羽毛 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 羽毛 (yǔmáo) means 'feather' and is used to describe birds or materials like down.
- The measure word for a single feather is '根' (gēn).
- It is the root of the word '羽毛球' (badminton).
- Metaphorically, it refers to a person's reputation, especially in the phrase '爱惜羽毛'.
The Chinese term 羽毛 (yǔmáo) is a noun that primarily refers to the feathers of a bird. In a literal sense, it encompasses the entire plumage that covers an avian body, providing insulation, protection, and the necessary aerodynamics for flight. The word is composed of two characters: 羽 (yǔ), which historically depicts two feathers or wings, and 毛 (máo), which generally refers to hair, fur, or down. When combined, they specifically denote bird feathers as opposed to the fur of a mammal or the hair of a human.
- Biological Context
- In biological and descriptive contexts, 羽毛 is used to describe the appearance, color, and texture of birds. You might hear it in a zoo, during a nature documentary, or when discussing pets. For example, describing a peacock's tail involves focusing on its vibrant 羽毛.
- Functional Use
- Beyond the bird itself, the term appears frequently in the context of products made from feathers. This includes 羽绒服 (yǔróngfú) or down jackets, and 羽毛枕头 (yǔmáo zhěntou) or feather pillows. In these cases, it refers to the material's property of being lightweight and insulating.
这只鸟的羽毛非常漂亮，闪烁着蓝色的光芒。
— Description of a kingfisher's plumage
Metaphorically, 羽毛 carries significant weight in Chinese culture regarding reputation and integrity. The phrase 爱惜羽毛 (àixī yǔmáo), literally 'to cherish one's feathers,' is a common idiom used to describe someone who is very careful about maintaining their reputation and moral standing. This usage stems from the observation that birds spend a great deal of time preening and cleaning their feathers to stay healthy and capable of flight; similarly, a person must 'preen' their character to maintain their social standing.
作为一名老师，他非常爱惜自己的羽毛。
— Referring to a teacher's reputation
- Sports Context
- One of the most common places you will see this word is in the sport of 羽毛球 (yǔmáoqiú), or badminton. The 'ball' used in badminton is called a shuttlecock, which traditionally is made with sixteen real feathers (usually from a goose or duck). Thus, the sport is literally 'feather-ball.'
Using 羽毛 correctly involves understanding its measure words and its role in descriptive sentences. Because feathers are often thin and long, the most common measure word used for a single feather is 根 (gēn). If you are referring to a collection of feathers, such as those on a wing or a fan, you might use 片 (piàn) or simply describe them collectively.
- Describing Appearance
- When describing feathers, adjectives like 柔软 (róuruǎn - soft), 轻 (qīng - light), and 五颜六色 (wǔyánliùsè - colorful) are frequently employed. The structure is usually [Noun] + [的] + 羽毛 + [Adjective].
地上有一根白色的羽毛。
— There is a white feather on the ground.
In comparative sentences, 羽毛 is the gold standard for lightness. The phrase 轻如羽毛 (qīng rú yǔmáo), meaning 'light as a feather,' is used to describe anything from a physical object to a light touch or even a lack of burden. This is a very common simile in both spoken and written Chinese.
- Material and Origin
- To specify the type of bird, you place the bird's name before 羽毛. For example, 天鹅的羽毛 (tiān'é de yǔmáo) means 'swan feathers.' This is essential when discussing quality, such as in the luxury bedding industry where goose feathers (鹅毛) are highly prized.
这种枕头是用鹅的羽毛填充的。
— This pillow is filled with goose feathers.
In more advanced contexts, 羽毛 can be used in the structure [Person] + 爱惜 + [自己的] + 羽毛. This doesn't mean they are literally cleaning feathers, but that they are protecting their reputation. It is often used in political or professional discourse to describe someone who refuses to get involved in 'dirty' business or scandals because they value their clean image.
他宁愿辞职也要爱惜自己的羽毛。
— He would rather resign than compromise his reputation.
You will encounter 羽毛 in a variety of real-world settings, ranging from the casual to the highly specialized. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's nuances and practical applications.
- In Sports and Recreation
- Badminton is incredibly popular in China. You will hear '羽毛球' in every gym, park, and sports broadcast. People often shorten phrases, but when discussing the quality of the shuttlecock, they will specifically talk about the '羽毛' being broken or high-quality. A coach might say, '这根羽毛折了' (This feather is broken), indicating the shuttlecock needs to be replaced.
- In Fashion and Shopping
- During winter, the word '羽绒' (yǔróng - down) is everywhere. While '羽毛' refers to the whole feather, '羽绒' refers to the soft under-feathers. However, in casual shopping, you might hear people ask if a jacket has '羽毛' poking out of the seams, or if the filling is high-quality feather/down mix.
这件羽绒服里有很多羽毛钻出来了。
— Complaining about feathers leaking from a jacket
In nature settings, such as visiting a bird sanctuary or a zoo like the Beijing Zoo, the guides and educational plaques will use '羽毛' to explain the characteristics of different species. You might hear, '孔雀的羽毛在阳光下会变色' (Peacock feathers change color in the sunlight).
他在用一根羽毛笔写字。
— He is writing with a quill pen.
Finally, in professional settings or news broadcasts regarding ethics, you will hear the metaphorical usage. If a celebrity or politician is involved in a minor controversy, a commentator might say they are '爱惜羽毛' by quickly apologizing and distancing themselves from the issue to preserve their public image. This is a very sophisticated way to discuss personal branding and integrity.
While 羽毛 is a straightforward word for 'feather,' English speakers often make specific errors when applying it in Chinese due to the broader use of 'hair' or 'fur' in English.
- Confusing Feather with Fur or Hair
- The most common mistake is using 羽毛 for any animal covering. In English, we might say a cat has 'soft hair' or 'soft fur.' In Chinese, cats have 毛 (máo) or 皮毛 (pímáo), but never 羽毛. 羽毛 is exclusively for birds. Similarly, never use it for human hair (头发 - tóufa).
❌ 我的猫有漂亮的羽毛。
— Correcting a common category error
✅ 我的猫有漂亮的毛。
Another mistake involves measure words. English speakers often omit measure words or use the generic 个 (gè). While '一个羽毛' is understandable, it sounds unnatural. For a single feather, you must use 根 (gēn), which is used for long, thin objects (like hair, needles, or feathers).
- Confusing 羽毛 with 羽绒
- In the context of clothing, '羽毛' refers to the hard-quilled feathers, while 羽绒 (yǔróng) refers to the soft down. High-quality winter coats are filled with 羽绒. If you say a coat is filled with 羽毛, it implies it might be prickly and lower quality.
这件衣服里都是硬羽毛，不舒服。
— This coat is full of hard feathers, it's uncomfortable.
Lastly, learners sometimes misinterpret the idiom 爱惜羽毛 as literally taking care of birds. Remember that in 90% of adult conversations, this phrase is a metaphor for reputation management and personal integrity. Context is key!
While 羽毛 is the general term for feather, several related words offer more precision depending on the context. Understanding these will significantly improve your descriptive capabilities in Chinese.
- 羽毛 (yǔmáo) vs. 绒毛 (róngmáo)
- 羽毛 is the broad term for all feathers. 绒毛 specifically refers to 'down' or 'fuzz.' You use 绒毛 for the soft, fluffy feathers of a chick or the insulating layer under a bird's outer feathers. It can also be used for the 'fuzz' on a peach or the soft hair on a baby's arm.
- 羽毛 (yǔmáo) vs. 羽翼 (yǔyì)
- 羽翼 literally means 'feathers and wings,' but it is almost exclusively used metaphorically to mean 'wings' or 'influence/support.' For example, 羽翼丰满 (yǔyì fēngmǎn) means one's wings are fully grown, implying they are now independent and powerful enough to 'fly' on their own in their career or life.
小鸟还没长出羽毛，只有一点绒毛。
— The baby bird hasn't grown feathers yet, only a bit of down.
Another alternative is 翎 (líng), which refers specifically to long, stiff tail or wing feathers, often those used for decoration or on arrows. In historical dramas, you might hear about 孔雀翎 (kǒngquè líng), which are peacock feathers used as rank indicators on official hats during the Qing Dynasty.
- 毛 (máo)
- This is the most generic term. It can mean hair, fur, or feathers. While 羽毛 is more precise for birds, in very casual speech, someone might just say '鸟毛' (bird hair/feather). Note: '鸟毛' can sometimes be used as a mild, rude slang term in certain dialects, so stick to '羽毛' to be safe.
他的羽翼已经丰满，可以自己创业了。
— His 'wings' are full, he can start his own business now.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
鸟有羽毛。
Birds have feathers.
Simple Subject-Verb-Object structure.
这根羽毛是红色的。
This feather is red.
Using '根' as a measure word for a single feather.
羽毛很轻。
Feathers are very light.
Adjective '轻' (light) describing '羽毛'.
我不喜欢羽毛枕头。
I don't like feather pillows.
Using '羽毛' as a modifier for '枕头'.
那是谁的羽毛？
Whose feather is that?
Interrogative sentence with '谁的'.
这只小鸟的羽毛很软。
This little bird's feathers are very soft.
Using '软' (soft) to describe texture.
我有一根羽毛。
I have a feather.
Basic possession with '有'.
羽毛球很好玩。
Badminton is very fun.
Introducing the compound word '羽毛球'.
请给我看那根长羽毛。
Please show me that long feather.
Using '长' (long) as an attribute.
这件羽绒服里有很多小羽毛。
There are many small feathers in this down jacket.
Context of winter clothing.
公园里到处都是鸽子的羽毛。
There are pigeon feathers everywhere in the park.
Using '到处都是' (everywhere) with the noun.
这些羽毛是什么颜色的？
What color are these feathers?
Plurality implied by '这些'.
猫的毛和鸟的羽毛不一样。
A cat's fur and a bird's feathers are different.
Comparison using '不一样'.
你可以在这儿买羽毛扇。
You can buy feather fans here.
Compound noun '羽毛扇'.
这根羽毛是从哪儿来的？
Where did this feather come from?
Using '从...来的' to indicate origin.
看，那只鸟正在理它的羽毛。
Look, that bird is preening its feathers.
Using the verb '理' (to tidy/preen).
这个箱子轻如羽毛，我一个人就能搬动。
This box is as light as a feather; I can move it by myself.
Idiomatic simile '轻如羽毛'.
这种鸟的羽毛具有防水功能。
The feathers of this bird have a waterproof function.
Formal descriptive language '具有...功能'.
为了做这个装饰品，我收集了很多漂亮的羽毛。
To make this ornament, I collected many beautiful feathers.
Purpose clause with '为了'.
羽毛球的质量取决于羽毛的好坏。
The quality of a shuttlecock depends on the quality of the feathers.
Using '取决于' (depends on).
他在草地上捡到了一根孔雀的羽毛。
He picked up a peacock feather on the grass.
Verb '捡到' (picked up/found).
这种枕头是用天然羽毛填充的，非常舒服。
This pillow is filled with natural feathers and is very comfortable.
Passive structure '是用...填充的'.
这些羽毛在阳光下闪闪发光。
These feathers are glistening in the sunlight.
Descriptive phrase '闪闪发光'.
如果你仔细看，每根羽毛的图案都不一样。
If you look closely, the pattern of every feather is different.
Conditional '如果你...就'.
作为公众人物，他必须爱惜自己的羽毛。
As a public figure, he must cherish his reputation.
Metaphorical use of '爱惜羽毛'.
他的言论像羽毛一样飘忽不定，让人难以捉摸。
His words are as elusive as a drifting feather, making it hard to pin him down.
Metaphorical comparison for instability.
这家公司非常看重员工是否爱惜自己的羽毛。
This company places great importance on whether employees cherish their professional integrity.
Abstract usage in a corporate context.
这只鹰的羽翼已经丰满，是时候独自翱翔了。
This eagle's wings are full; it is time for it to soar alone.
Using '羽翼丰满' as a metaphor for independence.
虽然他很有名，但他依然非常爱惜羽毛，从不参与丑闻。
Although he is famous, he still cherishes his reputation and never gets involved in scandals.
Using '虽然...但' with the metaphorical idiom.
这件艺术品是用数千根羽毛拼接而成的。
This artwork is made by piecing together thousands of feathers.
Using '拼接而成' (pieced together).
羽毛的结构非常精巧，能够支撑鸟类飞行。
The structure of feathers is very delicate and can support bird flight.
Technical description using '精巧' and '支撑'.
他收集的羽毛标本涵盖了世界上大部分珍稀鸟类。
His collection of feather specimens covers most of the world's rare birds.
Noun phrase '羽毛标本' (feather specimen).
在学术界，爱惜羽毛意味着坚守科研诚信。
In academia, cherishing one's feathers means adhering to research integrity.
Defining an abstract concept using the idiom.
那根飘落的羽毛仿佛是命运的隐喻，轻盈却无法掌控。
That drifting feather seems like a metaphor for fate—light, yet uncontrollable.
Literary and philosophical language.
他的政治羽翼日益丰满，已经足以挑战现任领导人。
His political influence is growing daily, and it is now sufficient to challenge the incumbent leader.
Metaphorical use of '羽翼' in a political context.
凤毛麟角这个成语常用来形容极其罕见的人才。
The idiom 'feng mao lin jiao' is often used to describe extremely rare talents.
Discussing an idiom that contains the character '毛' (referring to feathers).
他笔下的文字细腻得如羽毛拂面，令人陶醉。
The words from his pen are as delicate as a feather brushing the face, making one enchanted.
Sensory metaphor in literary criticism.
博物馆里展出的那件羽衣，展现了古代精湛的工艺。
The feather garment displayed in the museum showcases exquisite ancient craftsmanship.
Historical reference to '羽衣' (feather garment).
他在处理这桩丑闻时，表现出了极度爱惜羽毛的态度。
In handling this scandal, he showed an attitude of extreme concern for his reputation.
Using '爱惜羽毛' as an attributive phrase.
这些羽毛不仅是飞行的工具，更是求偶时的重要筹码。
These feathers are not only tools for flight but also important assets during courtship.
Using '不仅...更是' for emphasis.
他虽身处名利场，却始终保持着爱惜羽毛的清高。
Though in the world of fame and wealth, he always maintained a lofty concern for his reputation.
Using '清高' (lofty/untainted) with the idiom.
这篇散文通过对一片羽毛的描写，勾勒出了生命的脆弱与坚韧。
Through the description of a single feather, this essay outlines the fragility and resilience of life.
Advanced literary analysis structure.
在错综复杂的权力斗争中，他小心翼翼地修剪着自己的羽翼。
In the intricate power struggle, he cautiously groomed his influence.
Sophisticated metaphor combining '修剪' (pruning) and '羽翼'.
古人常以羽毛比喻文人的风骨与不羁。
The ancients often used feathers as a metaphor for the character and unbridled spirit of scholars.
Historical and cultural commentary.
那件羽扇纶巾的装束，瞬间让人联想到了诸葛亮的睿智。
That attire of a feather fan and silk scarf immediately evokes the wisdom of Zhuge Liang.
Reference to the classic phrase '羽扇纶巾'.
他那爱惜羽毛的性格，使他在面对诱惑时总能保持理智。
His reputation-conscious nature allows him to always remain rational in the face of temptation.
Using the idiom as a personality trait.
羽毛的演化史是生物学界一个极具争议的研究课题。
The evolutionary history of feathers is a highly controversial research topic in biology.
Academic and scientific register.
其文辞如锦缎之华美，又如羽毛之轻灵，实属罕见。
His writing is as magnificent as brocade and as nimble as feathers; it is truly rare.
Classical Chinese style '...之... ...之...' comparison.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The sport of badminton. Literally 'feather ball'.
我们去打羽毛球吧。
— A down jacket. '羽绒' refers to the soft down feathers.
冬天要穿羽绒服。
— A fan made of feathers, often traditional or decorative.
诸葛亮拿着一把羽毛扇。
— A quill pen made from a feather.
古代欧洲人使用羽毛笔。
— Ornaments or accessories made of feathers.
她戴着一个羽毛饰品。
— A feather specimen used for scientific study.
实验室里有很多羽毛标本。
— An art form where feathers are used to create pictures.
这是一幅精美的羽毛画。
— Feathering (a haircutting technique).
我想剪一个羽毛剪的发型。
— Feather yarn (a type of textured yarn).
这件毛衣是用羽毛纱织的。
— A feather cushion or pad.
Summary
羽毛 is a versatile A1-level word that expands from basic animal description to sports (badminton) and sophisticated ethical metaphors (reputation). Remember to use '根' for single feathers and never use it for human hair. Example: '这根羽毛很轻' (This feather is very light).
- 羽毛 (yǔmáo) means 'feather' and is used to describe birds or materials like down.
- The measure word for a single feather is '根' (gēn).
- It is the root of the word '羽毛球' (badminton).
- Metaphorically, it refers to a person's reputation, especially in the phrase '爱惜羽毛'.
مثال
这只鸟的羽毛很漂亮。
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر animals
蚂蚁
A1مورچه (حشره اجتماعی). مورچهها به دلیل کار سخت و سازماندهی در کلونیهایشان معروف هستند.
攻击
A1حمله کردن، یورش بردن. دشمن شهر را <strong>حمله</strong> میکند. (Došman šahr rā hamle mikonad.) سخنان او به من <strong>حمله</strong> کرد. (Soḵanān-e u be man hamle kard.)
野兽
B1وحشی؛ یک حیوان وحشی، به ویژه یک حیوان بزرگ یا خطرناک.
蜜蜂
A1زنبور عسل حشرهای پرنده است که عسل تولید میکند.
鸟窝
A1لانه پرنده. سازهای که پرنده برای تخمگذاری میسازد.
咬伤
A1زخم ناشی از گاز گرفتگی؛ مجروح شدن بر اثر گاز گرفتن.
骨头
A1استخوان؛ بخشهای سخت بدن.
虫子
A1حشره یا کرم. این کلمه رایج برای هر موجود کوچک خزنده یا پرنده است.
蝴蝶
A1واژه چینی برای پروانه 蝴蝶 (húdié) است.
笼子
A2قفس؛ سازه ای از سیم یا میله که حیوانات در آن نگهداری می شوند. 'پرنده در قفس است' (پرنده در قفس است).
