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A2 adjective #3,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

孤单

Q: How do I use it in a 'because' sentence?

'因为没有人陪我，所以我很孤单。'

gūdān رتبه 3,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 孤单 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 孤单 in your Level:

At the A1 level, learners should understand '孤单' as a simple emotional state meaning 'lonely.' It is often used in very basic Subject + Adverb + Adjective patterns. For example, '我很孤单' (I am very lonely). At this stage, the focus is on recognizing the word in simple sentences about feelings and being able to express a basic lack of company. Learners should distinguish it from '一个人' (one person/alone) which is a number + measure word + noun combination. The goal is to use '孤单' to answer the question 'How do you feel?' when you are by yourself and feeling a bit sad.

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At the A2 level, learners can use '孤单' to describe situations and reasons. They start to use verbs like '觉得' (to feel) or '感到' (to feel) to introduce the emotion. Phrases like '我觉得很孤单' (I feel very lonely) become common. Learners also begin to understand the context of moving to a new place or being away from family. They can use '孤单' to describe others, such as '那个老人很孤单' (That old person is very lonely). The distinction between physical state (alone) and emotional state (lonely) starts to become clearer through practice in various social scenarios.

At the B1 level, learners should be able to use '孤单' in more complex sentence structures, including '虽然...但是...' (Although... but...) or '因为...所以...' (Because... therefore...). They can describe the feeling of being 'lonely in a crowd'—'虽然人很多，但我还是觉得孤单.' At this level, students also encounter '孤单' in popular culture, such as song lyrics and simple literature. They should be able to discuss the pros and cons of living alone and how to deal with feelings of loneliness. The use of '孤单' as an attributive (e.g., '一个孤单的人') is also mastered here.

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At the B2 level, the nuance between '孤单' (lonely), '孤独' (solitude/deeply lonely), and '寂寞' (lonesome/bored) becomes a key focus. Learners should be able to explain these differences in Chinese. They can use '孤单' to talk about social issues, such as the 'empty nest' elderly or the psychological impact of urbanization. Their vocabulary expands to include common collocations like '倍感孤单' (to feel doubly lonely) or '消灭孤单' (to eliminate loneliness). They are expected to use the word accurately in both spoken discussions and written essays about human emotions and social structures.

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At the C1 level, learners use '孤单' with a high degree of precision and stylistic flair. They can analyze literary texts where '孤单' is used to develop themes of alienation or existentialism. They understand the historical and cultural weight of the character '孤' (orphan). Learners can use '孤单' in sophisticated rhetorical devices and are familiar with idioms related to loneliness, such as '形单影只' or '孤掌难鸣.' They can engage in deep conversations about the philosophy of being alone versus being lonely, using '孤单' to describe the more superficial, social aspect of the feeling.

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At the C2 level, '孤单' is just one tool in a vast repertoire of emotional descriptors. The learner understands every subtle connotation, including its use in classical-style modern prose. They can debate the sociological causes of modern loneliness in China, referencing specific demographic trends. They can distinguish between the '孤单' of a child and the '孤单' of a political leader (the 'loneliness at the top'). At this level, the learner's use of '孤单' is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, incorporating it naturally into complex, nuanced, and culturally-rich discourse.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

孤单 در ۳۰ ثانیه

孤单 (gūdān) is a basic Chinese adjective meaning 'lonely.' It describes the emotional distress of being alone.
It is commonly used with adverbs like '很' (very) or verbs like '觉得' (feel).
Unlike '一个人' (alone), '孤单' focuses on the feeling, not just the physical count of people.
It is a high-frequency word in Chinese songs, movies, and daily conversations about family.

The term 孤单 (gūdān) is a quintessential adjective in the Chinese language used to describe the emotional state of being lonely or the physical state of being alone and unaccompanied. At its core, it captures a sense of isolation that is often tinged with a degree of sadness or a longing for companionship. Unlike some other words for 'alone' which might carry a neutral or even positive connotation of solitude, 孤单 almost always leans towards the negative spectrum of human emotion, highlighting the lack of support or social connection.

Etymological Roots: The character 孤 (gū) historically referred to an orphan—a child without a father. Over time, it evolved to represent anything solitary or orphaned from its group. The character 单 (dān) means single, simple, or a unit. Combined, they create a powerful image of a single person standing apart, like an orphan without a family structure, emphasizing a profound lack of company.
Emotional Nuance: When a Chinese speaker says they feel 孤单, they are not just saying they are by themselves; they are expressing a psychological need for others. It is the feeling of being 'lonely in a crowd' or the specific ache of returning to an empty house. It is frequently used in literature and pop music to evoke sympathy or to describe the plight of characters who are misunderstood or isolated from society.

在这个大城市里，我感到非常孤单。(In this big city, I feel very lonely.)

A common expression for migrants or students living away from home.

In contemporary society, 孤单 is often discussed in the context of the 'Empty Nest' youth (空巢青年) or the elderly who live alone. It is a word that bridges the gap between a physical state and a mental state. While you can be 'alone' (一个人) without being 'lonely' (孤单), the word 孤单 specifically targets the heart's reaction to that state. It is a subjective experience; one person might find a quiet night at home peaceful, while another finds it incredibly 孤单.

他没有朋友，生活得很孤单。(He has no friends and lives a very lonely life.)

Grammatically, 孤单 functions primarily as an adjective. It can follow degree adverbs like '很' (hěn - very), '非常' (fēicháng - extremely), or '有点儿' (yǒudiǎnr - a bit). It can also modify nouns, though this is slightly less common than its use as a predicate. For instance, '孤单的身影' (gūdān de shēnyǐng) means 'a lonely silhouette.' Understanding 孤单 requires recognizing that it is an appeal for connection, a description of a void that needs to be filled by the presence of others.

Using 孤单 (gūdān) correctly involves understanding its placement as a predicative adjective and its relationship with other emotional markers. Because it describes a subjective feeling, it is most frequently paired with verbs of perception like 觉得 (juéde - to feel) or 感到 (gǎndào - to feel/sense).

Structure 1: Subject + (Adverb) + 孤单: This is the simplest way to use the word. You are stating a state of being.
Example: 我不孤单。 (I am not lonely.)
Structure 2: Subject + 感到/觉得 + 孤单: This emphasizes the internal emotion.
Example: 他一个人在家时感到很孤单。 (He feels very lonely when he is home alone.)

如果你觉得孤单，就给我打电话。(If you feel lonely, just give me a call.)

It is important to note that 孤单 is often used to describe a temporary state or a reaction to a specific situation. For example, moving to a new school, the departure of a loved one, or even a rainy day can trigger a sense of 孤单. It can also be used as an attributive to describe a noun, usually to add a poetic or descriptive layer to a scene.

路灯下有一个孤单的小狗。(There is a lonely puppy under the streetlight.)

When constructing more complex sentences, 孤单 can be part of a 'cause and effect' structure. For instance, '因为...所以...' (Because... therefore...). This helps explain the source of the loneliness, which is a common topic in conversational Chinese when discussing one's life or mental health.

虽然他很有钱，但他依然觉得很孤单。(Even though he is very rich, he still feels very lonely.)

Finally, 孤单 can be used in rhetorical questions or as part of a comparison. '你难道不孤单吗？' (Don't you feel lonely?) is a way to probe someone's feelings. Understanding these patterns allows a learner to express a wide range of human experience, moving beyond simple facts into the realm of shared emotion.

The word 孤单 (gūdān) is ubiquitous in Chinese-speaking environments, ranging from the lyrics of Mandopop songs to the dialogue of modern TV dramas. It is a 'high-frequency' word because it touches upon a universal human condition that is particularly poignant in the fast-paced, urbanized life of modern China.

In Music and Poetry: If you walk into a KTV (karaoke) bar in Shanghai or Beijing, you will hear 孤单 in every third song. It is the bread and butter of ballads. Famous songs like '孤单北半球' (Lonely Northern Hemisphere) or '一辈子的孤单' (A Lifetime of Loneliness) have made the word an anthem for the young and lovelorn. In these contexts, it signifies a romantic longing or the melancholic beauty of being a 'lone wolf.'
In Social Media and Blogs: On platforms like Weibo or Xiaohongshu, users often post about their daily lives. You'll see phrases like '孤单的晚餐' (a lonely dinner) accompanied by a photo of a single bowl of noodles. It's a way for people to seek 'virtual' companionship by sharing their solitary moments with the internet community.

我习惯了孤单，并不觉得难过。(I've gotten used to being lonely; I don't feel sad about it.)

In daily conversation, you'll hear it when people talk about their family dynamics. For example, a parent might worry about an only child (独生子女) being 孤单 because they have no siblings to play with. Conversely, young people living in 'first-tier' cities like Shenzhen might complain to their parents about feeling 孤单 despite being surrounded by millions of people. It's a word used to bridge the gap between physical proximity and emotional distance.

孩子长大了，老人觉得家里很孤单。(The children have grown up, and the elderly feel the house is very lonely.)

Furthermore, in the workplace, someone might describe a project they are working on alone as a 孤单 task, implying they lack support or collaborators. While less common than the emotional usage, it still conveys that sense of 'oneness' that feels insufficient. Whether in a heartfelt confession or a casual complaint about living alone, 孤单 is the go-to word for expressing the lack of 'the other.'

For English speakers learning Chinese, the most common mistake with 孤单 (gūdān) is confusing it with other words that mean 'alone' or 'solitary.' In English, 'lonely' and 'alone' are distinct, but learners often try to use 孤单 to describe the simple physical state of being by oneself without the emotional weight.

Mistake 1: 孤单 vs. 一个人 (yīgerén): If you want to say 'I am eating alone,' you should say '我一个人吃饭' (Wǒ yīgerén chīfàn). If you say '我孤单地吃饭,' it implies you are eating and feeling sad/lonely about it. Use '一个人' for the physical fact and '孤单' for the emotional feeling.
Mistake 2: 孤单 vs. 孤独 (gūdú): This is a subtle one. 孤独 is more profound and can sometimes be positive (like 'solitude'). It suggests a philosophical or deep-seated isolation. 孤单 is more about the immediate feeling of lacking company. You might feel 孤单 on a Friday night, but a philosopher feels 孤独 in their thoughts.

我孤单去商店。
我一个人去商店。(I am going to the store alone.)

Don't use '孤单' as a simple replacement for 'alone' in an action.

Another mistake involves the '是...的' construction. While you can say '他是孤单的,' it sounds more like a literary description of his character. In normal speech, use '他很孤单.' English speakers tend to over-rely on the verb 'to be' (是) when translating directly from English 'He is lonely.'

虽然他身边有很多人，但他心里很孤单。(Even though there are many people around him, he is lonely in his heart.)

Lastly, be careful with the word 寂寞 (jìmò). While very similar to 孤单, 寂寞 often carries a stronger sense of boredom or a lack of excitement, whereas 孤单 is purely about the lack of companionship. If you are bored because no one is around, you are 寂寞. If you are sad because you have no one to share your life with, you are 孤单.

To truly master the concept of loneliness in Chinese, it is helpful to look at the 'family' of words that describe solitude and isolation. Each has a specific flavor and register.

孤独 (gūdú) - Solitude / Profound Loneliness: This word is more formal and literary. It can describe a 'noble' loneliness or a deep, existential state. Someone might choose 孤独 to focus on their inner world, but no one really chooses to be 孤单.
寂寞 (jìmò) - Lonesome / Bored and Alone: This word emphasizes the quietness and the 'emptiness' of time. It is often used in romantic contexts where someone is 'missing' a partner. It has a stronger 'mood' than 孤单.
落寞 (luòmò) - Desolate / Forlorn: A more advanced word used to describe a feeling of being left behind or ignored. It’s the feeling of a once-famous person who now has no visitors.

比起孤单，他更享受享受孤独。(He enjoys solitude more than he feels lonely.)

For more casual settings, you might use '单身' (dānshēn) to specify being single (unmarried/no partner). While being 单身 can lead to feeling 孤单, they are not the same. Another alternative is '冷清' (lěngqīng), which describes a place that is 'cold and quiet' due to a lack of people. If a party is 冷清, the guests might feel 孤单.

In summary, while 孤单 is the most versatile and common word for 'lonely,' choosing the right alternative can significantly elevate your Chinese. For instance, using '形单影只' (xíng dān yǐng zhī - a single body and a single shadow) is a beautiful idiom to replace 孤单 in a written essay to describe someone who is extremely lonely and without any help.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 孤 (gū) was used by ancient Chinese emperors to refer to themselves (as 'The Lonely One') to emphasize their unique and supreme status, though today it mostly describes a sad lack of company.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK ɡuː dæn

US ɡu dæn

In Chinese, both syllables are equally stressed as they are both first-tone syllables.

هم‌قافیه با

山 (shān) 天 (tiān) 烟 (yān) 边 (biān) 间 (jiān) 先 (xiān) 千 (qiān) 连 (lián)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'dān' as 'dàn' (4th tone), which changes the meaning.
Pronouncing 'gū' as 'gǔ' (3rd tone).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The characters are common but 孤 can be tricky to write initially.

نوشتن 3/5

孤 and 单 have several strokes and require balance.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Easy to pronounce with the first tone.

گوش دادن 1/5

Distinct sound, rarely confused with other high-frequency words.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

人 (person) 觉得 (feel) 不 (not) 很 (very) 朋友 (friend)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

孤独 (solitude) 寂寞 (lonesome) 陪伴 (accompany) 社交 (socialize) 感情 (emotion)

پیشرفته

凄凉 (desolate) 形单影只 (lonely idiom) 空虚 (hollow/empty)

گرامر لازم

Adjectives as Predicates

他[很]孤单。 (He is [very] lonely.)

The 'De' Construction for Attributives

[孤单的]孩子。 ([Lonely] child.)

Negative with '不'

我[不]孤单。 (I am [not] lonely.)

Using '有点儿' for negative traits

我[有点儿]孤单。 (I am [a bit] lonely.)

Resultative with '感到'

这让他[感到]孤单。 (This makes him [feel] lonely.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

我很孤单。

I am very lonely.

Subject + Adverb (很) + Adjective (孤单).

你不孤单吗？

Aren't you lonely?

Question formed with 吗 at the end.

他没有朋友，很孤单。

He has no friends, so he is very lonely.

The second clause provides the result of the first.

我有猫，我不孤单。

I have a cat, I am not lonely.

Negative form using 不.

这里只有我一个人，我很孤单。

There is only me here, I am very lonely.

一个人 describes the physical state, 孤单 the feeling.

妈妈，我孤单。

Mom, I'm lonely.

Simple emotional expression.

北京很大，但我很孤单。

Beijing is big, but I am very lonely.

Use of 但 (but) to show contrast.

我们不孤单。

We are not lonely.

Plural subject with negative adjective.

一个人在家的时候，我觉得很孤单。

When I am home alone, I feel very lonely.

...的时候 indicates the time when the feeling occurs.

他感到有点儿孤单。

He feels a little bit lonely.

有点儿 is used before adjectives to mean 'a bit' (usually for something negative).

新同学觉得很孤单。

The new student feels very lonely.

Subject + 觉得 + Adjective.

虽然他有很多钱，但他还是很孤单。

Although he has a lot of money, he is still very lonely.

虽然...但是... (Although... but...).

你为什么觉得孤单？

Why do you feel lonely?

为什么 asks for a reason.

我想家，所以我觉得孤单。

I am homesick, so I feel lonely.

所以 introduces the result.

在这个城市，我没有亲人，感到很孤单。

In this city, I have no relatives, so I feel very lonely.

亲人 means family/relatives.

要是你孤单，就给我写信。

If you are lonely, just write me a letter.

要是...就... (If... then...).

他是一个孤单的孩子。

He is a lonely child.

Use of 孤单 as an attributive modifying '孩子'.

即使在人群中，她依然感到孤单。

Even in a crowd, she still feels lonely.

即使...依然... (Even... still...).

这种孤单的感觉很难受。

This feeling of loneliness is very uncomfortable.

孤单的感觉 = feeling of loneliness.

为了不孤单，他养了一只狗。

In order not to be lonely, he got a dog.

为了 (in order to) shows purpose.

你不会永远孤单的。

You won't be lonely forever.

永远 (forever) + 的 (used for emphasis).

他的话让我感到不再孤单。

His words made me feel no longer lonely.

让 (let/make) + Object + Verb phrase.

孤单的生活让他变得很安静。

A lonely life has made him very quiet.

孤单的生活 is the subject.

每当过节的时候，他倍感孤单。

Whenever it's a holiday, he feels doubly lonely.

倍感 means 'to feel even more' or 'doubly feel'.

长期独自生活往往会让人感到孤单。

Living alone for a long time often makes people feel lonely.

往往 (often/frequently) describes a general tendency.

他试图通过工作来摆脱孤单。

He tried to escape loneliness through work.

通过...来... (Through... to...).

那是一首描写孤单心境的诗。

That is a poem describing a lonely state of mind.

心境 (state of mind).

孤单并不可怕，可怕的是迷失自我。

Loneliness is not scary; what's scary is losing oneself.

并 (actually) + negative (不) for emphasis.

在这个物欲横流的时代，灵魂往往是孤单的。

In this materialistic era, souls are often lonely.

Formal/Literary register.

她无法忍受那种深入骨髓的孤单。

She couldn't bear that bone-deep loneliness.

深入骨髓 (deep into the bone marrow) is a vivid metaphor.

这种孤单感是现代人的通病。

This sense of loneliness is a common ailment of modern people.

通病 means a common failing or disease.

他的一生都在与孤单作斗争。

He spent his whole life fighting against loneliness.

与...作斗争 (to fight against...).

他笔下的人物大多带有一种宿命般的孤单。

The characters in his writing mostly carry a sort of fatalistic loneliness.

宿命般 (fatalistic/fate-like).

这种孤单并非源于离群索居，而是源于精神的荒芜。

This loneliness does not stem from living in isolation, but from spiritual desolation.

并非...而是... (Is not... but rather...).

在权力的巅峰，他体会到了前所未有的孤单。

At the peak of power, he experienced an unprecedented loneliness.

前所未有 (unprecedented).

孤单是成长的必经之路，我们终将学会与之共处。

Loneliness is a necessary path for growth; we will eventually learn to coexist with it.

必经之路 (a road one must pass).

他以一种近乎偏执的方式守护着自己的孤单。

He guarded his loneliness in an almost paranoid way.

近乎 (close to/bordering on).

这种孤单感在深夜的静谧中被无限放大。

This sense of loneliness is infinitely magnified in the silence of the night.

被 (passive marker) + 放大 (magnified).

他那孤单的身影在夕阳下显得格外苍凉。

His lonely silhouette looked exceptionally desolate in the sunset.

格外 (exceptionally/especially).

艺术家往往需要通过孤单来汲取创作的灵感。

Artists often need loneliness to draw inspiration for their creations.

汲取 (to draw/extract).

孤单在此刻已升华为一种审美体验，而非单纯的情感匮乏。

At this moment, loneliness has sublimated into an aesthetic experience rather than a simple emotional lack.

升华 (to sublimate/elevate).

他深谙如何利用这份孤单来构筑自己独特的精神堡垒。

He knew well how to use this loneliness to construct his unique spiritual fortress.

深谙 (to be well-versed in/know deeply).

这种孤单是人类存在论意义上的本质属性。

This loneliness is an essential attribute of human existence in an ontological sense.

存在论 (ontology).

在宏大的历史叙事中，个人的孤单往往被轻易抹去。

In grand historical narratives, individual loneliness is often easily erased.

抹去 (to erase/wipe out).

他以此文祭奠那些在漫长岁月中默默忍受孤单的灵魂。

With this article, he pays tribute to those souls who silently endured loneliness through the long years.

祭奠 (to hold a memorial for).

孤单与自由往往是同一枚硬币的两面。

Loneliness and freedom are often two sides of the same coin.

Metaphorical usage.

他那种超脱世俗的孤单，令旁人难以企及。

His loneliness, which transcended the mundane world, was unattainable to others.

难以企及 (difficult to reach/attain).

当所有的繁华褪去，剩下的唯有那份永恒的孤单。

When all the prosperity fades away, all that remains is that eternal loneliness.

褪去 (to fade/peel away).

ترکیب‌های رایج

感到孤单

觉得孤单

孤单的身影

不再孤单

倍感孤单

消灭孤单

忍受孤单

克服孤单

孤单一人

享受孤单

عبارات رایج

孤单北半球

— A famous song title; refers to feeling lonely while being in the northern hemisphere away from a lover.

他在唱《孤单北半球》。

孤单寂寞冷

— A popular internet slang phrase used to describe being lonely, lonesome, and cold.

双十一快到了，我真是孤单寂寞冷。

不孤单

— Not lonely; often used in encouraging contexts.

你并不孤单，我们都在。

走过孤单

— To get through a period of loneliness.

他终于走过了那段孤单的日子。

孤单生活

— A lonely life.

他不想要这种孤单生活。

孤单的心

— A lonely heart.

谁能安慰这颗孤单的心？

注定孤单

— Destined to be lonely.

他觉得自己注定孤单。

害怕孤单

— Afraid of being lonely.

很多孩子都害怕孤单。

摆脱孤单

— To escape or get rid of loneliness.

他想通过社交来摆脱孤单。

这种孤单

— This kind of loneliness.

这种孤单是无法形容的。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

孤单 vs 一个人 (yīgerén)

Refers to the physical state of being alone. 'I am alone' vs. 'I am lonely.'

孤单 vs 寂寞 (jìmò)

Emphasizes boredom and the quietness of being alone. 'Lonely and bored.'

孤单 vs 孤独 (gūdú)

A deeper, more philosophical or permanent state of isolation.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"形单影只"

— To be extremely lonely, having only one's shadow for company.

他形单影只地生活在异乡。

Literary

"孤掌难鸣"

— It's hard to clap with one hand; difficult to achieve anything without help.

没有大家的支持，我真是孤掌难鸣。

Formal

"鳏寡孤独"

— Referring to those who have no family (widowers, widows, orphans, childless elderly).

政府应该照顾那些鳏寡孤独的人。

Formal/Legal

"孤芳自赏"

— To appreciate one's own fragrance; to be solitary and self-admiring.

他总是孤芳自赏，不愿与人交往。

Literary

"离群索居"

— To live in isolation, away from the crowd.

他退休后选择了离群索居的生活。

Literary

"孤注一掷"

— To stake everything on a single throw (gambling metaphor); unrelated to 'lonely' but uses the '孤' character.

他决定孤注一掷，把所有钱都投进去。

Common

"孤苦伶仃"

— Solitary and poor; having no one to rely on.

那个孤苦伶仃的小女孩真可怜。

Emotive

"孤陋寡闻"

— To be ignorant and ill-informed (literally 'solitary and hearing little').

由于我孤陋寡闻，竟然不知道这件事。

Humble/Formal

"孤云野鹤"

— Like a lone cloud or a wild crane; describing a person who is aloof and free from worldly cares.

他过着孤云野鹤般的自由生活。

Literary

"孤身一人"

— All by oneself.

他孤身一人来到上海打拼。

Common

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孤单 vs 孤僻 (gūpì)

Both start with '孤'.

'孤僻' is a personality trait (unsociable/eccentric), while '孤单' is a feeling.

他性格孤僻，不喜欢和人说话。

孤单 vs 单独 (dāndú)

Both involve being alone.

'单独' means 'individually' or 'separately' in a task-oriented way.

我想和你单独谈谈。

孤单 vs 唯一 (wéiyī)

Both imply 'one'.

'唯一' means 'the only one' or 'unique.'

这是我唯一的希望。

孤单 vs 孤立 (gūlì)

Both mean isolated.

'孤立' is often passive (being isolated by others) or strategic.

这个国家在国际上被孤立了。

孤单 vs 单调 (dāndiào)

Starts with '单'.

'单调' means monotonous or boring (usually for things/life).

他的生活很单调。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Subject + 很孤单

他很孤单。

Subject + 觉得 + 很孤单

我觉得很孤单。

虽然...但是...孤单

虽然有很多朋友，但他还是觉得孤单。

Verb + 的时候 + 感到孤单

回家的时候我感到孤单。

一种...的孤单感

他心中有一种莫名的孤单感。

并非...而是...孤单

这种孤单并非来自环境，而是来自内心。

升华为...孤单

这种痛苦已经升华为一种神圣的孤单。

Any

不让 Subject 孤单

我要陪着你，不让你孤单。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

孤单感 (gūdāngǎn - sense of loneliness)

孤独者 (gūdúzhě - loner)

فعل‌ها

孤立 (gūlì - to isolate)

صفت‌ها

孤独 (gūdú - solitary)

孤僻 (gūpì - eccentric and unsociable)

孤高 (gūgāo - aloof)

مرتبط

孤儿 (orphan)

单身 (single)

寂寞 (lonesome)

唯一 (only)

单纯 (simple/pure)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very High

اشتباهات رایج

我是孤单。 → 我很孤单。
Chinese adjectives don't need the linking verb 'to be' (是) when used with degree adverbs like '很'.
我孤单吃饭。 → 我一个人吃饭。
'孤单' is an emotion. To describe the physical act of doing something alone, use '一个人'.
这个房间很孤单。 → 这个房间很冷清。
'孤单' is for people/sentient beings. For empty/quiet places, use '冷清'.
他是一个孤单。 → 他很孤单。 / 他是一个孤单的人。
'孤单' is an adjective, not a noun. You can't be 'a lonely.'
我不喜欢这种孤独。 (when meaning simple loneliness) → 我不喜欢这种孤单。
'孤独' is more profound. If you just mean you're sad because you're alone, '孤单' is more natural.

نکات

Don't use 'Shi'

Avoid saying '我是孤单'. In Chinese, adverbs of degree like '很' or '非常' act as the link between the subject and the adjective.

Cultural Nuance

Remember that in China, being alone is often seen as a sad thing. Using '孤单' naturally evokes sympathy from native speakers.

Learn the Pair

Learn '孤单' and '寂寞' together, as they are the two most common ways to describe loneliness.

Tone Mastery

Ensure both syllables are high and flat. If you drop the tone on 'dān', it might sound like 'dan' (list/bill).

Visualizing the Character

The character '孤' contains '子' (child). Thinking of a lonely child helps remember the meaning.

Song Lyrics

Listen to the song '孤单北半球' to hear the word repeated in a clear, emotional context.

Physical vs Emotional

Always ask yourself: Am I describing the *number* of people (一个人) or the *feeling* (孤单)?

Upgrade to Idioms

Once comfortable, use '形单影只' to describe someone who is very lonely to impress your teachers.

Empathy

If a friend says '我很孤单', the best response is '我陪你' (I'll accompany you).

CEFR Level

At A2, don't worry about '孤独' yet. Focus on mastering '孤单' in daily sentences.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

The radical in 孤 (子) means 'child.' Imagine a child (子) standing alone (瓜 - melon radical, but here part of the character) feeling lonely. The second character 单 looks like a person with a single box, emphasizing being a 'single unit.'

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a single tree standing in a vast, empty field during winter. That tree is '孤单'.

شبکه واژگان

孤儿 (orphan) 单身 (single) 寂寞 (lonely) 孤独 (solitude) 冷清 (quiet) 陪伴 (accompany) 热闹 (lively) 朋友 (friend)

چالش

Try to use '孤单' in three different sentences today: one about yourself, one about a movie character, and one about a place.

ریشه کلمه

The word combines 孤 (gū), meaning orphan or solitary, and 单 (dān), meaning single or unit. Both characters date back to ancient oracle bone scripts.

معنای اصلی: Originally used to describe children without fathers or things that were singular and lacked a pair.

Sino-Tibetan

بافت فرهنگی

Be empathetic when someone says they are '孤单'; in Chinese culture, it's often a subtle cry for help or company.

English speakers often distinguish 'lonely' (sad) from 'alone' (neutral). In Chinese, 孤单 is strictly the 'sad' version.

'孤单北半球' (Song by Ouyang Feifei/Lin Yichen) '一辈子的孤单' (Song by Rene Liu) '百年孤独' (One Hundred Years of Solitude - Chinese title of Marquez's novel)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Living Abroad

在国外很孤单 (Lonely abroad)
想家 (Homesick)
没有朋友 (No friends)
感到不适应 (Feeling unadjusted)

Breakups

分手后很孤单 (Lonely after breakup)
一个人生活 (Living alone)
心里空荡荡的 (Heart feels empty)
慢慢习惯 (Slowly getting used to it)

Elderly Care

空巢老人 (Empty nest elderly)
没人照顾 (No one to care for)
需要陪伴 (Need company)
孤单感 (Sense of loneliness)

Office Life

独自加班 (Working late alone)
没有支持 (No support)
孤军奋战 (Fighting a lone battle)
沟通不畅 (Poor communication)

Social Media

发朋友圈 (Post on Moments)
寻求关注 (Seek attention)
孤单的晚餐 (Lonely dinner)
深夜矫情 (Late-night sentimentality)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你一个人住会觉得孤单吗？ (Do you feel lonely living alone?)"

"你觉得什么时候最孤单？ (When do you feel most lonely?)"

"你如何摆脱孤单的感觉？ (How do you get rid of the feeling of loneliness?)"

"你认为孤单和孤独有什么区别？ (What do you think is the difference between being lonely and being in solitude?)"

"在这个城市，你感到过孤单吗？ (Have you ever felt lonely in this city?)"

موضوعات نگارش

写一写你感到最孤单的一次经历。 (Write about a time you felt most lonely.)

你觉得现在的年轻人为什么越来越孤单？ (Why do you think young people today are getting lonelier?)

描述一个孤单的人的一天。 (Describe a day in the life of a lonely person.)

如果没有互联网，我们会更孤单吗？ (Would we be lonelier without the internet?)

孤单能给一个人带来什么好处吗？ (Can loneliness bring any benefits to a person?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally no. You wouldn't say a 'lonely chair' unless you are personifying it in poetry. Use '唯一' or '单个' for objects.

Yes, it almost always implies a sense of sadness or lacking. If you want to say you enjoy being alone, use '享受一个人' or '喜欢安静'.

孤单 is the lack of company. 寂寞 is the lack of company PLUS boredom or a sense of emptiness in time. They are often used together.

'我不孤单' or '我并不孤单' (I am not at all lonely).

It is neutral. It can be used in casual chats and in formal writing, though '孤独' is preferred in academic or high-literary contexts.

Yes, it is a very basic word that children use to express they want to play with others.

It can, but you can be married and still feel 孤单. '单身' is the word for the relationship status.

Common opposites are '热闹' (lively/busy) or '有伴' (having company).

'因为没有人陪我，所以我很孤单。'

Extremely common. It's one of the most used words in Chinese love ballads.

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