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A1 noun #3,205 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

試験

shiken رتبه 3,205

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 試験 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 試験 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'shiken' means 'exam' or 'test'. You will most likely use it to talk about your Japanese classes or school life. You should learn the basic phrase 'shiken ga arimasu' (there is an exam) and 'shiken o ukeru' (to take an exam). At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex kanji; just focus on recognizing the word in hiragana (しけん) and knowing its general meaning. It is one of the first formal nouns you learn because it is so central to a student's life. You might also encounter it when people talk about the JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test), which is 'Nihongo Nōryoku Shiken'. Understanding this word helps you follow classroom schedules and basic conversations about school. It is a very 'concrete' noun for you right now, referring to a specific event where you write answers on a paper.

At the A2 level, you should begin to distinguish between 'shiken' and 'tesuto'. You will start using adjectives to describe exams, such as 'muzukashii shiken' (a difficult exam) or 'nagai shiken' (a long exam). You should also learn the verbs for passing (合格する - gōkaku suru) and failing (落ちる - ochiru). You might begin to see 'shiken' in compound words like 'shiken-benkyō' (studying for an exam). You should also be able to tell someone when your exam is using specific time markers, like 'raishū no kayōbi ni shiken ga arimasu' (I have an exam next Tuesday). This level also introduces the idea of different types of exams, like 'kanji no shiken' or 'bunpō no shiken'. You are moving from just knowing the word to using it in more descriptive and functional sentences.

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By B1, you are expected to understand the social importance of 'shiken' in Japan. You will learn about 'nyūgaku shiken' (entrance exams) and the pressure students feel. You should be comfortable using formal grammar with this word, such as 'shiken no tame ni' (for the sake of the exam). You will also encounter 'shiken' in more professional or technical contexts, such as 'unten menkyo shiken' (driving license exam) or 'shūshoku shiken' (employment exam). At this level, you should also be able to talk about the results of an exam in more detail, using words like 'tensū' (score) or 'kekka' (result). You might also start to see 'shiken' used in scientific contexts, like 'shiken-kan' (test tube). Your vocabulary is expanding to include the various 'flavors' of testing that exist in Japanese society.

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At the B2 level, you should be able to discuss the pros and cons of the examination system in Japan. You will use terms like 'shiken jigoku' (examination hell) and 'hensachi' (deviation value/ranking). You'll understand the nuance of 'shiken' as a 'trial' or 'experiment' in business and science. For example, you might read about 'shijō shiken' (market testing) or 'seinhin shiken' (product testing). You should be able to use the word in complex sentences with relative clauses, like 'Kare ga gōkaku shita shiken wa, kuni de mottomo muzukashii mono datta' (The exam he passed was the most difficult in the country). You are now moving beyond the student experience into the broader societal and professional applications of the word.

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At C1, you understand 'shiken' in its most abstract and academic forms. This includes 'rinshō shiken' (clinical trials) and the legal 'shiken' (judicial examination). You can discuss the philosophy of testing and how 'shiken' acts as a socio-economic filter. You will encounter the word in historical texts or high-level literature where 'shiken' might represent a metaphorical 'test' of character or resolve. Your usage of the word should be indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the correct use of formal synonyms like 'shinsa' (examination/screening) or 'kentei'. You can navigate the subtle differences between a 'shiken' (test of knowledge) and a 'shidō' (trial/ordeal) in a literary context.

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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'shiken' and all its technical, legal, and metaphorical nuances. You can engage in high-level debates about 'shiken seido' (the examination system) and its impact on Japanese pedagogy. You understand the nuances of the word in legal statutes, such as 'shiken kikan' (probationary period) or specialized technical standards. You are aware of the etymological roots of the kanji and how they have evolved. You can use the word in any register, from slangy student talk to the most formal academic or legal discourse. You recognize 'shiken' not just as a word for a test, but as a fundamental concept in the structure of modern Japanese meritocracy.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

試験 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Shiken (試験) is the formal Japanese word for 'examination' or 'test', typically used in academic, professional, and scientific contexts for serious evaluations.
It differs from 'tesuto' (テスト) by being more formal and carrying higher stakes, such as university entrance exams or national certifications.
Commonly used verbs include 'ukeru' (to take), 'gōkaku suru' (to pass), and 'ochiru' (to fail), with 'ni' marking the exam for passing/failing.
Culturally, it is a central part of Japanese life, often associated with intense study periods and societal gatekeeping through the 'examination hell'.

The Japanese word 試験 (shiken) is the primary term for a formal examination or test. While the loanword tesuto (テスト) is frequently used for smaller quizzes or casual classroom checks, 試験 carries a weight of formality and significance. It refers to structured evaluations designed to measure a person's proficiency, knowledge, or aptitude in a specific field. This word is ubiquitous in the Japanese education system, professional licensing, and employment processes. Understanding 試験 is crucial because it represents the gatekeeping mechanism of Japanese society, from the high-stakes university entrance exams to the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) itself.

Academic Context: In schools, this refers to midterms (中間試験) and finals (期末試験). It is the formal name for these institutional milestones.

明日、数学の試験があります。 (There is a math exam tomorrow.)

Beyond school, 試験 is used in professional settings. For example, a driving test is unten menkyo shiken (運転免許試験). It also extends to scientific or technical testing, such as a rinshō shiken (臨床試験) or clinical trial. The term implies a rigorous process with a clear pass or fail outcome, or at least a formal score that determines future placement. When you hear this word, you should immediately think of a quiet room, a timer, and a paper-and-pencil (or computer-based) assessment that requires significant preparation.

Professional Context: Used for certification exams (資格試験) and recruitment exams (採用試験) during the job hunting process.

国家試験に合格しました。 (I passed the national examination.)

The cultural nuance of 試験 is deeply tied to the concept of juken (taking entrance exams). In Japan, the 'examination hell' (juken jigoku) refers to the intense pressure students face to pass 試験 to enter prestigious schools. This makes the word carry a sense of anxiety and high stakes that 'test' might not always convey in English. Whether it is a physical examination of a product or a mental examination of a student, 試験 is the standard for verification and validation in Japanese life.

Scientific Context: Refers to laboratory tests or experiments designed to prove a hypothesis or safety (e.g., impact tests).

新しい薬の臨床試験が始まった。 (Clinical trials for the new medicine have begun.)

入学試験の準備は大変です。 (Preparing for entrance exams is difficult.)

In summary, 試験 is the formal, weighty, and multi-faceted term for any evaluative test. From the classroom to the laboratory, it serves as the definitive word for measuring success and quality. As an A1 learner, you will mostly encounter it in the context of school and language proficiency, but its reach extends into every corner of professional and scientific Japanese.

Using 試験 (shiken) correctly requires pairing it with the appropriate verbs and particles. The most fundamental action is 'taking' an exam. In English, we say 'take,' but in Japanese, the standard verb is ukeru (受ける). For example, shiken o ukeru means to sit for an exam. If you want to say you 'passed' or 'failed,' you use gōkaku suru (合格する) and fugōkaku ni naru (不合格になる) or ochiru (落ちる - literally 'to fall').

Taking an Exam: Use 'ukeru' (受ける). Sentence: 来週、日本語の試験を受けます。 (I will take a Japanese exam next week.)

彼は難しい試験に合格した。 (He passed a difficult exam.)

When describing the attributes of an exam, you can use adjectives like muzukashii (difficult) or yasashii (easy). To talk about the content of the exam, use the particle no (の) to link the subject to the word 試験. For instance, kanji no shiken (a kanji exam) or rekishi no shiken (a history exam). If you are preparing for an exam, the phrase is shiken no benkyō o suru (to study for an exam) or shiken no junbi o suru (to prepare for an exam).

Passing/Failing: Use 'ni gōkaku suru' (pass) or 'ni ochiru' (fail). The particle 'ni' marks the exam being passed or failed.

昨日の試験はどうでしたか。 (How was yesterday's exam?)

In more complex sentences, 試験 can be part of compound nouns. Shiken-benkyō (exam study) or shiken-kikan (exam period). It can also function as a verb in some technical contexts by adding suru, though this is less common for students and more common for engineers or scientists 'testing' a product. For a student, always stick to shiken o ukeru. Another common pattern is shiken ni deru (to appear on the exam), used when a teacher tells you a specific topic will be tested.

Exam Scopes: 'Shiken-han'i' (試験範囲) refers to the range of material that will be covered on the test.

この単語は試験に出ます。 (This word will appear on the exam.)

試験の結果が心配です。 (I am worried about the exam results.)

Finally, remember that 試験 is a noun. To say 'to test something' in a general sense, you might use tamesu (試す), but for the noun 'a test,' 試験 is the standard choice. It fits into the 'A wa B desu' pattern perfectly: Ashita wa shiken desu (Tomorrow is an exam).

You will hear 試験 (shiken) in a variety of high-stakes environments. The most common is the Japanese school system. At the end of every term, teachers will announce the shiken kikan (exam period). Over the PA system in a school, you might hear announcements like Shiken chū wa shizuka ni shite kudasai (Please be quiet during the exam). On the news, particularly in January and February, there is constant coverage of daigaku nyūshi (university entrance exams), which are referred to as sentā shiken (now the Common Test) or simply 試験.

News & Media: Reporting on pass rates, exam scandals, or the 'Exam War' (shiken sensō) between students.

テレビで試験のニュースを見ました。 (I saw news about the exam on TV.)

In the professional world, HR departments use 試験 when discussing recruitment. A job seeker might be told, Tsugi wa hikki-shiken desu (Next is the written exam). This is a standard part of the shūshoku katsudō (job hunting) process in Japan. You will also encounter it at government offices if you are applying for licenses. Whether it is for a real estate license or a nursing certification, the formal name of the test will always include 試験.

Workplace: Used when referring to internal promotion exams (shōshin shiken) or aptitude tests (tekiseki shiken).

来週の月曜日に採用試験があります。 (There is a recruitment exam next Monday.)

In anime and manga, 試験 is a trope-heavy word. Think of the 'Chunin Exams' in Naruto or the 'Hunter Exam' in Hunter x Hunter. In these contexts, the word represents a grueling trial that the protagonist must overcome to grow. In daily life, parents often ask their children, Shiken no kekka wa? (What were the exam results?), making it a word associated with family tension and expectation. Finally, in scientific research, you'll hear it in terms like shiken-kan (test tube), which shows how the word's meaning of 'testing' extends to the physical tools of science.

Pop Culture: Manga arcs centered around exams often highlight the competitive nature of Japanese society.

アニメで中忍試験のエピソードを見ました。 (I watched the Chunin Exam episode in the anime.)

実技試験はとても緊張しました。 (I was very nervous during the practical exam.)

Whether you are in a classroom, an office, or watching TV, 試験 is the definitive term for a moment of evaluation. It is a word that signals a need for focus, preparation, and formal behavior.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with 試験 (shiken) is using the wrong verb for 'taking' the exam. In English, we 'do' a test or 'take' a test. Translating 'do' literally as suru (する) results in shiken o suru, which usually means 'to administer' or 'to give' the test (what a teacher does). A student must use ukeru (受ける). If you say shiken o shimashita, people might think you were the proctor!

Verb Confusion: Mistake: 試験をする (I do the exam). Correct: 試験を受ける (I take the exam).

× 私は昨日試験をしました。 → ○ 私は昨日試験を受けました。

Another common error is confusing 試験 with tesuto (テスト). While they are often interchangeable, using tesuto for a national bar exam or a university entrance exam sounds too casual and might even be seen as disrespectful to the difficulty of the task. Conversely, calling a 5-minute vocabulary quiz a 試験 might sound overly dramatic. Use 試験 for big, formal events and tesuto for small, informal ones.

Register Errors: Using 'tesuto' for a PhD defense or 'shiken' for a quick spelling check.

× 試験を合格しました。 → ○ 試験に合格しました。

Learners also struggle with the kanji. The first kanji shi (試) is often confused with setsu (説 - to explain) because they share the 'speech' radical (言). The second kanji ken (験) is complex and often miswritten; it features the 'horse' radical (馬). Writing shiken correctly is a badge of honor for A1/A2 learners. Lastly, remember that 試験 is a noun. You cannot say shikenna or shikenni to mean 'test-like' or 'testily'. It must be used as a noun or part of a compound.

Kanji Mix-ups: Confusing 試 (test) with 誠 (sincerity) or 説 (theory). Always look for the 'style/formula' part on the right of 試.

漢字の試験は書き間違えやすいです。 (It is easy to make mistakes writing the kanji for 'exam'.)

× 試験に落ちました。 (I failed the exam - 'ochiru' is correct but informal. In formal writing, use 'fugōkaku'.)

Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Japanese sound more natural and precise. Pay attention to the verbs you pair with 試験 and the context in which you use it.

While 試験 (shiken) is the most common word for an exam, several alternatives exist depending on the nuance. The most obvious is tesuto (テスト). As mentioned, tesuto is more casual and often used in daily conversation or for minor assessments. If a teacher says 'Tomorrow is a test,' they might use either, but if it's just a vocabulary check, tesuto is more likely.

Comparison: 試験 vs テスト: 試験: Formal, major, scientific, high-stakes.
テスト: Casual, minor, general, everyday.

明日は小テストがあります。 (There is a quiz/small test tomorrow.)

Another important word is kentei (検定). This refers specifically to certification exams or proficiency tests standardized by an organization. For example, the Kanji Kentei or the Eiken (English proficiency test). While these are 試験, they are more specifically called kentei because they certify a specific level of ability. There is also moshi (模試), which is short for mogishiken (mock exam). These are practice exams taken by students to prepare for the real university entrance exams.

Specialized Terms: 検定 (Kentei): Certification/Proficiency test.
模試 (Moshi): Mock exam/Practice test.

漢字検定の試験を受けます。 (I will take the Kanji Kentei exam.)

For physical tests or inspections, you might hear kensa (検査). This is used for medical checkups (health exams) or quality inspections in a factory. While 試験 can mean 'testing' a product, kensa is the standard word for 'inspecting' something for defects. Finally, nyūshi (入試) is a very common abbreviation for nyūgaku shiken (entrance exam). You will see this everywhere on school posters and in news headlines.

Physical vs Mental: 試験: Knowledge/Ability test.
検査: Physical inspection/Medical check.

病院で血液検査を受けました。 (I had a blood test/inspection at the hospital.)

第一志望の入試に合格した。 (I passed the entrance exam for my first-choice school.)

Choosing the right word shows your level of fluency and your understanding of Japanese social structures. While 試験 is a safe 'catch-all' for exams, knowing when to use tesuto, kentei, or kensa will make you sound like a pro.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji 験 (ken) contains the radical for 'horse' (馬). Historically, this was related to checking the performance or quality of horses, which were vital for military and transport.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ʃi.keɴ/

US /ʃi.kɛn/

Japanese pitch accent: Heiban (Flat). The pitch stays relatively steady, though there is a slight rise after the first mora.

هم‌قافیه با

意見 (iken - opinion) 事件 (jiken - incident) 危険 (kiken - danger) 未経験 (mikeiken - inexperienced) 期限 (kigen - deadline) 資源 (shigen - resources) 次元 (jigen - dimension) 保健 (hoken - health preservation)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'shi' like 'si' (a common error for some non-native speakers).
Stressing the 'shi' too much like an English word.
Making the 'n' sound like a hard English 'N' (it should be a nasalized Japanese 'n').
Shortening the 'e' in 'ken' too much.
Adding a vowel after the final 'n' (e.g., shiken-u).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The Kanji are common but the second one (験) is stroke-heavy for beginners.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing 験 requires careful attention to the horse radical and the right side.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Pronunciation is straightforward with no difficult clusters.

گوش دادن 1/5

The word is distinct and frequently repeated in learning contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

勉強 (Study) 学校 (School) 学生 (Student) 先生 (Teacher) 本 (Book)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

合格 (Pass) 不合格 (Fail) 成績 (Grades) 授業 (Class) 宿題 (Homework)

پیشرفته

偏差値 (Deviation score) 浪人 (Student waiting for next year's exam) 願書 (Application form) 選抜 (Selection) 資格 (Qualification)

گرامر لازم

Using 'ni' with Gōkaku/Ochiru

試験に合格する (Pass the exam) / 試験に落ちる (Fail the exam).

Noun + No + Shiken

数学の試験 (Math exam) / 漢字の試験 (Kanji exam).

Shiken + Chū (During)

試験中は静かにしてください (Please be quiet during the exam).

Tame ni (Purpose)

試験のために勉強する (Study for the sake of the exam).

Relative Clauses with Shiken

昨日受けた試験 (The exam I took yesterday).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

明日は日本語の試験があります。

There is a Japanese exam tomorrow.

Uses the 'ga arimasu' pattern to indicate existence.

試験は難しいですか。

Is the exam difficult?

A simple question using an adjective.

私は試験を受けます。

I will take an exam.

Uses 'ukeru' as the correct verb for taking an exam.

試験は十時からです。

The exam starts at 10 o'clock.

Uses 'kara' to indicate the starting time.

漢字の試験があります。

There is a kanji exam.

Uses 'no' to specify the type of exam.

試験の勉強をします。

I will study for the exam.

Compound-like structure: 'study of the exam'.

これは大切な試験です。

This is an important exam.

Uses 'taisetsu na' as a na-adjective.

試験が終わりました。

The exam is finished.

Uses the past tense of 'owaru' (to finish).

試験の結果はどうでしたか。

How were the exam results?

Uses 'kekka' (result) and 'dō deshita ka' (how was it).

昨日の試験はあまり難しくなかったです。

Yesterday's exam wasn't very difficult.

Negative past form of the adjective 'muzukashii'.

試験に合格して嬉しいです。

I am happy because I passed the exam.

Uses the te-form of 'gōkaku suru' to show reason.

来週の試験のために、毎日勉強しています。

I am studying every day for next week's exam.

Uses 'no tame ni' (for the sake of).

試験の範囲を教えてください。

Please tell me the scope of the exam.

Uses 'han'i' (range/scope) and 'te kudasai'.

試験中は辞書を使ってはいけません。

You must not use a dictionary during the exam.

Uses 'te wa ikemasen' (prohibition).

彼は試験に落ちて、がっかりしています。

He failed the exam and is disappointed.

Uses 'ochiru' (to fall/fail) and 'gakkari' (disappointed).

この試験は二時間かかります。

This exam takes two hours.

Uses 'kakaru' to indicate time duration.

大学の入学試験の準備はとても大変だ。

Preparing for university entrance exams is very hard.

Uses 'nyūgaku shiken' (entrance exam) in a plain form sentence.

試験に出る単語をリストにまとめました。

I summarized the words that will appear on the exam in a list.

Uses 'shiken ni deru' (to appear on the exam) as a relative clause.

運転免許の試験に一回で合格しました。

I passed the driving license exam on the first try.

Uses 'ikkai de' (in one go).

試験の結果は郵送で送られてきます。

The exam results will be sent by mail.

Uses the passive voice 'okurarete kimasu'.

もし試験に合格したら、旅行に行きたいです。

If I pass the exam, I want to go on a trip.

Uses the conditional 'tara' form.

試験の前日は早く寝るようにしています。

I make it a point to go to bed early the day before an exam.

Uses 'yō ni shite iru' (making an effort to).

採用試験の内容は筆記と面接です。

The content of the recruitment exam is written and interview.

Lists nouns using 'to' (and).

試験の時間は厳守しなければなりません。

You must strictly observe the exam time.

Uses 'nakereba narimasen' (must) and 'genshu' (strict observance).

日本の試験制度には批判も多い。

There is much criticism of Japan's examination system.

Uses 'seido' (system) and 'hihan' (criticism).

この新薬は現在、臨床試験の段階にあります。

This new drug is currently in the clinical trial stage.

Uses 'rinshō shiken' (clinical trial) and 'dankai' (stage).

資格試験の合格率は年々下がっている。

The pass rate for the qualification exam is decreasing year by year.

Uses 'gōkakuritsu' (pass rate) and 'nennen' (year by year).

模擬試験を受けることで、自分の実力を把握できる。

By taking mock exams, you can grasp your true ability.

Uses 'koto de' (by means of) and 'haaku' (grasp/understand).

試験の公平性を保つために、厳しいルールがある。

There are strict rules to maintain the fairness of the exam.

Uses 'kōheisei' (fairness) and 'tamotsu' (maintain).

国家試験に合格するのは並大抵のことではない。

Passing a national exam is no ordinary feat.

Uses 'namitaitei' (ordinary/average) in a negative context.

彼は試験勉強に集中するために、SNSを辞めた。

He quit social media to concentrate on studying for the exam.

Uses 'shūchū suru' (concentrate) and 'tame ni' (in order to).

実技試験では、知識だけでなく技術も問われる。

In the practical exam, not only knowledge but also skills are questioned/tested.

Uses 'dakede naku' (not only) and 'towareru' (to be questioned).

司法試験の難易度は国内屈指と言われている。

The difficulty of the bar exam is said to be among the highest in the country.

Uses 'nan'ido' (difficulty level) and 'kusshi' (leading/prominent).

試験の結果いかんでは、計画を変更せざるを得ない。

Depending on the exam results, we may have no choice but to change the plan.

Uses 'ikan de wa' (depending on) and 'sezaru o enai' (cannot help but).

製品の耐久性を証明するための過酷な試験が行われた。

Harsh tests were conducted to prove the product's durability.

Uses 'taikyūsei' (durability) and 'kakoku na' (harsh).

試験というフィルターを通して、優秀な人材を選抜する。

Through the filter of examinations, excellent human resources are selected.

Uses 'senbatsu' (selection) and 'to iu' (called/acting as).

彼女は人生最大の試練とも言える試験に挑んだ。

She took on an exam that could be called the greatest trial of her life.

Uses 'shiren' (trial) as a synonym-like comparison.

試験問題の漏洩は、社会的に大きな問題となった。

The leakage of exam questions became a major social issue.

Uses 'rōei' (leakage).

学力試験だけで人間性を判断することには限界がある。

There are limits to judging humanity based solely on academic exams.

Uses 'genkai' (limit) and 'nandankai' (stages/judgments).

試験対策に追われるあまり、本来の学びが疎かになっている。

Being so busy with exam prep, the original purpose of learning is being neglected.

Uses 'owareru' (to be chased/overwhelmed) and 'osoroka' (neglect).

試験の妥当性と信頼性を科学的に検証する必要がある。

It is necessary to scientifically verify the validity and reliability of the exam.

Uses 'datōsei' (validity) and 'shinraisei' (reliability).

その試験は、単なる知識の多寡ではなく、思考のプロセスを問うものだ。

The exam questions the process of thought, not merely the amount of knowledge.

Uses 'taka' (amount/quantity) and 'mono da' (assertive).

歴史的に見れば、科挙は官僚登用試験の先駆けであった。

Historically speaking, the Imperial Examination was the precursor to civil service exams.

Uses 'sakigake' (pioneer/precursor) and 'kanryō tōyō' (bureaucrat recruitment).

試験の実施要領が大幅に改定されることになった。

The implementation guidelines for the exam are to be significantly revised.

Uses 'jisshi yōryō' (implementation guidelines) and 'kaitei' (revision).

試験結果の統計的分析により、教育課程の課題が浮き彫りになった。

Statistical analysis of exam results highlighted issues in the curriculum.

Uses 'ukibori' (highlighted/brought into relief).

試験という制度が内包する不平等を是正すべきだという声が上がっている。

Voices are rising that the inequality inherent in the examination system should be corrected.

Uses 'naihō' (inherent/contained) and 'zesei' (correction).

極限状態における心理試験の結果は、予想外のものだった。

The results of the psychological tests under extreme conditions were unexpected.

Uses 'kyokugen jōtai' (extreme conditions).

試験問題を策定する過程には、高度な専門性が要求される。

The process of formulating exam questions requires a high degree of expertise.

Uses 'sakutei' (formulation/planning).

مترادف‌ها

テスト考査検定模試審査

متضادها

練習遊び

ترکیب‌های رایج

試験を受ける

試験に合格する

試験に落ちる

試験勉強

試験範囲

試験官

試験期間

試験会場

筆記試験

国家試験

عبارات رایج

試験に出る

— To appear on the exam. Used when highlighting important study topics.

ここ、試験に出るぞ！

試験の結果

— The exam results. Refers to scores or pass/fail status.

試験の結果が怖いです。

試験をパスする

— To pass an exam. A loanword-influenced alternative to gōkaku suru.

なんとか試験をパスしました。

試験に備える

— To prepare for an exam. More formal than 'benkyō suru'.

万全の体制で試験に備える。

試験を延期する

— To postpone an exam. Often used in administrative contexts.

台風で試験が延期になった。

試験を監督する

— To proctor or supervise an exam.

先生が試験を監督している。

試験に受かる

— To pass an exam. A more casual, intransitive version of gōkaku suru.

試験に受かったらお祝いしよう。

試験問題

— Exam questions. Refers to the content of the test paper.

試験問題が配られた。

試験の中止

— Cancellation of the exam.

試験の中止が発表された。

試験のプレッシャー

— Exam pressure. The mental stress associated with testing.

試験のプレッシャーに負けない。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

試験 vs テスト (Tesuto)

English speakers use 'test' for everything, but in Japanese, use 'shiken' for formal exams and 'tesuto' for casual quizzes.

試験 vs 検査 (Kensa)

Use 'kensa' for physical or medical inspections; 'shiken' is for knowledge or performance testing.

試験 vs 実験 (Jikken)

Jikken is an 'experiment' to discover something new; Shiken is a 'test' to verify something known.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"試験地獄"

— Examination Hell. Refers to the extreme competitive pressure of entrance exams.

日本の学生は試験地獄を経験する。

Common/Sociological

"試験官を煙に巻く"

— To bewilder or confuse the examiner (e.g., with overly complex but vague answers).

彼は難しい言葉で試験官を煙に巻いた。

Literary

"試験の山を張る"

— To gamble/guess on which topics will appear on the exam.

山を張ったところが試験に出た！

Informal

"試験に泣く"

— To suffer or fail because of an exam.

一点の差で試験に泣いた。

Emotive

"試験の鬼"

— An 'exam demon.' Someone who is incredibly focused on or good at taking exams.

彼は試験の鬼と呼ばれている。

Metaphorical

"試験を棒に振る"

— To waste an exam opportunity (e.g., by being late or not studying).

遅刻して試験を棒に振った。

Common

"試験の洗礼を受ける"

— To undergo the 'baptism' of an exam (taking a difficult test for the first time).

新入生は最初の試験の洗礼を受けた。

Journalistic

"試験を突破する"

— To break through or successfully pass a very difficult exam.

難関試験を突破した。

Strong/Positive

"試験の出来"

— How one performed on an exam (literally 'exam's completion').

試験の出来はどうだった？

Neutral

"試験離れ"

— Moving away from exams (e.g., a school system reducing test reliance).

最近は試験離れが進んでいる学校もある。

Sociological

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

試験 vs 試験 (Shiken)

Both mean 'test' in English.

Shiken is formal and academic/professional.

大学入試は重要な試験です。

試験 vs テスト (Tesuto)

Common loanword.

Tesuto is casual and used for minor classroom checks.

明日の小テストは簡単だよ。

試験 vs 検定 (Kentei)

Both involve testing.

Kentei is specifically for certification of a level.

英検三級の検定を受ける。

試験 vs 試練 (Shiren)

Both mean 'trial'.

Shiren is a life ordeal or emotional test.

これは神が与えた試練だ。

試験 vs 審査 (Shinsa)

Both evaluate someone.

Shinsa is a screening of applications or judging a contest.

映画祭の審査が行われる。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] + の + 試験 + があります。

明日は英語の試験があります。

試験 + に + [Verb: Pass/Fail]。

試験に合格しました。

試験 + の + ために + [Action]。

試験のために辞書を買いました。

試験 + に + 出る + [Noun]。

試験に出る漢字を覚える。

試験 + の + 公平性 + を + [Verb]。

試験の公平性を保つ。

試験 + という + 制度 + における + [Noun]。

試験という制度における競争。

Mixed

試験 + の + 結果 + が + [Adjective]。

試験の結果が心配です。

Mixed

試験 + を + 受ける + [Noun]。

試験を受ける学生。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

試験 (shiken - exam)

受験 (juken - taking an exam)

模試 (moshi - mock exam)

追試 (tsuishi - makeup exam)

فعل‌ها

試験する (shiken suru - to test/examine technical things)

受験する (juken suru - to take an entrance exam)

試す (tamesu - to try/test)

صفت‌ها

試験的な (shikenteki na - experimental/tentative)

مرتبط

合格 (gōkaku - passing)

不合格 (fugōkaku - failure)

採点 (saiten - grading)

問題 (mondai - question/problem)

解答 (kaitō - answer)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in educational and professional documentation.

اشتباهات رایج

試験をする (to take an exam) → 試験を受ける
Students 'receive' (ukeru) an exam; they don't 'do' (suru) it unless they are the teacher.
試験を合格する → 試験に合格する
The verb 'gōkaku suru' requires the particle 'ni' to mark the thing you passed.
血液試験 (blood exam) → 血液検査
Medical tests use 'kensa' (inspection) rather than 'shiken'.
試験的な人 (a test-like person) → N/A
'Shikenteki' is for things/trials, not for describing people's personalities.
漢字の試験を落ちました → 漢字の試験に落ちました
'Ochiru' is an intransitive verb and takes 'ni' for the goal/target of the fall.

نکات

Use the right particle

Always use 'ni' with 'gōkaku' (pass) and 'ochiru' (fail). Don't use 'o' for these verbs.

Shiken vs Tesuto

Use 'shiken' for midterms and finals. Use 'tesuto' for weekly quizzes.

Exam Season

January and February are the peak 'shiken' months in Japan. Be aware of the stress during this time.

The Horse Radical

The kanji 験 has a horse (馬) on the left. Think of testing a horse's speed.

Politeness

When asking a teacher about an exam, always use 'shiken' and polite forms.

Compounds

Listen for 'shiken-...' at the start of words; it usually tells you the context (venue, study, etc.).

Stroke Order

Pay close attention to the stroke order of 験 to keep it legible.

Past Papers

Search for 'shiken kakomon' to find past papers for the JLPT or other exams.

Exam Range

Always ask 'shiken han'i wa doko desu ka?' to know what to study.

Verification

Remember that 'ken' means verification. An exam is a way to verify your hard work.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'SHE' and 'KEN' taking a 'SHI-KEN'. She and Ken are sitting in a quiet room taking a formal exam.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a red 'X' or a green checkmark on a paper with the Kanji 試 (which looks like a person standing by a podium/speech bubble).

شبکه واژگان

School Pencil JLPT Pass/Fail Study Nervous Score University

چالش

Write down 'shiken' in Kanji five times and then use it in a sentence about your next Japanese goal.

ریشه کلمه

Composed of two kanji: 試 (shi) meaning 'to try, to test' and 験 (ken) meaning 'effect, verification, or testing'. It originates from classical Chinese compounds used to describe official examinations.

معنای اصلی: To verify the effect or quality of something by trying it out.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

بافت فرهنگی

Be sensitive when asking about exam results; failing a major 'shiken' can be deeply shameful or depressing for Japanese students.

In many English-speaking cultures, 'tests' are frequent and sometimes less formal. In Japan, 'shiken' implies a rigid, standardized, and life-altering event.

The JLPT (Japanese Language Proficiency Test) - Nihongo Nōryoku Shiken. The 'Chunin Exams' in the anime Naruto. The 'Center Test' (now Common Test) for university entrance.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

School Environment

試験範囲はどこですか？
中間試験の準備をする。
試験でいい点を取りたい。
追試を受ける。

Job Hunting

筆記試験を受けに行く。
適性試験の結果を待つ。
採用試験に合格した。
試験の服装を確認する。

Driving School

仮免の試験がある。
実技試験に集中する。
学科試験の勉強。
免許試験場へ行く。

Medical/Laboratory

臨床試験の被験者。
試験管を洗う。
新薬の試験を行う。
動物試験のガイドライン。

Professional Certifications

資格試験に挑戦する。
試験の申し込みをする。
過去問を解く。
試験日まであと一ヶ月。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"試験の準備はもう終わりましたか？ (Is your exam prep finished yet?)"

"次の試験、何が一番難しいと思いますか？ (What do you think is the hardest part of the next exam?)"

"試験の結果はいつ分かりますか？ (When will you know the exam results?)"

"試験勉強はどこでするのが好きですか？ (Where do you like to study for exams?)"

"試験の前に、何か特別なことをしますか？ (Do you do anything special before an exam?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日の試験の出来はどうでしたか？詳しく書いてください。 (How was your performance on today's exam? Write in detail.)

試験勉強をしている時の気持ちを教えてください。 (Tell me how you feel when you are studying for an exam.)

もし試験がなかったら、学校はどうなると思いますか？ (If there were no exams, what do you think school would be like?)

今までで一番大変だった試験は何ですか？ (What was the most difficult exam you've ever had?)

将来、どんな試験に合格したいですか？ (What kind of exam do you want to pass in the future?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should use 'kensa' (検査) for medical tests. 'Shiken' is for knowledge, ability, or product testing.

If you are the student, yes. It means you are the one giving the test. Use 'shiken o ukeru'.

'Shiken' is a general term for any exam. 'Nyūshi' is a specific abbreviation for entrance exams (nyūgaku shiken).

You say 'Shiken ni gōkaku shimashita' (試験に合格しました).

Yes, for recruitment (採用試験) or internal promotion (昇進試験).

It translates to 'Examination Hell' and describes the extreme stress students face during entrance exam periods.

Yes, in a scientific context like 'clinical trial' (臨床試験) or 'trial run' (試験走行).

The second kanji (験) is considered N3 level, but the word itself is taught early on due to its importance.

In casual conversation, yes. But in any official capacity, 'shiken' is the standard.

It is a mock exam (mogishiken) used by students to practice for real university entrance exams.

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