B1 noun خنثی 3 دقیقه مطالعه

〜だらけ

darake /daɾake/
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Overview

The Japanese expression 〜だらけ (~darake) is a suffix that attaches to nouns, indicating that something is 'covered in,' 'full of,' or 'riddled with' that noun. It carries a distinctly negative connotation, implying an undesirable abundance or saturation of something. It is rarely, if ever, used in a positive or neutral context.

Formation:

It directly attaches to nouns without any particles.

  • Noun + だらけ

Meaning and Nuance:

  1. 1Overwhelming Presence (Negative): The primary meaning conveys that a place, object, or person is overwhelmingly covered, filled, or stained with something, to the point of being unpleasant or problematic. It suggests a mess, dirtiness, damage, or an excessive amount of something undesirable.
  • 例 (Rei - Example): 部屋がゴミだらけだ。(Heya ga gomi-darake da.) - The room is full of trash. (Implies a very messy room.)
  • 例: 彼のレポートは間違いだらけだった。(Kare no repōto wa machigai-darake datta.) - His report was full of mistakes. (Suggests a report riddled with errors.)
  1. 1Implying Disarray or Damage: It often describes a state of disarray, damage, or impurity.
  • 例: 事故で車が傷だらけになった。(Jiko de kuruma ga kizu-darake ni natta.) - The car became covered in scratches from the accident. (Emphasizes the extent of the damage.)
  • 例: 彼のシャツは泥だらけだった。(Kare no shatsu wa doro-darake datta.) - His shirt was covered in mud. (Highlights the dirtiness.)
  1. 1Figurative Use: 〜だらけ can also be used figuratively to describe abstract concepts, such as a situation being 'full of' problems, worries, or lies.
  • 例: この世の中は嘘だらけだ。(Kono yononaka wa uso-darake da.) - This world is full of lies. (A pessimistic view.)
  • 例: 人生は困難だらけだ。(Jinsei wa konnan-darake da.) - Life is full of difficulties. (Expresses a sense of hardship.)

Contrast with similar expressions:

  • 〜いっぱい (~ippai): While 〜いっぱい also means 'full of,' it is much more neutral and can be used in positive, negative, or neutral contexts. For example, '箱がいっぱい' (hako ga ippai) could mean a box is full of good things or just simply full, without a strong negative judgment.
  • 〜まみれ (~mamire): This suffix is very similar to 〜だらけ in its negative connotation of being 'smeared with' or 'covered in,' often suggesting a viscous or messy substance. However, 〜だらけ can be used for a wider range of nouns, including abstract ones and small, discrete items (like mistakes), whereas 〜まみれ often implies a more thorough and sticky coating (e.g., 血まみれ - covered in blood, 汗まみれ - covered in sweat).

Common Nouns used with 〜だらけ:

  • ゴミ (gomi - trash)
  • 間違い (machigai - mistakes)
  • 傷 (kizu - scratches)
  • 泥 (doro - mud)
  • 血 (chi - blood)
  • 埃 (hokori - dust)
  • 問題 (mondai - problems)
  • 借金 (shakkin - debt)
  • 嘘 (uso - lies)
  • 悩み (nayami - worries)

In summary, 〜だらけ is a powerful expression for conveying a negative and overwhelming abundance of something, emphasizing mess, damage, impurity, or an excessive presence of undesirable elements.

مثال‌ها

1

部屋がごみだらけだ。

A room that is very messy and has a lot of garbage.

The room is full of trash.

2

体中傷だらけになった。

After an accident or a fight, someone's body has many injuries.

My whole body was covered in wounds.

3

彼の文章は間違いだらけだ。

Evaluating someone's written work that contains numerous errors.

His writing is full of mistakes.

4

この本はほこりだらけだ。

Finding an old book that has not been cleaned or used for a long time.

This book is covered in dust.

5

彼の話はうそだらけだった。

Discovering that someone has been dishonest and their narrative is unreliable.

His story was full of lies.

ترکیب‌های رایج

間違いだらけ
泥だらけ
傷だらけ
借金だらけ

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

〜だらけ vs 〜まみれ (~mamire)

Both '〜だらけ' and '〜まみれ' express being covered in something, but '〜まみれ' is exclusively used for liquids or viscous substances (e.g., blood, mud, oil), while '〜だらけ' can be used for a wider range of things, including discrete objects (e.g., mistakes, dust, scratches). '〜まみれ' also carries a strong sense of being dirty or stained.

〜だらけ vs 〜ずくし (~zukushi)

Both '〜だらけ' and '〜ずくし' imply an abundance of something. However, '〜だらけ' almost always carries a negative connotation, indicating an undesirable abundance (e.g., mistakes, trash, debt). '〜ずくし' on the other hand, often has a positive or neutral connotation, highlighting an abundance of good or luxurious things (e.g., a full-course meal, an all-inclusive trip).

〜だらけ vs 〜いっぱい (~ippai)

Both '〜だらけ' and '〜いっぱい' can mean 'full of'. However, '〜だらけ' is specifically used to describe a negative state where something is covered or filled with undesirable things. '〜いっぱい' is more general and can be used for both positive and negative contexts, simply meaning 'full' or 'a lot of' (e.g., full of happiness, full of water).

〜だらけ vs 〜だらけ (darake)

This is the same word. The user provided the word itself and is asking for information about it, including what it might be confused with and its grammar patterns. This entry acknowledges the user's input of the word itself while providing clarification about its usage in relation to other similar expressions.

الگوهای دستوری

Noun + だらけ Stem of Verb + だらけ

How to Use It

نکات کاربردی

'～だらけ' is typically appended directly to a noun, signifying that the noun in question is abundant or extensively present in a negative way. For example, '間違いだらけ' (machigai-darake) means 'full of mistakes' or 'riddled with errors,' indicating a strong sense of imperfection. Similarly, '泥だらけ' (doro-darake) means 'covered in mud,' suggesting a dirty or messy state. It's crucial to remember that '～だらけ' is almost exclusively used for things that are viewed as undesirable or problematic. You would not use it for something positive, such as 'happiness' or 'beautiful flowers.' Instead, for positive abundance, other expressions like '～いっぱい' (ippai - full of) or '～にあふれている' (ni afureteiru - overflowing with) would be more appropriate. The choice of '～だらけ' subtly communicates the speaker's negative judgment or displeasure about the situation or object being described, making it a nuanced and impactful expression in Japanese.

اشتباهات رایج

A common mistake is using 〜だらけ in neutral or positive contexts. It inherently carries a negative nuance, implying something is messy, undesirable, or excessive. For example, you wouldn't typically say '幸せだらけ' (full of happiness) because happiness is generally seen as positive. Instead, you might use 〜いっぱい (いっぱい), which means 'full of' in a more neutral or positive way. Also, remember it's usually used with nouns (noun + だらけ).

Tips

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Meaning and Usage

〜だらけ (darake) means 'covered in,' 'full of,' or 'riddled with.' It is used to describe a state where something is heavily covered or filled with a particular thing, often implying a negative or undesirable situation. It emphasizes the abundance and sometimes the messiness or unpleasantness of what it's covered in.

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Nuance and Connotations

The key characteristic of 〜だらけ is its negative nuance. While it describes a large quantity, it's typically used for things that are unwanted, messy, dirty, or indicative of a problem. For example, a room full of dust (ほこりだらけ) or a report full of errors (間違いだらけ).

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Grammar and Structure

〜だらけ attaches directly to a noun. It does not require any particles in between. The noun that precedes 〜だらけ is the thing that something is covered in or full of. For example: ごみだらけ (full of trash), 泥だらけ (covered in mud), 傷だらけ (full of scratches).

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Example Sentences

1. この部屋はほこりだらけだ。(Kono heya wa hokori darake da.) - This room is covered in dust. 2. 彼のシャツは泥だらけだった。(Kare no shatsu wa doro darake datta.) - His shirt was covered in mud. 3. 試験の答案は間違いだらけだった。(Shiken no touan wa machigai darake datta.) - The exam answer sheet was full of mistakes. 4. 子供の遊び場はおもちゃだらけだ。(Kodomo no asobiba wa omocha darake da.) - The children's play area is full of toys. 5. 彼の手は油だらけだった。(Kare no te wa abura darake datta.) - His hands were covered in oil.

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Common Collocations

Some common nouns that are often used with 〜だらけ include: 泥 (doro - mud), ほこり (hokori - dust), 傷 (kizu - scratches), 間違い (machigai - mistakes), 借金 (shakkin - debt), 血 (chi - blood), シミ (shimi - stains), ゴミ (gomi - trash).

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Comparison with Similar Expressions

While 〜だらけ indicates 'full of' with a negative nuance, expressions like 〜いっぱい (ippai) or 〜たくさん (takusan) can also mean 'full of' or 'a lot,' but they generally carry a neutral or positive connotation. For instance, おもちゃがいっぱい (omacha ga ippai) means 'full of toys' but without the negative implication of messiness that おもちゃだらけ would carry.

ریشه کلمه

200+ WORDS origin history.

بافت فرهنگی

The Japanese expression '～だらけ' (darake) literally translates to 'covered in' or 'full of,' and it invariably carries a negative connotation. It implies a state of being overwhelmingly filled with something undesirable, messy, or problematic. This nuance is deeply rooted in Japanese communication, where precision and tidiness are often valued. Unlike other expressions that might simply describe a quantity, '～だらけ' specifically highlights an excess that is seen as detrimental or displeasing. For instance, while one might say a room has 'many books,' using '本だらけ' (hon-darake) – 'covered in books' – would suggest the room is cluttered and unkempt, implying a need for tidying or organization. This inherent negativity makes it a powerful descriptive tool in situations where one wants to convey dissatisfaction or criticism regarding a state of disarray or abundance of something perceived as negative.

راهنمای حفظ

Visualize something completely covered or overflowing with something else, like a room 'full of dust' (ほこりだらけ) or a report 'covered in mistakes' (間違いだらけ). The key is the negative connotation.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

'〜だらけ' (darake) is a Japanese expression used to indicate that something is 'covered in' or 'full of' a particular thing. It often carries a negative nuance, implying that the presence of the thing is excessive, undesirable, or creates a mess. It's typically attached to the stem of a noun or the masu-stem of a verb (though less common with verbs). For example, if a room is 'ゴミだらけ' (gomi darake), it means it's 'full of trash.' The nuance suggests not just the presence of trash, but an overwhelming and messy amount of it.

'〜だらけ' is usually appended directly to a noun. For instance, you might say 「部屋はほこりだらけだった」 (Heya wa hokori darake datta), which translates to "The room was covered in dust." Another common usage is 「間違いだらけのレポート」 (Machigai darake no repōto), meaning "a report full of mistakes." The key is that the noun preceding 'だらけ' is something that accumulates or is present in large quantities, often with a negative connotation. It emphasizes the extent of something undesirable.

Certainly! Here are a few examples: 1. **泥だらけ (doro darake):** Covered in mud. E.g., 「子供は泥だらけになって帰ってきた。」 (Kodomo wa doro darake ni natte kaette kita.) - "The child came home covered in mud." 2. **傷だらけ (kizu darake):** Full of scratches/wounds. E.g., 「その車は傷だらけだった。」 (Sono kuruma wa kizu darake datta.) - "That car was full of scratches." 3. **血だらけ (chi darake):** Covered in blood. E.g., 「彼は血だらけで倒れていた。」 (Kare wa chi darake de taorete ita.) - "He was lying unconscious, covered in blood." 4. **借金だらけ (shakkin darake):** Deep in debt. E.g., 「彼は借金だらけで苦しんでいる。」 (Kare wa shakkin darake de kurushinde iru.) - "He is suffering, deep in debt." These examples highlight the negative or undesirable aspect that 'だらけ' conveys.

Yes, there are a couple of similar expressions, but they carry different nuances. * **〜いっぱい (ippai):** While 'いっぱい' also means 'full of' or 'a lot,' it doesn't necessarily carry the negative connotation that 'だらけ' does. It can be used for positive or neutral situations. For example, 「愛がいっぱい」 (ai ga ippai) means "full of love," which is positive. * **〜まみれ (mamire):** This expression is quite similar to 'だらけ' in that it also implies being 'covered in' something, often messy or dirty. However, 'まみれ' tends to be used more specifically for things that literally cover the surface of something, like '泥まみれ' (doro mamire - covered in mud) or '油まみれ' (abura mamire - covered in oil). While often interchangeable, 'だらけ' can sometimes be used more broadly for abstract concepts like '間違いだらけ' (full of mistakes), whereas 'まみれ' typically refers to a physical coating.

خودت رو بسنج

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この部屋はゴミ___だ。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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彼のレポートは間違い___だった。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
fill blank

最近、私の人生は問題___だ。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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