construct a well-reasoned argument or explanation. This format reflects a cultural emphasis on critical thinking, logical progression of ideas, and precise communication in academic and professional settings. Success in kijutsushiki often requires extensive practice in essay writing, summarization, and analytical skills, which are honed throughout a student's academic career in Japan.

راهنمای حفظ

Visualize a blank essay paper. The '記述' (kijutsu) part sounds like 'key juice' – imagine extracting the key essence or 'juice' of your knowledge onto the paper. The '式' (shiki) means 'format' or 'style', so think of it as the 'style' of presenting your 'key juice' as an essay. So, 'key juice style' = essay format.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

'記述式' (kijutsushiki) in Japanese refers to a type of question or exam format that requires written answers, often in the form of essays or descriptive responses. Unlike multiple-choice or true/false questions, '記述式' questions demand that the test-taker articulate their understanding, explain concepts, or present arguments in their own words. This format is commonly used to assess a deeper level of comprehension, critical thinking, and writing ability, rather than just recall of facts. It's often encountered in subjects like literature, history, philosophy, and social sciences.

The most common and accurate English equivalent for '記述式' is 'essay format' or 'written response format.' Other similar terms that capture the essence include 'descriptive questions,' 'open-ended questions,' or 'free-response questions.' The key characteristic is the requirement for the examinee to construct their own answer in written form, rather than selecting from pre-defined options. This contrasts with objective question types like multiple-choice or short-answer questions that might only require a word or phrase.

'記述式' questions are typically used in educational settings, particularly in higher education and standardized tests, to evaluate a student's in-depth knowledge, analytical skills, and ability to synthesize information. They are prevalent in humanities and social sciences, where nuanced understanding and well-reasoned arguments are crucial. Examples include history exams requiring essays on historical events, literature exams asking for analysis of themes, or philosophy exams demanding explanations of complex concepts. They can also appear in language proficiency tests to assess writing skills.

The benefits of '記述式' questions are numerous. Firstly, they encourage deeper learning and critical thinking, as students must actively recall, organize, and articulate their knowledge. Secondly, they provide a more comprehensive assessment of understanding, moving beyond mere memorization to gauge a student's ability to explain, analyze, and synthesize. Thirdly, they develop and evaluate writing skills, including clarity, coherence, and argumentative structure. Finally, '記述式' questions can reveal unique insights into a student's thought process and individual perspective, which might be missed by other question formats.

خودت رو بسنج

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日本語の試験で、[_________]の問題は、学生が自分の考えを文章で表現する能力を評価するために出題されます。

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歴史の授業では、出来事の背景を詳しく説明する[_________]の宿題が出されました。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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面接では、あなたの強みについて[_________]で答えるよう求められることがあります。

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امتیاز: /3

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