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A2 noun #3,500 پرکاربردترین 4 دقیقه مطالعه

はがき

hagaki رتبه 3,500

When you're learning Japanese at an A2 level, understanding everyday words like 「はがき」(hagaki) is really useful. 「はがき」 means 'postcard'. It's a common noun you'll encounter if you're talking about mail, travel, or even just sending a quick note to someone. You can use it when you want to specify that you're sending a postcard, not just any letter.

For example, if you say 「はがきを送る」(hagaki o okuru), it means 'to send a postcard'. This word is pretty straightforward and doesn't have many tricky nuances, which makes it a good one to master early on.

تمرین کن

§ What はがき means

Japanese Word: はがき

Pronunciation: Hagaki

English Definition: Postcard

The word はがき (hagaki) refers to a postcard in Japanese. It's a common and practical word you'll encounter if you're living in or traveling to Japan, or if you're interested in Japanese culture and communication. Think of it exactly like an English 'postcard' – a rectangular piece of stiff paper or thin cardboard, typically with an image on one side and space for a message, address, and postage on the other.

§ When do people use はがき?

Japanese people use はがき for a variety of purposes, much like in many other countries. However, there are some specific cultural contexts where postcards are particularly prevalent. Here are some common situations:

Sending greetings: This is probably the most common use. People send はがき for New Year's greetings (年賀状 - nengajo), summer greetings (暑中見舞い - shochuumimai), or just to say hello from a trip.
Announcements: Postcards are often used for formal announcements like moving to a new address, marriage, or birth announcements.
Business communication: Businesses might use はがき for promotions, surveys, or customer outreach, especially for smaller businesses or more traditional communication styles.
Souvenirs: Tourists buy scenic postcards at famous landmarks to send to friends and family, or to keep as mementos.
Collecting: Some people collect unique or historical はがき.

While digital communication is very popular in Japan, the tradition of sending and receiving physical postcards, especially for special occasions like New Year's, remains strong. It's considered a thoughtful and personal gesture.

§ Examples of はがき in use

友達に観光地のはがきを送りました。

I sent a tourist spot postcard to my friend. (Here, はがき refers to a postcard from a famous place.)

このはがきは切手が必要ですか。

Does this postcard need a stamp? (Asking if a stamp is required for mailing.)

年賀状は日本の特別なはがき文化です。

New Year's cards are a special Japanese postcard culture. (Highlighting the cultural significance of New Year's postcards.)

Understanding はがき is a good step towards grasping everyday Japanese communication and cultural practices. You'll likely see it mentioned in travel guides, at post offices, and in various forms of Japanese media. Keep an eye out for it!

§ Understanding はがき

はがき (hagaki) is the Japanese word for 'postcard'. It's a common noun, and you'll encounter it frequently if you're talking about mail, travel, or even sending greetings. It's pronounced 'ha-ga-ki', with emphasis on the first 'ha'.

§ Basic Usage with Particles

Like many Japanese nouns, はがき often pairs with particles to form complete sentences. Let's look at the most common ones.

The particle を (o): This particle marks the direct object of a verb. If you're 'sending' or 'writing' a postcard, はがき will usually be followed by を.

私は友達にはがきを送りました。

Translation hint: I sent a postcard to my friend. (私は watashi wa - I, 友達に tomodachi ni - to my friend, 送りました okurimashita - sent)

はがきを書く時間がありますか？

Translation hint: Do you have time to write a postcard? (書く kaku - to write, 時間 jikan - time, ありますか arimasu ka - do you have?)

The particle で (de): This particle can indicate the means or instrument by which an action is performed. If you're talking about sending something *by* postcard, you might use で.

連絡ははがきでしました。

Translation hint: I contacted them by postcard. (連絡 renraku - contact, しました shimashita - did)

§ Common Phrases and Structures

Here are some common ways はがき is used in everyday Japanese.

年賀はがき (nenga hagaki): New Year's postcard. This is a very common type of postcard sent at the beginning of the year.

日本人は毎年、年賀はがきを送ります。

Translation hint: Japanese people send New Year's postcards every year. (日本人 nihonjin - Japanese people, 毎年 maitoshi - every year, 送ります okurimasu - send)

暑中見舞いはがき (shochū mimai hagaki): Summer greeting postcard. Sent during the hot summer months to check in on friends and family.

暑中見舞いはがきを出す季節です。

Translation hint: It's the season to send summer greeting postcards. (出す dasu - to send out/mail, 季節 kisetsu - season)

往復はがき (ōfuku hagaki): Return postcard. This is a special type of postcard with a reply section, often used for invitations or RSVPs.

イベントの申し込みは往復はがきでお願いします。

Translation hint: Please apply for the event using a return postcard. (イベント ibento - event, 申し込み mōshikomi - application, お願いします onegaishimasu - please)

§ Where to find postcards in Japan

If you're in Japan and want to buy a postcard, you can typically find them at:

郵便局 (yūbinkyoku): Post office
コンビニ (kombini): Convenience stores
お土産屋さん (omiyage-ya-san): Souvenir shops (often have postcards with local scenery)

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"郵便はがきで新年のご挨拶を申し上げます。"

خنثی

"旅行先からはがきを送りました。"

غیر رسمی

"ね、はがき書いた？"

Child friendly

"おばあちゃんにおてがみかこうね。"

گرامر لازم

N + を + 書く (kaku): This structure means 'to write N'. You'd use it to say 'to write a postcard'.

はがきを書きました。(Hagaki o kakimashita.) - I wrote a postcard.

N + に + V: This indicates the destination or recipient of an action. So, 'to send to N' or 'to write to N'.

友達にはがきを送ります。(Tomodachi ni hagaki o okurimasu.) - I will send a postcard to my friend.

N + で: This indicates the means or instrument by which an action is performed. For example, 'to send by N'.

はがきで連絡します。(Hagaki de renraku shimasu.) - I will contact (them) by postcard.

N + が + あります (arimasu): This means 'there is N' or 'to have N'. You can use it to say 'I have a postcard'.

はがきがありますか。(Hagaki ga arimasu ka?) - Do you have a postcard?

N + を + もらう (morau): This means 'to receive N'. You can use it to say 'to receive a postcard'.

彼からはがきをもらいました。(Kare kara hagaki o moraimashita.) - I received a postcard from him.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

はがき vs はがき (postcard)

A thick piece of paper or card often with an image on one side, used for sending messages by post without an envelope.

はがき vs 郵便 (ゆうびん)

A general term for postal service or mail.

はがき vs ポストカード

This is the Katakana equivalent of 'postcard', often used for picture postcards specifically, but はがき is the more common and broader term for any postcard.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

はがき vs 切手 (きって)

Often confused with はがき (postcard) because both are related to mail. However, 切手 specifically refers to a stamp that is affixed to mail.

はがき is the item being mailed, while 切手 is the postage attached to it.

手紙に切手を貼る。(I put a stamp on the letter.)

はがき vs 封筒 (ふうとう)

Both are used for sending written messages, but they are different forms of mail.

はがき is an open card, whereas 封筒 is an envelope that encloses a letter.

手紙を封筒に入れる。(I put the letter in an envelope.)

はがき vs 便箋 (びんせん)

Similar to 封筒, 便箋 is writing paper used for letters, which is typically put inside an envelope, not sent as an open card.

はがき is a pre-printed card for mailing, while 便箋 is blank paper for writing letters.

便箋に手紙を書く。(I write a letter on letter paper.)

はがき vs 手紙 (てがみ)

Both are forms of written communication sent through the mail. However, 手紙 is a more general term.

はがき is a specific type of mail (a postcard), while 手紙 is a general term for a letter, which can be sent via postcard, envelope, etc.

友達に手紙を書く。(I write a letter to my friend.)

はがき vs 電報 (でんぽう)

電報 is an older, quicker form of written communication, similar in function to a postcard in conveying a brief message, but very different in medium and cost.

はがき is a physical card sent through postal service. 電報 is an electronic telegram, historically delivered by hand.

結婚式の電報を送る。(I send a telegram for a wedding.)