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A2 verb #3,000 پرکاربردترین 6 دقیقه مطالعه

desempenhar

At the A1 level, you might not use 'desempenhar' often, as you focus on basic verbs like 'fazer' (to do). However, you might encounter it in very simple contexts like 'desempenhar um papel' (playing a role) in a game or a simple school play. It's a 'recognition' word at this stage.
At A2, you start talking about jobs and routines. You learn that 'desempenhar uma função' is how you describe what you do at work. You use it to move beyond basic sentences and sound more like a professional adult.
By B1, you use 'desempenhar' to describe responsibilities and social roles. You can explain how different people in a society or a company perform their tasks. You understand the difference between 'doing' a task and 'performing' a duty.
At B2, you use the word fluently in abstract discussions. You can talk about the role that technology plays in our lives (O papel que a tecnologia desempenha) or how a specific law performs its function. You also start using it in the passive voice or more complex tenses.
At C1, you recognize the stylistic weight of the word. You use it to add precision to your writing, choosing it over 'fazer' to indicate a formal or institutional context. You understand its etymological roots and can use it in nuanced legal or academic arguments.
At C2, the word is a tool for rhetorical precision. You use it to discuss the fulfillment of existential or philosophical roles. You are comfortable with all its derivations and can use it in highly formal speeches or complex literary analysis without hesitation.
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

desempenhar در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Desempenhar means to perform or fulfill a specific role, duty, or function in a formal or professional context.
  • It is commonly paired with nouns like 'papel' (role), 'função' (function), and 'cargo' (position).
  • The verb is regular and belongs to the first conjugation (-ar), making it easy to use once you know the context.
  • It is more formal than 'fazer' and is essential for business Portuguese and discussing responsibilities.

The Portuguese verb desempenhar is a sophisticated and versatile term that primarily translates to "to perform," "to carry out," or "to fulfill." At its core, it describes the action of executing a task, duty, or role with a certain level of responsibility or artistic intent. Unlike the simpler verb fazer (to do/make), desempenhar implies a structured context—be it professional, theatrical, or functional. It is the word you use when someone isn't just 'doing' something, but is acting within a specific capacity.

Professional Context
In a workplace, it refers to the execution of job duties. Ele desempenha as suas funções com excelência. (He performs his duties with excellence.)
Artistic Context
In theater or cinema, it refers to playing a character. A atriz desempenhou o papel de rainha. (The actress played the role of the queen.)
Functional Context
It can describe the operation of a machine or a biological organ. O fígado desempenha uma função vital. (The liver performs a vital function.)

"É fundamental que cada cidadão saiba desempenhar o seu papel na sociedade para o bem comum."

— Exemplo de uso em contexto cívico.

Etymologically, the word is formed by the prefix des- (reversal or removal) and empenhar (to pledge or pawn). Historically, it meant to recover something that was pawned by paying the debt. Over time, this evolved into the idea of 'fulfilling an obligation' or 'redeeming a promise' through action. When you desempenha a task, you are essentially 'un-pledging' yourself by completing what was expected of you. This nuance of 'fulfillment' remains a strong undercurrent in its modern usage.

O atleta desempenhou um excelente trabalho durante a maratona.

O novo software desempenha tarefas complexas em segundos.

Precisamos de alguém que saiba desempenhar liderança.

Ela desempenhou o cargo de diretora por dez anos.

Social Responsibility
Often used in political speeches regarding the duties of elected officials.
Technical Performance
Used in engineering to describe how a component meets its specifications.

In summary, desempenhar is about the intersection of duty and action. It suggests a process where an individual or object meets a standard or fills a pre-defined space (a role, a job, a function). It is a high-frequency verb in formal writing, journalism, and professional evaluations, making it an essential addition to the vocabulary of any intermediate Portuguese learner.

Using desempenhar correctly requires understanding its typical objects. It is a transitive direct verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object without a preposition. You desempenhar something. The most common objects are papel (role), função (function), cargo (position/office), and tarefa (task).

1. With 'Papel' (Role)

This is perhaps the most frequent pairing. It can be literal (acting) or metaphorical (social role).
Exemplo: O professor desempenha um papel crucial na educação. (The teacher plays a crucial role in education.)

2. With 'Função' (Function)

Used for both people and things.
Exemplo: Este botão desempenha a função de ligar o motor. (This button performs the function of starting the engine.)

3. Conjugation Nuances

As a regular -ar verb, it follows the standard pattern, which makes it relatively easy to conjugate. However, because it is often used in formal contexts, you will frequently see it in the Futuro do Presente or the Pretérito Perfeito.

When discussing performance levels, we often use adverbs. Desempenhar bem (to perform well) or desempenhar mal (to perform poorly) are standard constructions. In business, you might hear desempenhar acima das expectativas (to perform above expectations).

Como você desempenha suas atividades sob pressão?

In more advanced usage, desempenhar-se (reflexive) can be used to mean 'to fare' or 'to acquit oneself', though this is less common than the non-reflexive form. For example: Ele desempenhou-se bem na entrevista. (He did well/acquitted himself well in the interview.)

You will encounter desempenhar in several specific environments. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the 'vibe' of the word.

  • Corporate & HR: During performance reviews (avaliações de desempenho), managers will discuss how employees desempenham their duties. It sounds more professional than saying 'como você faz seu trabalho'.
  • News & Media: Journalists use it to describe the actions of politicians or institutions. "O governo não está a desempenhar as suas promessas."
  • Sports Commentary: While 'jogar' is for the game, desempenhar is for the execution of a strategy or a specific role on the field. "O médio desempenhou bem a sua função defensiva."
  • Academic Writing: When describing the purpose of a variable or a component in a study. "A variável X desempenha um efeito moderador."

In daily casual conversation, a Portuguese speaker might just say "fazer" or "trabalhar". However, as soon as the conversation shifts to responsibilities or 'how' something is being done, desempenhar appears. It carries a weight of 'officiality'.

Even though it's an A2/B1 level word, learners often trip up on its specific usage constraints.

Mistake 1: Overusing it for simple actions
Don't say "Eu vou desempenhar o jantar." Use "fazer". Desempenhar requires a role or a complex task.
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Performar'
Performar is an anglicism (from 'to perform') that is becoming common in Brazil, especially in business and arts. However, in formal Portuguese and in Portugal, desempenhar is the correct, traditional choice.
Mistake 3: Incorrect Prepositions
Learners sometimes try to add 'em' or 'de' after the verb. Remember: Desempenhar [objeto]. No preposition needed. Correct: Desempenhar um papel. Incorrect: Desempenhar num papel.

Portuguese has several verbs that overlap with desempenhar. Choosing the right one depends on the nuance you want to convey.

  • Exercer: Specifically used for professions or authority. Exercer a medicina (to practice medicine) or exercer o poder (to exercise power).
  • Cumprir: Focuses on the completion of an obligation or a sentence. Cumprir uma promessa (to fulfill a promise) or cumprir ordens (to follow orders).
  • Realizar: A broad term for making something happen or achieving a goal. Realizar um sonho (to realize a dream).
  • Atuar: Specifically for acting or taking action in a situation. O ator atua no palco.

Desempenhar is the middle ground—it combines the 'acting' of atuar with the 'duty' of cumprir and the 'professionalism' of exercer.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

غیر رسمی

""

عامیانه

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Eu desempenho o papel de aluno.

I play the role of a student.

Present tense, 1st person singular.

2

Você desempenha bem o seu trabalho?

Do you perform your work well?

Interrogative sentence.

3

Ela desempenha o papel de mãe.

She plays the role of a mother.

Subject-verb agreement.

4

Nós desempenhamos tarefas simples.

We perform simple tasks.

1st person plural.

5

Eles desempenham um jogo.

They perform/play a game.

3rd person plural.

6

O robô desempenha a tarefa.

The robot performs the task.

Singular subject.

7

Eu quero desempenhar este papel.

I want to play this role.

Infinitive after 'querer'.

8

Ela não desempenha o papel de vilã.

She doesn't play the role of the villain.

Negative sentence.

1

Ele desempenha as suas funções na empresa.

He performs his duties at the company.

Possessive 'suas' used with functions.

2

Qual papel você desempenha na equipe?

What role do you play in the team?

Question with 'qual'.

3

Nós desempenhamos o nosso melhor hoje.

We performed our best today.

Pretérito Perfeito.

4

O médico desempenha um trabalho importante.

The doctor performs important work.

Adjective placement.

5

Eles desempenham cargos de liderança.

They hold/perform leadership positions.

Plural objects.

6

Você precisa desempenhar suas obrigações.

You need to fulfill your obligations.

Modal verb 'precisar'.

7

O ator desempenhou o papel principal.

The actor played the main role.

Past tense.

8

A máquina desempenha a função automaticamente.

The machine performs the function automatically.

Adverb 'automaticamente'.

1

É necessário desempenhar as tarefas com cuidado.

It is necessary to perform the tasks with care.

Impersonal expression 'É necessário'.

2

Ela sempre desempenhou as suas funções com zelo.

She has always performed her duties with diligence.

Use of 'sempre' with past tense.

3

Se você desempenhar bem, será promovido.

If you perform well, you will be promoted.

Future Subjunctive.

4

O governo deve desempenhar o seu papel social.

The government must play its social role.

Modal verb 'deve'.

5

Ninguém desempenha essa função melhor que ela.

No one performs this function better than her.

Comparative 'melhor que'.

6

Eles desempenharam um papel vital no projeto.

They played a vital role in the project.

Adjective 'vital'.

7

Espero que ele desempenhe bem a tarefa.

I hope he performs the task well.

Present Subjunctive.

8

Como o sistema desempenha essa operação?

How does the system perform this operation?

Technical context.

1

O papel que a educação desempenha é fundamental.

The role that education plays is fundamental.

Relative clause.

2

A empresa busca alguém para desempenhar o cargo de CEO.

The company is looking for someone to fill the CEO position.

Infinitive of purpose.

3

Apesar do cansaço, ele desempenhou a sua missão.

Despite the tiredness, he fulfilled his mission.

Concessive 'Apesar de'.

4

As instituições devem desempenhar as suas responsabilidades.

Institutions must fulfill their responsibilities.

Formal register.

5

O software desempenha múltiplas funções simultaneamente.

The software performs multiple functions simultaneously.

Adverb 'simultaneamente'.

6

Ela desempenhou-se brilhantemente na apresentação.

She performed brilliantly in the presentation.

Reflexive usage (clitic pronoun).

7

O voluntariado desempenha um impacto positivo na comunidade.

Volunteering plays a positive impact on the community.

Abstract object 'impacto'.

8

Não basta apenas estar presente; é preciso desempenhar.

It's not enough just to be present; one must perform.

Elliptical usage.

1

A diplomacia desempenha um papel de mediação nos conflitos.

Diplomacy plays a mediating role in conflicts.

Complex noun phrase.

2

O autor desempenha uma crítica mordaz à sociedade atual.

The author carries out a biting critique of current society.

Metaphorical performance.

3

Caso o funcionário não desempenhe as suas obrigações, será demitido.

Should the employee not fulfill their obligations, they will be fired.

Conditional with Subjunctive.

4

A peça exige que o ator desempenhe várias facetas da personagem.

The play requires the actor to perform various facets of the character.

Subjunctive after 'exigir'.

5

É imperativo que o Estado desempenhe o seu dever constitucional.

It is imperative that the State fulfills its constitutional duty.

Formal 'É imperativo'.

6

O cérebro desempenha processos cognitivos de alta complexidade.

The brain performs highly complex cognitive processes.

Scientific register.

7

Ela desempenhou um papel preponderante na resolução do caso.

She played a leading role in resolving the case.

Sophisticated adjective 'preponderante'.

8

A arte desempenha a função de espelhar a realidade humana.

Art performs the function of mirroring human reality.

Philosophical context.

1

A ontologia desempenha um papel fulcral na metafísica contemporânea.

Ontology plays a central role in contemporary metaphysics.

Academic terminology.

2

O magistrado desempenhou o seu múnus com imparcialidade absoluta.

The magistrate performed his duty with absolute impartiality.

Archaic/Formal 'múnus'.

3

Subjaz à sua ação o desejo de desempenhar um fado glorioso.

Underlying his action is the desire to fulfill a glorious fate.

Inverted sentence structure.

4

A linguagem não apenas comunica, mas desempenha atos de fala.

Language does not only communicate, but performs speech acts.

Linguistic theory context.

5

O tecido social desmorona quando os indivíduos deixam de desempenhar o seu papel ético.

The social fabric collapses when individuals stop performing their ethical role.

Complex conditional/temporal clause.

6

O algoritmo desempenha uma triagem heurística dos dados brutos.

The algorithm performs a heuristic screening of the raw data.

Technical/Scientific precision.

7

Haveria que desempenhar as tarefas com uma mestria inigualável.

One would have to perform the tasks with unparalleled mastery.

Conditional 'Haveria que'.

8

A simbiose desempenha a manutenção do equilíbrio ecossistémico.

Symbiosis performs the maintenance of ecosystemic balance.

High-level biological context.

ترکیب‌های رایج

desempenhar um papel
desempenhar uma função
desempenhar um cargo
desempenhar uma tarefa
desempenhar obrigações
desempenhar bem
desempenhar mal
desempenhar atividades
desempenhar missões
desempenhar responsabilidades

عبارات رایج

Desempenhar com sucesso

Desempenhar com excelência

Saber desempenhar

Capacidade de desempenhar

Pronto para desempenhar

Desempenhar o seu melhor

Desempenhar funções de...

Papel a desempenhar

Dificuldade em desempenhar

Desempenhar plenamente

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

desempenhar vs Desempenar

Means to straighten something that was warped (like wood).

desempenhar vs Empenhar

Means to pledge, pawn, or commit oneself to something.

desempenhar vs Performar

An anglicism used mostly in modern business or arts contexts.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

desempenhar vs

desempenhar vs

desempenhar vs

desempenhar vs

desempenhar vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

nuance

It is more about the 'execution' than the 'creation'.

frequency

High in formal contexts, medium in daily speech.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'desempenhar' for playing an instrument (use tocar).
  • Adding 'em' after the verb (e.g., desempenhar em um papel).
  • Using it for simple physical actions like 'doing the dishes'.
  • Confusing it with 'desempenar' (straightening wood).
  • Using 'performar' in a formal academic paper in Portugal.

نکات

Word Pairing

Always learn 'desempenhar' together with 'papel' and 'função'.

Formal Writing

Use this verb in emails to sound more competent and serious.

Nasal Vowels

Practice the 'em' sound by humming before saying the word.

Regularity

Since it's regular, use it to practice your -ar verb endings.

Business

In an interview, say 'Eu desempenhava...' to describe your past jobs.

News

Watch Portuguese news to hear how often they use it for officials.

Theater

Use it when discussing movies with friends to sound like a critic.

Avoid Anglicisms

Try to use 'desempenhar' instead of 'performar' in formal settings.

Association

Associate it with a badge or a uniform (symbols of a role).

Direct Object

Don't put a preposition after it. Just 'desempenhar [coisa]'.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Latin 'pignus' (pledge) -> Portuguese 'penhor'.

بافت فرهنگی

Portugal has a rich theatrical tradition where 'desempenhar um papel' is the standard way to discuss acting.

The word implies a sense of duty and fulfilling what is expected by the community or employer.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Que papel você desempenha na sua família?"

"Como você desempenha suas tarefas quando está cansado?"

"Qual função este aplicativo desempenha no seu celular?"

"Você acha que os políticos desempenham bem o seu papel?"

"Quem desempenhou o melhor papel naquele filme?"

موضوعات نگارش

Descreva as funções que você desempenha no seu trabalho atual.

Reflita sobre um papel que você desempenhou e do qual se orgulha.

Como a tecnologia desempenha um papel na sua rotina diária?

Escreva sobre as responsabilidades que um líder deve desempenhar.

Quais tarefas você gostaria de desempenhar no futuro?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, to describe how a player fulfills their specific role or strategy on the team.

Both are correct. 'O' is for a specific role, 'um' is for a general role.

Very common, especially in professional and media contexts.

Yes, machines 'desempenham funções' (perform functions).

Negligenciar (to neglect) or descumprir (to fail to fulfill).

No, use 'tocar' for instruments.

It can be (desempenhar-se), meaning to fare or do well in a situation.

No, it is a direct transitive verb.

Yes, 'desempenho' is the noun meaning 'performance'.

Yes, it's essential for basic professional communication.

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