건물 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 건물 (Geonmul) is the standard Korean word for 'building,' covering everything from small shops to large skyscrapers.
- It is a noun derived from Hanja, meaning 'constructed thing,' and is used in both casual and formal contexts.
- Commonly used in giving directions, discussing real estate, and describing city landscapes across South Korea.
- Unlike 'jib' (home), 'geonmul' refers to the physical structure itself rather than the personal living space.
The Korean word 건물 (Geonmul) is a fundamental noun that translates directly to 'building' or 'structure' in English. Derived from the Hanja characters 建 (세울 건 - to build) and 物 (만물 물 - thing/object), it literally signifies a 'constructed object.' In the context of modern South Korea, a country defined by rapid urbanization and architectural innovation, this word carries significant weight, appearing in everything from daily directions to complex economic discussions. Unlike the word '집' (jib), which specifically refers to a home or a place of dwelling, 건물 is a broader, more technical term that encompasses offices, shopping malls, skyscrapers, and even small commercial villas.
- Core Definition
- A physical structure with a roof and walls, such as a house, school, or factory, standing permanently in one place.
저 건물은 서울에서 가장 높아요. (That building is the tallest in Seoul.)
In South Korean society, the concept of a 건물 is often tied to the 'Korean Dream' of real estate ownership. The term 건물주 (Geonmul-ju), meaning 'building owner,' is frequently used in popular culture to describe someone who has achieved ultimate financial freedom through rental income. This cultural nuance makes the word appear frequently in variety shows, dramas, and financial news. When you walk through the streets of Seoul, you will see a variety of 건물, from the glass-clad skyscrapers of Gangnam to the older, red-brick commercial buildings in neighborhoods like Mapo. Each of these structures serves as a landmark for navigation, which is why you will hear this word constantly when asking for directions.
- Economic Context
- Refers to real estate assets and the physical manifestation of urban development and investment.
새로운 건물이 우리 동네에 들어섰어요. (A new building has been erected in our neighborhood.)
Using 건물 correctly requires an understanding of Korean counters and descriptive verbs. When you are counting buildings, the most common counter is 동 (dong) for large apartment blocks or 채 (chae) for traditional houses or standalone structures. However, in casual speech, many people simply use 개 (gae), the general counter for objects. To describe the act of constructing a building, the verb 짓다 (jit-da) is used, which is the same verb used for 'making' rice or 'composing' a name, implying a creative and laborious process.
- Common Verbs
- 건물을 짓다 (to build a building), 건물을 사다 (to buy a building), 건물이 무너지다 (a building collapses).
이 건물 안에는 식당이 많아요. (There are many restaurants inside this building.)
Grammatically, 건물 is often followed by location particles like -에 (in/at) or -안에 (inside). For example, if you are meeting someone, you might say "건물 앞에서 봐요" (Let's meet in front of the building). When describing the size or height of a building, you would use adjectives like 높다 (tall/high) or 크다 (big). It is important to note that when referring to the floor of a building, the word 층 (cheung) is used. For instance, "건물 5층" means the 5th floor of the building. In professional settings, architects or real estate agents might use the more formal 건축물 (geonchukmul), which specifically refers to 'architectural structures' or 'works of architecture.'
오래된 건물을 리모델링하고 있어요. (They are remodeling an old building.)
In daily life, you will hear 건물 most frequently in the context of navigation. Because South Korean cities are so densely packed, buildings serve as the primary landmarks. If you call a taxi, the driver might ask, "어느 건물 앞인가요?" (In front of which building are you?). Similarly, when looking for a specific shop or cafe, the address will often include the building's name, such as "스타빌딩 3층" (Star Building, 3rd floor). In this case, the specific name is used, but the generic category remains 건물.
- Navigation Phrases
- 빨간색 건물 (the red building), 저기 큰 건물 (that big building over there), 건물 뒤편 (behind the building).
Another common place to hear this word is in the news, particularly concerning the real estate market. Words like 건물 매매 (building sale) or 건물 관리 (building management) are standard vocabulary for anyone living in Korea. You might also hear it in academic or safety contexts, such as 건물 안전 진단 (building safety inspection) or 건물 붕괴 (building collapse), which are serious topics often discussed in public safety announcements. In the workplace, employees often talk about the 건물 facilities, such as the cafeteria or the parking lot, using phrases like "우리 건물 주차장이 좁아요" (Our building's parking lot is narrow).
이 건물은 24시간 개방됩니다. (This building is open 24 hours.)
A frequent mistake for English speakers learning Korean is confusing 건물 (geonmul) with 집 (jib). While 'house' is a type of 'building' in English, in Korean, 집 refers to a home or a place where people live, while 건물 is the physical structure itself. If you say "우리 건물에 놀러 와" (Come over to my building), it sounds like you are inviting someone to the entire office block or apartment complex rather than your specific home. To invite someone to your house, you must use 집.
- Confusion: Building vs. Home
- Mistake: 저 건물은 제 집이에요. (That building is my house - implies you own the whole thing). Correct: 저 건물이 제가 사는 아파트예요. (That building is the apartment where I live).
Another common error involves the misuse of the loanword 빌딩 (building). In English, 'building' is a generic term. In Korean, 빌딩 almost always refers to a high-rise, modern, commercial structure. Calling a small 2-story traditional shop a '빌딩' would sound unnatural and slightly humorous to a native speaker. In that case, 건물 or 상가 (commercial space) would be more appropriate. Additionally, learners often forget the correct counters. While 개 is acceptable, using 동 for large buildings shows a much higher level of proficiency.
틀린 표현: 우리 건물에서 밥 먹자. (Let's eat at my building - awkward). 맞는 표현: 우리 집에서 밥 먹자. (Let's eat at my house - natural).
While 건물 is the most common term, several other words describe structures depending on their function and formality. Understanding these nuances will help you sound more like a native speaker. For example, 건축물 (geonchukmul) is a more academic or formal term for 'architecture' or 'a work of construction.' It is used when discussing the design, history, or technical aspects of a building. On the other hand, 빌딩 (building) is a loanword typically reserved for tall, glass-fronted office towers in downtown areas.
- Comparison Table
- 건물: General, everyday term for any structure.
- 빌딩: Tall, modern, commercial structures.
- 건축물: Formal, focuses on the architectural design.
- 상가: Specifically refers to buildings with shops and businesses.
- 가옥: A traditional or formal term for a house.
If you are talking about a specific type of building, it is better to use the specific noun. For instance, 아파트 (apartment), 학교 (school), or 병원 (hospital). Using 건물 is safe when you don't know the exact function of the structure or when you are referring to it purely as a physical landmark. In real estate, you might also encounter the term 매물 (maemul), which refers to a building that is currently on the market for sale or lease.
이 건축물은 조선 시대의 양식을 따르고 있습니다. (This architectural structure follows the style of the Joseon Dynasty.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
In ancient times, the character '물' (物) was often used to describe animals or general matter. Combined with '건' (建), it specifically narrowed down to man-made physical structures.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'eo' as 'o' (like 'gon-mul'). It should be 'geon-mul'.
- Over-emphasizing the 'l' at the end. It should be a light touch of the tongue to the roof of the mouth.
- Pronouncing 'u' as 'uh'. It must be a clear 'oo' sound.
سطح دشواری
Very easy to recognize as it is a common A1 noun with simple Hanja roots.
Simple to write, though the 'eo' (ㅓ) vowel must be distinguished from 'o' (ㅗ).
Easy to pronounce, but requires practice with the final 'l' sound.
Very distinct sound that is easy to pick out in conversations.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Counters (동, 채, 개)
건물 한 동, 집 한 채, 건물 두 개
Location Particles (-에, -에서)
건물에 있다, 건물에서 일하다
Descriptive Adjectives
높은 건물, 예쁜 건물, 낡은 건물
Honorifics with Owners
건물주님 (Honored building owner)
Compound Nouns
건물 + 안 = 건물 안 (Inside the building)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
저 건물은 학교예요.
That building is a school.
저 (that) + 건물 (building) + -은 (topic particle)
건물이 아주 커요.
The building is very big.
건물 (building) + -이 (subject particle) + 아주 (very) + 커요 (is big)
건물 앞에 나무가 있어요.
There is a tree in front of the building.
건물 (building) + 앞 (front) + -에 (location particle)
이 건물은 뭐예요?
What is this building?
이 (this) + 건물 (building) + 뭐예요 (what is it?)
하얀 건물을 봐요.
Look at the white building.
하얀 (white) + 건물 (building) + -을 (object particle)
건물에 들어갑니다.
I am entering the building.
건물 (building) + -에 (into) + 들어가다 (to enter)
여기 건물이 많아요.
There are many buildings here.
여기 (here) + 건물 (building) + 많다 (to be many)
작은 건물이에요.
It is a small building.
작은 (small) + 건물 (building) + -이에요 (is)
건물 1층에 편의점이 있어요.
There is a convenience store on the first floor of the building.
건물 (building) + 1층 (1st floor) + -에 (location)
우리 집은 저 건물 뒤에 있어요.
My house is behind that building.
뒤 (behind) + -에 (location)
건물 옆에서 친구를 만나요.
I meet my friend next to the building.
옆 (side/beside) + -에서 (at/location of action)
이 건물은 언제 지었어요?
When was this building built?
언제 (when) + 지었어요 (built - past tense of 짓다)
노란색 건물을 찾으세요.
Please look for the yellow building.
찾으세요 (please look for/find)
건물 안이 너무 추워요.
It is too cold inside the building.
안 (inside) + -이 (subject particle)
저 건물은 10층까지 있어요.
That building has up to 10 floors.
10층 (10th floor) + -까지 (up to)
건물 밖으로 나갑시다.
Let's go outside the building.
밖 (outside) + -으로 (towards) + -읍시다 (let's)
오래된 건물을 카페로 바꿨어요.
They turned an old building into a cafe.
바꾸다 (to change/transform) + -었/았어요 (past tense)
건물이 높아서 전망이 좋아요.
Because the building is tall, the view is good.
-아서/어서 (because/so)
이 건물은 주차장이 너무 좁아요.
This building's parking lot is too narrow.
주차장 (parking lot) + 좁다 (to be narrow)
새 건물이 들어서니까 동네가 밝아졌어요.
Since a new building was built, the neighborhood has become brighter.
-니까 (since/because) + 밝아지다 (to become bright)
건물 관리비가 얼마나 나와요?
How much is the building maintenance fee?
관리비 (maintenance fee) + 얼마나 (how much)
그 건물은 디자인이 아주 독특해요.
That building has a very unique design.
디자인 (design) + 독특하다 (to be unique)
건물 입구를 못 찾겠어요.
I can't seem to find the building entrance.
입구 (entrance) + 못 (cannot)
이 건물은 지진에 안전한가요?
Is this building safe from earthquakes?
지진 (earthquake) + 안전하다 (to be safe)
건물을 지을 때 친환경 재료를 사용했습니다.
Eco-friendly materials were used when building the building.
친환경 (eco-friendly) + 재료 (materials)
이 건물은 역사적으로 보존할 가치가 있습니다.
This building is worth preserving historically.
보존하다 (to preserve) + 가치 (value)
건물주와 임대료 협상을 하고 있어요.
I am negotiating the rent with the building owner.
건물주 (landlord) + 임대료 (rent)
건물이 노후화되어 안전 진단이 필요합니다.
The building has aged, so a safety diagnosis is necessary.
노후화 (aging/deterioration) + 진단 (diagnosis)
이 건물은 상업 용도로만 사용할 수 있습니다.
This building can only be used for commercial purposes.
상업 용도 (commercial purpose) + -만 (only)
건물 전체를 리모델링하는 데 비용이 많이 들어요.
It costs a lot to remodel the entire building.
비용 (cost) + 들다 (to take/cost)
주변 건물들과 조화를 이루는 디자인입니다.
It is a design that achieves harmony with surrounding buildings.
조화 (harmony) + 이루다 (to achieve)
건물 내에서는 금연입니다.
Smoking is prohibited inside the building.
내 (inside/within) + 금연 (no smoking)
건물의 구조적 결함이 발견되어 공사가 중단되었습니다.
Construction was halted because structural defects were found in the building.
구조적 결함 (structural defect) + 중단되다 (to be halted)
이 건축물은 현대 건축의 정수를 보여줍니다.
This building shows the essence of modern architecture.
정수 (essence) + 보여주다 (to show)
건물 매입을 위한 대출 심사가 진행 중입니다.
A loan screening for the purchase of the building is in progress.
매입 (purchase) + 심사 (screening)
도시 재생 사업의 일환으로 낡은 건물을 개조했습니다.
An old building was renovated as part of an urban regeneration project.
도시 재생 (urban regeneration) + 일환 (part)
건물의 용적률을 최대한 활용하여 설계되었습니다.
It was designed to maximize the building's floor area ratio.
용적률 (floor area ratio) + 활용하다 (to utilize)
해당 건물은 화재 예방 시스템이 잘 갖춰져 있습니다.
The building in question is well-equipped with a fire prevention system.
갖춰져 있다 (to be equipped)
건물 외벽의 자재가 빛을 반사하여 눈이 부십니다.
The material of the building's exterior wall reflects light and is dazzling.
외벽 (exterior wall) + 자재 (materials)
불법 건축물로 판명되어 철거 명령이 내려졌습니다.
It was determined to be an illegal building, and a demolition order was issued.
철거 (demolition) + 명령 (order)
이 건물은 포스트모더니즘의 미학을 극명하게 드러냅니다.
This building starkly reveals the aesthetics of postmodernism.
미학 (aesthetics) + 극명하게 (starkly/clearly)
건물의 입지는 부동산 가치를 결정하는 핵심 요소입니다.
The location of a building is a key factor in determining real estate value.
입지 (location/positioning) + 핵심 요소 (key factor)
고층 건물의 풍하중을 견디기 위한 특수 설계가 도입되었습니다.
Special designs were introduced to withstand the wind load of the high-rise building.
풍하중 (wind load) + 도입되다 (to be introduced)
건물의 외관만큼이나 내부의 기능성도 중요합니다.
The internal functionality is just as important as the building's exterior.
-만큼이나 (just as much as)
무분별한 건물 신축이 도시의 스카이라인을 해치고 있습니다.
Indiscriminate construction of new buildings is damaging the city's skyline.
무분별한 (indiscriminate) + 해치다 (to damage)
이 건물은 에너지 자립형 구조로 설계된 혁신적인 사례입니다.
This building is an innovative example designed as an energy-independent structure.
에너지 자립형 (energy-independent)
건물의 철거와 재건축 사이에서 주민들의 의견이 갈리고 있습니다.
Residents' opinions are divided between the demolition and reconstruction of the building.
의견이 갈리다 (opinions are divided)
역사적 건물의 훼손은 문화적 자산의 손실을 의미합니다.
The damage to historical buildings signifies the loss of cultural assets.
훼손 (damage) + 자산 (asset)
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The full view or landscape of a building.
건물 전경이 아주 멋집니다.
— A commercial building with shops.
상가 건물 2층에 병원이 있어요.
— A building layout or site plan.
건물 배치도를 확인해 보세요.
— The legal owner of a building.
건물 소유주와 직접 이야기하세요.
— The exterior wall of a building.
건물 외벽을 청소하고 있어요.
— A building collapse.
건물 붕괴 사고가 발생했습니다.
— The area behind the building.
건물 뒤쪽에 주차장이 있어요.
— Inside the building (formal).
건물 내 흡연은 금지입니다.
— The intended use of the building.
건물 용도를 변경하고 싶어요.
— A large-scale building.
대형 건물은 관리가 어렵습니다.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— The building owner is above the Creator (God). Reflects the high social status of landlords in Korea.
요즘은 조물주 위에 건물주라고 하잖아요.
Slang/Humorous— A building built on sand. Refers to something with a weak foundation that will soon fail.
그 계획은 모래 위에 세운 건물과 같아요.
Metaphorical— To pull out the pillars of a building. Used when someone spends an excessive amount of money.
이번 여행에서 건물 기둥을 뽑을 정도로 돈을 썼어요.
Hyperbole— Two buildings under one roof. Refers to two different organizations or families operating in one space.
그 회사는 한 지붕 두 건물 같은 구조예요.
Neutral— Only the building is shiny. Refers to something that looks good on the outside but is empty or poor on the inside.
그 회사는 건물만 번드르르하고 실속은 없어요.
Idiomatic— Buying a building rather than a home. Refers to prioritizing investment over personal living.
그는 내 집 마련보다 건물 마련에 관심이 많아요.
Social— The sun sets between buildings. A common poetic description of urban sunsets.
건물 사이로 해가 지는 모습이 아름다워요.
Literary— A forest of buildings. Refers to a dense urban area with many skyscrapers.
서울은 건물 숲으로 가득 차 있어요.
Metaphorical— To hit the floor of the building. Often used in real estate to mean prices have reached their lowest point.
건물 가격이 바닥을 쳤을 때 사야 해요.
Financial— The 'head' (top) of the building is high. Refers to a very tall skyscraper.
저 건물은 머리가 구름에 닿을 것 같아요.
Poeticالگوهای جملهسازی
[Object]은
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a 'GUN' (건) and a 'MULE' (물). Imagine a mule carrying a gun to a construction site to protect the building.
تداعی تصویری
Visualize the Hanja 建 (geon) which looks like a tall ladder against a wall, helping you remember it's about building upwards.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to identify five different types of '건물' on your way home today and name their colors in Korean.
ریشه کلمه
From the Hanja characters 建 (건 - build) and 物 (물 - thing). The character 建 represents a hand holding a writing brush or a tool to set a standard/post, and 物 represents all things under heaven.
معنای اصلی: A thing that has been established or built.
Sino-Korean (Hanja-derived).بافت فرهنگی
Be careful not to sound too materialistic when talking about '건물주' (building owners), as it can sometimes touch on social inequality issues in Korea.
In English, we often use specific words like 'office' or 'store' rather than just 'building.' In Korean, '건물' is used much more frequently as a general identifier.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Giving Directions
- 건물 코너를 도세요.
- 건물 맞은편에 있어요.
- 파란 건물 옆이에요.
- 건물 안으로 들어오세요.
Real Estate
- 건물 가격이 올랐어요.
- 건물을 사고 싶어요.
- 건물주가 누구예요?
- 건물 상태가 좋아요.
Daily Life
- 건물 화장실이 어디예요?
- 건물 옥상에 가봐요.
- 건물 입구에서 기다릴게요.
- 이 건물은 낡았어요.
At Work
- 우리 건물은 보안이 철저해요.
- 건물 엘리베이터가 고장 났어요.
- 건물 식당이 맛있어요.
- 건물 회의실을 예약하세요.
News/Safety
- 건물 화재 주의하세요.
- 건물 붕괴 위험이 있습니다.
- 건물 안전 점검을 실시합니다.
- 노후 건물을 철거합니다.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"저 건물의 디자인이 정말 독특하지 않나요?"
"이 근처에서 가장 높은 건물이 어디예요?"
"당신은 나중에 건물주가 되고 싶나요?"
"이 건물의 역사에 대해 알고 계신가요?"
"우리 회사가 있는 건물을 찾기 쉬웠나요?"
موضوعات نگارش
오늘 본 건물 중에서 가장 인상 깊었던 건물에 대해 써보세요.
내가 직접 건물을 설계한다면 어떤 모습일지 설명해 보세요.
한국의 건물들과 당신 나라의 건물들은 어떻게 다른가요?
건물주가 된다면 가장 먼저 무엇을 하고 싶은지 적어보세요.
오래된 건물을 보존하는 것이 왜 중요한지 당신의 생각을 써보세요.
Summary
The word 건물 is your go-to term for any physical building structure in Korea. Whether you are identifying a landmark, looking for an office, or discussing property, this word is essential for navigating Korean urban life. Example: '저 건물 3층으로 오세요' (Please come to the 3rd floor of that building).
- 건물 (Geonmul) is the standard Korean word for 'building,' covering everything from small shops to large skyscrapers.
- It is a noun derived from Hanja, meaning 'constructed thing,' and is used in both casual and formal contexts.
- Commonly used in giving directions, discussing real estate, and describing city landscapes across South Korea.
- Unlike 'jib' (home), 'geonmul' refers to the physical structure itself rather than the personal living space.
مثال
저 큰 건물은 은행이에요.
محتوای مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر travel
숙소
B1مکانی که کسی برای مدت کوتاهی در آن اقامت میکند، مانند هتل یا مسافرخانه. 'محل اقامت ما بسیار عالی بود.'
어댑터
A2A device for connecting parts of different sizes or types.
입장료
A1A fee charged for entry to a place or event; an admission fee.
~후에
A2نشان میدهد که یک عمل بعد از عمل دیگری اتفاق میافتد. با اسم یا فعل استفاده میشود.
~ㄴ/은 후에
A2بیانگر عملی است که پس از عمل یا رویداد دیگری رخ می دهد؛ بعد از انجام دادن.
은/는 후에
A2نشاندهنده عملی است که بعد از عمل دیگری رخ میدهد، به معنای 'بعد از انجام دادن'. مثال: بعد از غذا خوردن، میخوابم.
비행기
A1Airplane; a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings.
공항
A1محلی که هواپیماها در آن بلند میشوند و مینشینند. دارای ساختمانهایی برای مسافران جهت انتظار، پذیرش و بازرسی امنیتی قبل از پرواز است.
공항버스
A2اتوبوس فرودگاه کجاست؟ من با اتوبوس فرودگاه به سئول رفتم.
통로
A2یک راهرو یا گذرگاه بین ردیفهای صندلی یا قفسهها. 'لطفاً راهرو را مسدود نکنید.'
