철수하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 철수하다 means to withdraw or remove a group and its equipment from a location.
- It is a formal word used for military, business, and large-scale event contexts.
- The noun form is '철수' (withdrawal) and the causative is '철수시키다' (to make withdraw).
- It is different from '후퇴하다' (retreat) because it is usually planned and orderly.
The Korean verb 철수하다 (cheol-su-ha-da) is a formal and specific term that primarily translates to 'to withdraw,' 'to pull out,' or 'to evacuate.' While it may sound like a common male name in Korea (Cheol-su), in a linguistic context, it is a Hanja-based word (撤收) that carries significant weight in military, business, and organizational settings. At its core, it describes the action of moving people, equipment, or an entire presence away from a specific location after a mission, project, or period of occupation has concluded. It is not merely 'leaving' a place; it implies a structured and intentional removal of resources.
- Military Context
- This is the most traditional use. When a country decides to bring its soldiers back from a foreign land or a specific battlefront, they use '철수하다'. It suggests a strategic move rather than a chaotic retreat.
- Business Context
- If a multinational corporation decides to close all its branches in a specific country because of poor sales or political instability, they are said to '철수' from that market. It signifies a complete exit of the brand and its operations.
- Event/Logistics Context
- After a large festival or a protest ends, the organizers must remove the tents, stages, and equipment. This process of clearing out the physical setup is also referred to as '철수'.
정부는 내년까지 모든 부대를 해외에서 철수하기로 결정했습니다. (The government decided to withdraw all troops from overseas by next year.)
Understanding the nuance of '철수하다' requires recognizing that it is a 'clean' exit. Unlike '후퇴하다' (to retreat), which often implies being pushed back by an enemy or failing, '철수하다' can be a planned, neutral, or even successful conclusion to a stay. For instance, after a successful peacekeeping mission, the troops '철수' because their job is done. Similarly, a company might '철수' from a market not because they failed, but because they are pivoting their global strategy. It is a word of logistics and finality.
행사가 끝난 후 스태프들은 전시물을 철수하기 시작했습니다. (After the event ended, the staff began to remove the exhibits.)
In daily life, you might hear this word on the news regarding international relations or economic shifts. If a famous coffee chain leaves a neighborhood, the news might report it as a 'market withdrawal' (시장 철수). It carries a formal tone, making it suitable for reports, news articles, and business meetings. It is rarely used in casual conversation among friends unless they are jokingly referring to leaving a place in a very organized or dramatic fashion.
기업이 적자로 인해 한국 시장에서 철수했다. (The company withdrew from the Korean market due to a deficit.)
- Nuance Comparison
- '철수' (Withdrawal) vs '대피' (Evacuation): 철수 is usually planned and orderly; 대피 is often urgent and due to danger.
Using 철수하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical patterns. As a transitive verb, it often takes an object—the thing being removed or the group being withdrawn. However, it can also be used intransitively when referring to a group moving itself away from a location. The most common particle associated with the location is '~에서' (from), indicating the point of origin for the withdrawal.
- Pattern 1: [Entity] + 이/가 + [Location] + 에서 + 철수하다
- This pattern describes a subject withdrawing itself from a place. Example: '미군이 아프가니스탄에서 철수했다.' (The US military withdrew from Afghanistan.)
- Pattern 2: [Subject] + 이/가 + [Object] + 을/를 + 철수시키다
- This is the causative form, meaning 'to make [object] withdraw' or 'to order the withdrawal of [object]'. Example: '사령관은 병력을 철수시켰다.' (The commander withdrew the troops.)
비가 오기 시작하자 상인들은 가판대를 철수했습니다. (As it started to rain, the vendors removed their stalls.)
When using '철수하다' in a business context, it often refers to 'divestment' or 'market exit.' You will frequently see it paired with words like '시장' (market), '사업' (business/project), or '지점' (branch). It implies a total cessation of activities in that specific domain. For example, if a smartphone manufacturer stops selling phones in Europe, they '철수' from the European smartphone market.
그 백화점은 수익성이 낮은 지역에서 매장을 철수하기로 했습니다. (The department store decided to withdraw its shops from low-profit areas.)
In formal writing, '철수하다' is often used in the passive-like form '철수되다' (to be withdrawn), although this is less common than the active form. It is also important to note the tense. Because '철수' is an action that marks an end, it is very frequently used in the past tense (철수했다) or the future/planned tense (철수할 예정이다).
위험이 감지되자 모든 연구원들이 기지에서 철수했습니다. (As danger was detected, all researchers withdrew from the base.)
- Common Collocations
- 전면 철수 (Total withdrawal), 단계적 철수 (Phased withdrawal), 즉각 철수 (Immediate withdrawal).
Finally, consider the scale. '철수하다' is rarely used for one person leaving a room. It implies a collective or a significant physical presence (like a set of equipment). If you are leaving a cafe, you say '나가다'. If a film crew is packing up their cameras, lighting, and trucks after a long day of shooting, they '철수하다'.
You will encounter 철수하다 most frequently in the media. It is a staple of news broadcasts, particularly in segments covering international geopolitics, economic shifts, and large-scale public events. Because it sounds professional and objective, journalists prefer it over more casual verbs for 'leaving' or 'quitting.'
[뉴스 속보] 평화 유지군이 분쟁 지역에서 전격 철수했습니다. ([Breaking News] Peacekeeping forces have suddenly withdrawn from the conflict zone.)
In the business world, during boardroom presentations or financial reports, '철수하다' is used to describe strategic exits. If a company is discussing why they are no longer selling a certain product line in a specific country, the CEO might say, '우리는 해당 시장에서 철수하기로 결정했습니다.' This indicates a high-level corporate decision rather than a simple operational change.
Another common place to hear this word is at the end of large-scale construction or event projects. When the temporary walls (펜스) around a construction site are taken down, or when a pop-up store closes its doors for the last time, the workers talk about '철수 작업' (withdrawal/removal work). It signals the transition of a space back to its original state or to its next phase.
공사가 완료되어 현장에 있던 장비들을 철수하고 있습니다. (The construction is complete, and the equipment on-site is being withdrawn.)
In police or emergency service contexts, if a search-and-rescue team has finished their mission or if a police line is being removed after an investigation, the term '철수' is used. It denotes the formal end of an official presence at a scene. If you are watching a detective drama, the lead investigator might say, '상황 종료, 전원 철수한다!' (Situation over, everyone withdraw!).
- Daily Life Usage
- While rare in casual chat, you might use it when moving out of a temporary office or a booth at a flea market. '오늘 5시에 부스 철수해야 해요.' (I have to pack up the booth at 5 PM today.)
Social media and online forums also use '철수' when talking about games or apps. If a foreign game developer stops providing services in Korea, gamers will lament the '한국 시장 철수' (withdrawal from the Korean market). It represents a loss of service and a final departure from the local community.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 철수하다 is using it for simple, individual movements. Because 'withdraw' in English can sometimes be used for people leaving a room or a party, learners might say '저는 파티에서 철수했어요.' This sounds very strange in Korean—as if you were a military unit or a business entity leaving the party. For personal departures, use '가다' (go), '떠나다' (leave), or '나오다' (come out).
❌ 저는 학교에서 철수했어요. (Sounds like you removed your equipment and troops from school.)
✅ 저는 학교에서 나왔어요. (I came out of/left school.)
Another mistake is confusing '철수하다' (withdraw/remove) with '취소하다' (cancel). While both can involve 'stopping' something, '철수하다' specifically involves physical movement or the cessation of a physical presence. You '취소' a meeting or a reservation, but you '철수' a military base or a market presence. You cannot '철수' a plan; you '철회하다' (withdraw/retract) a plan or a statement.
Learners also often struggle with the causative form. If you want to say 'The general made the troops leave,' you should use '철수시키다' (to make/order to withdraw). Using '철수하다' in this context might make it sound like the general himself is the one leaving, rather than the troops under his command.
- Mistake: Confusing with '후퇴하다'
- '후퇴하다' (to retreat) implies moving backward due to pressure or defeat. '철수하다' is more neutral and logistical. Using '후퇴' when you mean '철수' might accidentally imply that a company or army was defeated when they were actually just finishing their job.
Finally, watch out for the spelling and pronunciation. Because '철수' (Cheol-su) is such a common name, some learners might misspell it or associate it too closely with the person. Remember that the Hanja '撤' (withdraw) and '收' (gather) are what define this word's meaning. It is a formal, Sino-Korean word, so it should be treated with the appropriate level of formality in your sentences.
❌ 군대는 적군 때문에 철수했다. (While possible, '후퇴했다' is more accurate if they were forced by the enemy.)
✅ 군대는 작전이 끝나서 철수했다. (The military withdrew because the operation ended.)
To master 철수하다, it is helpful to compare it with other Korean verbs that deal with leaving, moving, or stopping. Each has a specific context where it is more appropriate than '철수하다'.
- 철수하다 vs 후퇴하다 (Retreat)
- '철수하다' is logistical and planned. '후퇴하다' is tactical and often forced by an opposing force. In a game of chess, if you move a piece back to protect it, that is '후퇴'. If you take all your pieces off the board and go home, that is '철수'.
- 철수하다 vs 철회하다 (Retract/Withdraw an idea)
- '철수' involves physical objects or people. '철회' involves words, promises, or legal actions. If a politician takes back a promise, they '철회' it. If they move their campaign office out of a city, they '철수' it.
- 철수하다 vs 퇴각하다 (Fall back)
- '퇴각하다' is a more literary or military-specific version of '후퇴하다'. It sounds more formal and is often used in history books or epic movies.
비교:
1. 군대가 기지에서 철수했다. (The army withdrew from the base - neutral/planned.)
2. 군대가 적에게 밀려 후퇴했다. (The army retreated, pushed by the enemy - forced.)
In a business context, you might also hear 이탈하다 (to break away/deviate) or 중단하다 (to stop/discontinue). '이탈하다' is used when someone leaves a group or a standard path (like a 'market breakaway'). '중단하다' focus on the action stopping, whereas '철수하다' focus on the physical presence being removed.
회사는 신제품 개발을 중단하고, 기존 시장에서 철수했습니다. (The company stopped developing new products and withdrew from existing markets.)
For smaller-scale things, like taking down a tent or a small stall, you can use 치우다 (to clear away/clean up). '철수하다' sounds much more formal and organized than '치우다'. If you are cleaning your room, use '치우다'. If a company is removing its entire exhibition booth from a convention center, use '철수하다'.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing '철' as '절' (jeol) - don't forget the air puff (aspiration).
- Pronouncing '수' as '슈' (syu).
- Slurring '하다' into '아다'.
- Associating the sound too much with the English name 'Charles'.
- Confusing the pitch with the common name 'Cheol-su' which might have different intonation depending on dialect.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
군인이 철수해요.
The soldier withdraws.
Present tense of '철수하다'.
가게가 철수했습니다.
The shop has withdrawn (closed and moved out).
Past tense of '철수하다'.
우리는 여기서 철수해요.
We are withdrawing from here.
Using '여기서' (from here) as the location.
언제 철수합니까?
When do you withdraw?
Formal questioning form.
내일 철수할 거예요.
I will withdraw tomorrow.
Future tense with -(으)ㄹ 거예요.
철수하지 마세요.
Please do not withdraw.
Negative command with -지 마세요.
빨리 철수하세요.
Please withdraw quickly.
Honorific command with -(으)세요.
팀이 철수하고 있어요.
The team is withdrawing.
Present progressive with -고 있다.
축제가 끝나서 부스를 철수해요.
The festival is over, so we are removing the booth.
Reasoning with -아서/어서.
미군이 한국에서 철수합니까?
Is the US military withdrawing from Korea?
Formal question about a specific entity.
회사가 일본 시장에서 철수했습니다.
The company withdrew from the Japanese market.
Business context with '시장' (market).
짐을 다 싸고 철수할 준비를 해요.
Pack all the luggage and prepare to withdraw.
Compound verb '준비를 하다' (to prepare).
비가 오면 바로 철수해야 해요.
If it rains, we must withdraw immediately.
Conditional -면 and obligation -해야 하다.
경찰이 현장에서 철수하고 있습니다.
The police are withdrawing from the scene.
Present progressive in a formal context.
모든 장비를 철수하기로 결정했어요.
We decided to withdraw all equipment.
Decision making with -기로 결정하다.
철수하는 것이 좋겠습니다.
It would be good to withdraw.
Suggesting with -는 것이 좋겠다.
정부는 군대 철수를 명령했습니다.
The government ordered the withdrawal of the troops.
Noun form '철수' used as an object.
수익이 나지 않아서 사업을 철수했습니다.
They withdrew from the business because it wasn't profitable.
Negative reason with -지 않아서.
안전상의 이유로 연구진이 철수했습니다.
The research team withdrew for safety reasons.
Formal reason '-상의 이유로'.
전시회가 끝나면 작품을 철수해야 합니다.
When the exhibition ends, the artworks must be removed.
Time clause with -(으)면.
그들은 갑자기 기지에서 철수해 버렸어요.
They suddenly withdrew from the base (completely/unexpectedly).
Emphasis on completion/regret with -어 버리다.
단계적으로 병력을 철수할 계획입니다.
There is a plan to withdraw troops in stages.
Adverbial '단계적으로' (gradually/in stages).
철수 작업이 생각보다 오래 걸렸어요.
The withdrawal work took longer than expected.
Noun phrase '철수 작업' (withdrawal work).
반대 여론 때문에 철수를 고민하고 있습니다.
They are considering withdrawal due to opposing public opinion.
Expressing consideration with -고 있다.
회사는 유럽 시장에서의 전면 철수를 발표했다.
The company announced a total withdrawal from the European market.
Noun phrase '전면 철수' (total withdrawal).
평화 협정이 체결되자 군대가 철수하기 시작했다.
As the peace treaty was signed, the military began to withdraw.
Temporal conjunction -자 (as soon as/upon).
사령관은 부상병들을 먼저 철수시켰습니다.
The commander had the wounded soldiers withdrawn first.
Causative verb '철수시키다'.
현지 사정이 악화되어 직원을 철수시킬 수밖에 없었다.
Since the local situation worsened, there was no choice but to withdraw the staff.
Expression '-을 수밖에 없다' (no choice but to).
철수 과정에서 예상치 못한 문제가 발생했습니다.
Unexpected problems occurred during the withdrawal process.
Noun phrase '철수 과정' (withdrawal process).
그 기업은 한국 지점을 철수하고 온라인 판매에 집중하기로 했다.
The company decided to withdraw its Korean branch and focus on online sales.
Connecting actions with -고.
즉각적인 철수를 요구하는 시위가 거세지고 있다.
Protests demanding an immediate withdrawal are intensifying.
Attributive form '-는' modifying '시위'.
철수 명령이 떨어지자마자 텐트를 걷기 시작했다.
As soon as the withdrawal order was given, they started taking down the tents.
Expression '-자마자' (as soon as).
정치적 불안정으로 인해 외국 자본이 시장에서 철수하고 있다.
Foreign capital is withdrawing from the market due to political instability.
Formal cause '-으로 인해'.
군대 철수는 지역 안보에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다.
The troop withdrawal is expected to have a major impact on regional security.
Speculative ending '-을 것으로 보인다'.
기업의 무책임한 철수로 인해 많은 노동자들이 일자리를 잃었다.
Many workers lost their jobs due to the company's irresponsible withdrawal.
Descriptive adjective '무책임한' (irresponsible).
그들은 철수 작전을 비밀리에 수행하기로 합의했다.
They agreed to carry out the withdrawal operation in secret.
Adverbial '비밀리에' (secretly/in secret).
철수 결정을 번복하기에는 이미 너무 늦은 상황이었다.
It was already too late to reverse the withdrawal decision.
Grammar '-기에는' (for doing something).
유엔은 평화 유지군의 철수 시기를 신중하게 검토하고 있다.
The UN is carefully reviewing the timing for the withdrawal of peacekeeping forces.
Adverb '신중하게' (carefully/deliberately).
전략적 철수는 때때로 더 큰 승리를 위한 발판이 되기도 한다.
A strategic withdrawal sometimes serves as a stepping stone for a greater victory.
Noun '발판' (stepping stone/foothold).
철수 비용이 예상치를 훨씬 상회하며 경영에 부담을 주었다.
The withdrawal costs far exceeded expectations, putting a burden on management.
Formal verb '상회하다' (to exceed).
해당 국가는 영토 분쟁지에서의 병력 철수를 공식화했다.
The country formalized the withdrawal of troops from the disputed territory.
Formal verb '공식화하다' (to formalize).
시장에서의 갑작스러운 철수는 브랜드 이미지에 치명적인 타격을 줄 수 있다.
A sudden withdrawal from the market can deal a fatal blow to the brand image.
Adjective '치명적인' (fatal/lethal).
철수 과정에서 발생한 환경 오염 문제는 국제적인 비난을 샀다.
The environmental pollution that occurred during the withdrawal process drew international criticism.
Idiom '비난을 사다' (to draw criticism).
전문가들은 이번 철수가 단순한 후퇴가 아닌 장기적 포석이라고 분석한다.
Experts analyze that this withdrawal is not a simple retreat but a long-term strategic move.
Noun '포석' (strategic move/arrangement).
철수 이후의 치안 공백을 어떻게 메울 것인가가 관건이다.
The key is how to fill the security vacuum after the withdrawal.
Noun '관건' (key/crucial point).
외교적 마찰을 피하기 위해 철수 일정을 조율하는 과정이 매우 복잡했다.
The process of coordinating the withdrawal schedule to avoid diplomatic friction was very complex.
Noun '마찰' (friction/conflict).
철수는 단순히 떠나는 것이 아니라, 책임 있는 마무리를 의미해야 한다.
Withdrawal should not just mean leaving, but a responsible conclusion.
Contrastive structure 'A가 아니라 B'.
동맹국 간의 긴밀한 협의 없이 이루어진 철수는 신뢰를 저하시킨다.
A withdrawal carried out without close consultation between allies undermines trust.
Formal verb '저하시키다' (to lower/degrade).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Preparation for withdrawal. Used when getting ready to leave a site.
내일 아침 일찍 철수 준비를 시작합시다.
— The actual work of removing things. Often used by event staff or construction workers.
철수 작업이 늦어져서 퇴근이 늦어졌다.
— The timing of withdrawal. Crucial in strategic planning.
철수 시기를 놓치면 위험해질 수 있다.
— The decision to withdraw. A major turning point in business or war.
본사에서 갑자기 철수 결정을 내렸다.
— A withdrawal plan. A document outlining how to leave.
철수 계획을 세밀하게 짜야 한다.
— Withdrawal complete. A status update.
오후 3시를 기해 모든 병력의 철수가 완료되었다.
— Notice of withdrawal. Informing others of the plan to leave.
건물주에게 매장 철수 통보를 했다.
— Target for withdrawal. The specific units or items being moved.
이번 철수 대상은 노후화된 장비들이다.
— The cost of withdrawing. Often high in business exits.
철수 비용이 너무 많이 들어서 고민이다.
— The number of people withdrawing.
철수 인원을 파악해서 보고해 주세요.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— While not an idiom itself, it is used metaphorically to mean 'giving up' on a project or relationship in some contexts.
그는 짝사랑에서 철수하기로 했다.
Casual/Metaphorical— To pull one's foot out. Similar to withdrawing from a situation or business.
그는 위험한 사업에서 발을 뺐다.
Idiomatic— To take one's hands off. To stop being involved in something.
나는 이제 그 일에서 손을 뗐어.
Idiomatic— To pack one's bags. Often implies leaving a job or a place for good.
결국 그는 짐을 싸서 떠났다.
General— To lower one's tail. To withdraw in a cowardly way or admit defeat.
그는 기세등등하더니 결국 꼬리를 내렸다.
Informal/Derogatory— To step back. To withdraw from a confrontation.
한 걸음 뒤로 물러서서 생각해보자.
Neutral— To hide one's tracks. To disappear suddenly (a form of withdrawal).
범인은 사건 직후 자취를 감췄다.
Literary— To know when to step down/withdraw.
진정한 리더는 물러날 때를 알아야 한다.
Formal/Proverbial— To raise a white flag. To surrender and withdraw.
그는 결국 백기를 들고 항복했다.
Idiomatic— To empty one's seat. A polite way to say someone has left or withdrawn temporarily.
잠시 자리를 비우겠습니다.
FormalSummary
철수하다 (Withdraw) is the professional way to describe a group leaving a place with all their gear. Example: '군대가 기지에서 철수했다' (The army withdrew from the base).
- 철수하다 means to withdraw or remove a group and its equipment from a location.
- It is a formal word used for military, business, and large-scale event contexts.
- The noun form is '철수' (withdrawal) and the causative is '철수시키다' (to make withdraw).
- It is different from '후퇴하다' (retreat) because it is usually planned and orderly.
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر military
진격하다
A1پیشروی به شیوهای قاطع، به ویژه در نبرد.
공군
A2نیروی هوایی؛ شاخه ای از نیروهای مسلح که جنگ هوایی را انجام می دهد.
경보
A2سیگنال یا صدایی که در مورد خطر هشدار می دهد؛ هشدار.
갑옷
A1پوشش محافظی که برای دفاع از بدن در نبرد پوشیده میشود؛ زره. زره شوالیه از آهن سنگین ساخته شده بود.
육군
A2شاخه زمینی نیروهای مسلح یک کشور؛ ارتش. در کره جنوبی، این بزرگترین بخش نظامی است.
공격
A1عمل حمله یا راه اندازی یک تهاجم علیه دشمن. می تواند فیزیکی، کلامی یا استراتژیک باشد.
공격하다
A1حمله یا تهاجم علیه دشمن.
피하다
A1دوری کردن یا اجتناب کردن از چیزی یا کسی.
전쟁터
B1میدان جنگ؛ جایی که نبرد در آن رخ میدهد. همچنین برای توصیف مکانهای پر هرج و مرج استفاده میشود.
국경
B1مرز خطی است که دو کشور را از هم جدا می کند.
