学科
学科 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 学科 (xué kē) refers to an academic discipline or a branch of knowledge, primarily used in formal educational and research contexts to categorize fields of study.
- The term is composed of '学' (study) and '科' (division), highlighting its role as a systematic classification of various areas of human learning and inquiry.
- In Chinese universities, it forms the basis for departmental organization, degree requirements, and the allocation of government research funding and institutional prestige.
- Commonly paired with '跨' (cross) to form '跨学科' (interdisciplinary), it is essential for discussing modern research trends that bridge multiple academic fields.
The term 学科 (xué kē) is a foundational noun in the Chinese academic lexicon. At its core, it refers to a branch of knowledge or a systematic field of study, particularly within the context of higher education and scientific research. While in English we might use 'subject' or 'discipline' interchangeably, in Chinese, 学科 carries a more formal, structural weight than the common word for a school subject, 科目 (kē mù). It represents the overarching framework under which specific majors and courses are organized. When you speak about 学科, you are often discussing the systematic classification of human knowledge as recognized by universities and governmental education departments.
- Academic Context
- In Chinese universities, '学科' is used to define the broad categories of study. For instance, 'Medicine' is a primary '学科门类' (discipline category), which then branches into specific '一级学科' (first-level disciplines) like 'Clinical Medicine'.
- Research and Funding
- Governmental bodies often allocate research grants based on the '学科' classification. If a university is strong in a particular '学科', it receives more prestige and financial support, such as being named a '重点学科' (Key Discipline).
- Interdisciplinary Usage
- Modern innovation often occurs at the intersection of different fields, leading to the frequent use of '跨学科' (kuà xué kē), meaning 'interdisciplinary' or 'cross-disciplinary'.
我们需要加强基础学科的建设,为长远发展打下基础。(We need to strengthen the construction of basic disciplines to lay a foundation for long-term development.)
Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at its two characters. 学 (xué) means study, learning, or science. 科 (kē) refers to a branch, a division, or a classification. Historically, 科 was used in the context of the Imperial Examination system (科举 - kē jǔ) to denote the various categories of testing. Thus, 学科 literally translates to 'the classification of learning.' In modern usage, it is the standard term used by the Ministry of Education in China to categorize all academic pursuits into thirteen major categories: Philosophy, Economics, Law, Education, Literature, History, Science, Engineering, Agriculture, Medicine, Management, Art, and Military Science.
这门学科的历史可以追溯到古希腊时期。(The history of this discipline can be traced back to the ancient Greek period.)
跨学科研究已经成为现代科学研究的新趋势。(Interdisciplinary research has become a new trend in modern scientific research.)
大学应该平衡各学科之间的资源分配。(Universities should balance the allocation of resources between various disciplines.)
数学是一门逻辑性极强的学科。(Mathematics is a discipline with extremely strong logic.)
Using 学科 correctly requires understanding its role as a formal classifier. It is most frequently used as a noun to identify a field of study or as part of a compound adjective to describe something as 'interdisciplinary' or 'multi-disciplinary'. Because it is an academic term, you will see it paired with verbs like 建设 (jiàn shè - construction/development), 研究 (yán jiū - research), and 划分 (huà fèn - classification). It is rarely used in very informal slang, but it is indispensable for anyone navigating the Chinese education system or academic literature.
- As a Direct Object
- You can 'develop' or 'study' a discipline. For example: '学校正在努力建设新兴学科' (The school is working hard to develop emerging disciplines).
- As a Subject
- A discipline can 'overlap' or 'evolve'. For example: '不同学科之间的界限正在变得模糊' (The boundaries between different disciplines are becoming blurred).
- In Compound Phrases
- Common compounds include '学科带头人' (academic leader/head of a discipline) and '学科评估' (discipline evaluation).
在这个学科领域,他被公认为是权威。(In this academic field, he is recognized as an authority.)
When constructing sentences, pay attention to the measure word. The most common measure word for 学科 is 门 (mén), which is also used for courses and languages. For example, '一门学科' (a discipline). Less commonly, 个 (gè) can be used in informal speech, but 门 is preferred in writing. Another key usage pattern involves the prefix 跨- (kuà). When you add 跨 to 学科, it creates the adjective 跨学科, meaning 'cross-disciplinary'. This is used to describe projects, teams, or research that involve multiple fields of study, such as '跨学科研究中心' (Interdisciplinary Research Center).
教育学是一门涉及心理学和社会学的交叉学科。(Education is an interdisciplinary field involving psychology and sociology.)
Furthermore, in the context of the Chinese 'Gaokao' (National College Entrance Exam), students often refer to '文科学科' (liberal arts subjects) and '理科学科' (science subjects). Although '文科' and '理科' are often used on their own, adding '学科' makes the reference more formal and specific to the academic nature of the topics. In university administration, you will hear about '学科建设经费' (discipline construction funds), which refers to the money allocated to improve the standing and research capabilities of a specific department or field.
为了提高学校的竞争力,我们必须重点发展优势学科。(To improve the university's competitiveness, we must focus on developing advantageous disciplines.)
You are most likely to encounter 学科 in environments related to education, science, and professional development. It is a staple of university life, from the orientation speeches given by deans to the official documents on a university's website. If you are watching the news in China, particularly segments focusing on innovation, technology, or educational reform, the word 学科 will appear frequently as experts discuss how China is trying to lead in 'emerging disciplines' like Artificial Intelligence or Quantum Information Science.
- On Campus
- Professors often talk about '学科前沿' (the frontier of the discipline), referring to the latest research and developments that students should be aware of.
- In Official News (CCTV)
- Reports on the 'Double First-Class' initiative (双一流) will constantly mention '一流学科建设' (First-class discipline construction).
- In Academic Journals
- The introduction of a paper might state, '本研究属于社会学学科范畴' (This research falls within the scope of the sociology discipline).
他在这个学科里辛勤耕耘了三十年。(He has worked diligently in this discipline for thirty years.)
Beyond the university, 学科 is used in professional contexts where specialized knowledge is required. For example, in a large hospital, doctors might discuss '临床学科' (clinical disciplines). In a large tech company, engineers might talk about '交叉学科人才' (interdisciplinary talents), referring to employees who have expertise in both software engineering and another field like biology or finance. In these contexts, the word emphasizes the systematic and professional nature of the knowledge involved.
In recent years, with the rise of online education and MOOCs, you might also hear instructors describe their courses as '跨学科课程' (cross-disciplinary courses). This reflects a shift in modern education away from silos and towards integrated learning. Even in high schools, as curriculum reforms take place, teachers and administrators discuss '学科核心素养' (core disciplinary competencies), which are the essential skills and values students should gain from studying a specific subject like History or Physics.
我们必须打破学科壁垒,促进知识的融合。(We must break down disciplinary barriers and promote the fusion of knowledge.)
For English speakers, the most common mistake is using 学科 when you actually mean 'major' (专业 - zhuān yè) or 'course' (课程 - kè chéng). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. A 'discipline' (学科) is the broad field of knowledge, while a 'major' (专业) is the specific program of study a student follows to get a degree. For example, 'Medicine' is the 学科, but 'Pediatrics' might be the student's 专业.
- Confusing with 'Science'
- Because both contain the character '学', learners sometimes confuse '学科' (discipline) with '科学' (science). '科学' refers to the scientific method or the natural sciences specifically, whereas '学科' includes humanities, arts, and social sciences as well.
- Overusing in Informal Speech
- If you are asking a friend what they are studying today, '你今天有什么学科?' sounds very stiff. It's better to say '你今天有什么课?'
Incorrect: 我的学科是经济学。(Meaning: My discipline is Economics - technically okay but '专业' is more natural for a student.)
Another error involves the measure word. English speakers might use '个' for everything. While '一个小学科' (a small discipline) might be understood, using '门' (mén) is the mark of a more advanced speaker. For example, '一门传统的学科' (a traditional discipline). Furthermore, learners sometimes forget that 学科 is a noun and try to use it as a verb. You cannot '学科' a topic; you must use a verb like '学习' (to study) or '从事...学科的研究' (to engage in research in the discipline of...).
Finally, be careful with the word 'interdisciplinary'. Some students say '多学科' (multi-disciplinary) when they mean '跨学科' (interdisciplinary). While '多学科' implies several disciplines existing side-by-side, '跨学科' implies an integration or crossing of boundaries, which is usually what is meant in academic innovation contexts. Using the wrong prefix can subtly change the meaning of your research description.
Correct: 这是一个典型的跨学科项目。(This is a typical interdisciplinary project.)
To truly master the word 学科, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each of these words has a specific 'flavor' and is used in slightly different contexts. The most common alternatives you will encounter are 科目 (kē mù), 专业 (zhuān yè), 领域 (lǐng yù), and 范畴 (fàn chóu).
- 学科 vs. 科目 (kē mù)
- '学科' is the broad academic discipline (e.g., Mathematics). '科目' refers to the specific subjects or items on a curriculum or exam list (e.g., Algebra, Geometry). '科目' is more common in primary and secondary school contexts.
- 学科 vs. 专业 (zhuān yè)
- '学科' is the field of knowledge. '专业' is the university major. A university has many '学科', and each '学科' contains several '专业'. For example, within the '学科' of Engineering, you might have a '专业' in Civil Engineering.
- 学科 vs. 领域 (lǐng yù)
- '领域' means 'field' or 'domain'. It is much broader and less formal than '学科'. You can have a '领域' of interest, a '领域' of business, or a '领域' of expertise. '学科' is strictly academic.
- 学科 vs. 范畴 (fàn chóu)
- '范畴' means 'category' or 'scope' in a philosophical or logical sense. It is used to describe where a concept belongs. For example, '这不属于法律的范畴' (This does not fall within the category of law).
In academic writing, you might also see 门类 (mén lèi), which refers to the highest level of classification (like 'Literature' or 'Science'). When you want to sound more professional, using 学科 instead of 科目 will instantly elevate your speech. For instance, instead of saying '我喜欢这个科目' (I like this subject), saying '我对这个学科很感兴趣' (I am very interested in this discipline) sounds more like a serious student or researcher.
虽然这两个学科有很多相似之处,但它们的研究方法完全不同。(Although these two disciplines have many similarities, their research methods are completely different.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
In the Tang and Song dynasties, '科' was the term for the different categories of the Imperial Civil Service Examinations. Candidates would choose a '科' (like 'Mingjing' for classics or 'Jinshi' for literature) to be tested in. This historical usage is why we still use '科' for academic divisions today.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'x' as a hard English 'x' instead of a soft 'sh/s' sound.
- Failing to rise enough on the second tone of 'xué'.
- Pronouncing 'kē' with a dipping tone instead of a flat high tone.
- Confusing the vowel in 'kē' with 'oo' or 'oh' instead of the schwa-like 'uh'.
- Merging the two syllables into one.
سطح دشواری
The characters are relatively common but the word appears in complex academic texts.
The character '科' and '学' are basic, but using the word accurately in formal contexts requires practice.
Easy to pronounce if you know the tones, but often replaced by '课' in casual speech.
Clear pronunciation, but can be confused with '科学' or '科目' in fast speech.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Measure Word '门' (mén)
他选修了三门学科。
Prefix '跨-' (kuà) for Inter-
跨学科研究非常流行。
Suffix '-化' (-huà) for -ize/-ify
学科建设需要科学化。
Noun + 领域 (lǐng yù) to specify field
在经济学学科领域...
Using '属于' (shǔ yú) for categorization
这门课属于文学学科。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
数学是一门重要的学科。
Math is an important subject.
Simple Subject + Verb + Adjective + Noun structure.
你喜欢什么学科?
What subject do you like?
Question using '什么' (what).
学校有很多学科。
The school has many subjects.
Using '有' (to have) to show existence.
我不喜欢这个学科。
I don't like this subject.
Negative sentence using '不'.
老师教我们不同的学科。
The teacher teaches us different subjects.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object.
这是一个新的学科。
This is a new subject.
Using '的' to connect adjective and noun.
这些学科都很有趣。
These subjects are all very interesting.
Using '都' (all) to emphasize multiple items.
他在学习科学学科。
He is studying science subjects.
Present continuous action '在学习'.
我最喜欢的学科是历史。
My favorite subject is history.
Using '最' (most) to show preference.
这门学科很难学。
This discipline is very hard to learn.
Adjective + '学' (hard to learn).
我们在大学里学习很多学科。
We study many disciplines in university.
Location '在大学里' before the verb.
你想研究哪门学科?
Which discipline do you want to research?
Using '哪门' (which) with the correct measure word.
每个学科都有自己的规则。
Every discipline has its own rules.
Using '每个...都' (every... all).
他在这个学科很有名。
He is very famous in this discipline.
Using '在...很' to show state in a field.
我们需要选择一门学科。
We need to choose a discipline.
Using '需要' (need) + '选择' (choose).
艺术也是一门重要的学科。
Art is also an important discipline.
Using '也' (also) to add information.
跨学科研究可以带来新的发现。
Interdisciplinary research can bring new discoveries.
Compound noun '跨学科研究' as the subject.
这个学科的就业前景很好。
The job prospects for this discipline are very good.
Noun phrase '就业前景' (job prospects).
他决定从事社会学这一学科的研究。
He decided to engage in research in the discipline of sociology.
Using '从事...研究' (engage in research).
这些学科之间有着紧密的联系。
There are close connections between these disciplines.
Using '有着' for formal possession of abstract qualities.
为了考上好大学,他必须学好基础学科。
To get into a good university, he must learn the basic disciplines well.
Using '为了' (in order to) to show purpose.
这门学科在过去十年里发展迅速。
This discipline has developed rapidly over the past ten years.
Time duration '在过去十年里' + '迅速' (rapidly).
很多学生对新兴学科感兴趣。
Many students are interested in emerging disciplines.
Using '对...感兴趣' (to be interested in).
学校计划增加几门新的学科。
The school plans to add several new disciplines.
Using '计划' (plan) + '增加' (increase/add).
学科建设是提高大学竞争力的关键。
Discipline construction is the key to improving university competitiveness.
Abstract noun phrase as a subject '学科建设'.
教育部门正在对全国的学科进行评估。
The education department is evaluating disciplines across the country.
Using '对...进行' to perform an action on an object.
他的理论在这个学科内引起了广泛讨论。
His theory has sparked widespread discussion within the discipline.
Using '引起' (cause/spark) + '讨论' (discussion).
我们要打破学科壁垒,促进知识创新。
We must break down disciplinary barriers and promote knowledge innovation.
Metaphorical use of '壁垒' (barrier).
该大学的计算机学科在世界上名列前茅。
The university's computer science discipline is among the best in the world.
Idiom '名列前茅' (rank among the best).
跨学科的合作往往能解决复杂的问题。
Interdisciplinary cooperation often solves complex problems.
Adverb '往往' (often/tends to).
我们需要重新划分这些学科的范畴。
We need to re-categorize the scope of these disciplines.
Using '重新' (again/re-) + '划分' (classify).
作为学科带头人,他肩负着巨大的责任。
As the head of the discipline, he shoulders a huge responsibility.
Using '作为' (as) + '肩负' (shoulder/carry).
这种现象很难用单一的学科理论来解释。
This phenomenon is difficult to explain with a single disciplinary theory.
Using '单一的' (single/unitary) to emphasize complexity.
学科的分化是现代科学发展的必然结果。
The differentiation of disciplines is an inevitable result of the development of modern science.
Using '必然结果' (inevitable result).
他致力于推动这一学科的国际化进程。
He is committed to promoting the internationalization process of this discipline.
Using '致力于' (be committed to) + '推动' (promote).
人文科学与自然科学是两个截然不同的学科领域。
Humanities and natural sciences are two starkly different disciplinary fields.
Using '截然不同' (starkly different/poles apart).
该研究项目具有极强的跨学科性质。
This research project has a very strong interdisciplinary nature.
Using '具有...性质' (possess the nature of...).
学科评估体系应当更加多元化和科学化。
The discipline evaluation system should be more diversified and scientific.
Using '-化' to form verbs/adjectives (like -ize/-ify).
在学术研究中,我们必须遵循学科的规范。
In academic research, we must follow the norms of the discipline.
Using '遵循' (follow/adhere to) + '规范' (norm/standard).
该学科的兴起与当时的社会背景密切相关。
The rise of this discipline is closely related to the social background of the time.
Using '与...密切相关' (closely related to).
我们需要在宏观层面探讨学科整合的可能性。
We need to explore the possibility of disciplinary integration at a macro level.
Using '在宏观层面' (at a macro level).
学科的范式转换往往预示着科学革命的到来。
Paradigm shifts in a discipline often herald the arrival of a scientific revolution.
Using '范式转换' (paradigm shift) and '预示' (herald/foreshadow).
该论著深刻剖析了学科建制化的历史逻辑。
This work deeply analyzes the historical logic of disciplinary institutionalization.
Using '深刻剖析' (deeply analyze) and '建制化' (institutionalization).
在后现代语境下,传统的学科界限正受到挑战。
In a postmodern context, traditional disciplinary boundaries are being challenged.
Using '在...语境下' (in the context of...).
学科的异质性为知识的交叉生产提供了土壤。
The heterogeneity of disciplines provides fertile ground for the cross-production of knowledge.
Metaphorical use of '土壤' (soil/fertile ground).
这种跨学科的视野有助于我们理解复杂的社会现象。
This interdisciplinary perspective helps us understand complex social phenomena.
Using '视野' (vision/perspective).
学术共同体对该学科的核心价值达成了共识。
The academic community has reached a consensus on the core values of the discipline.
Using '学术共同体' (academic community) and '达成共识' (reach consensus).
学科话语权在很大程度上影响着知识的传播。
Disciplinary discourse power largely influences the dissemination of knowledge.
Using '话语权' (discourse power) and '在很大程度上' (to a large extent).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— One discipline. Uses the standard measure word for subjects.
物理是一门迷人的学科。
— Traditional disciplines. Refers to long-established fields like philosophy.
传统学科正面临新的挑战。
— Applied disciplines. Fields focused on practical application.
工程学属于应用学科。
— Advantageous disciplines. Fields where an institution is particularly strong.
这所大学有几个优势学科。
— First-level discipline. A broad category in the Chinese academic system.
历史学是一个一级学科。
— Disciplinary system. The overall structure of fields of study.
我们需要完善学科体系。
— Disciplinary boundaries. The lines between different fields.
学科界限正在变得模糊。
— Disciplinary norms. The rules and standards of a field.
研究者应遵守学科规范。
— Disciplinary background. A person's academic history.
他的学科背景非常多元。
— Unpopular/Niche discipline. A field with few students or low interest.
考古学常被认为是一个冷门学科。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Science. Refers to the systematic study of the physical world or the scientific method, while '学科' is a category of study.
Major/Specialty. Refers to a student's specific program of study, while '学科' is the broader discipline.
Course/Curriculum. Refers to a specific set of classes, while '学科' is the field itself.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be learned and versatile. Often used to describe someone who masters many disciplines.
他是一位博学多才的学者。
Formal— Specialization in one's own field. Emphasizes that everyone has their own '学科' expertise.
常言道,术业有专攻。
Formal/Literary— Knowledge is infinite. Often used to encourage lifelong study of any discipline.
在任何学科中,都是学无止境的。
Neutral— To achieve a comprehensive understanding by integrating different disciplines.
他能将各学科的知识融会贯通。
Formal— To develop a unique style or school of thought within a discipline.
他在这个学科中独树一帜。
Formal— To accumulate knowledge deeply and release it slowly; often used for academic success.
在学科研究中,我们需要厚积薄发。
Formal— The founder or originator of a discipline or school of thought.
他是这个学科的开山鼻祖。
Formal— To infer other things from one fact; essential skill in mastering any discipline.
学习学科知识要学会举一反三。
Neutral— To reach the peak of perfection in a particular discipline or skill.
他的研究已经达到了登峰造极的地步。
Formal— To proceed step by step; the standard way to learn a complex discipline.
学习任何学科都要循序渐进。
Neutralبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both translate to 'subject'.
科目 is used for specific items on a list or curriculum (like school subjects), while 学科 is the institutional discipline.
考试科目包括语文和数学。(Exam subjects include...)
Both relate to learning.
学问 refers to general knowledge or scholarship possessed by a person, whereas 学科 is a structural category of knowledge.
他很有学问。(He has a lot of learning/knowledge.)
Both are formal and academic.
学术 is an adjective or noun for 'academic/learning' in general. 学科 is the specific branch/discipline.
学术交流 (academic exchange).
Both relate to university organization.
系 is the physical department (e.g., Department of History), while 学科 is the abstract discipline (e.g., History).
他在数学系工作。(He works in the Math Department.)
Both mean 'field'.
领域 is much broader and can be non-academic (e.g., the field of business), while 学科 is strictly academic.
在这个领域他很有名。(He is famous in this field.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Subject] 是 [Adjective] 的学科。
历史是有趣的学科。
我最喜欢的学科是 [Subject Name]。
我最喜欢的学科是化学。
[Topic] 是一门涉及 [A] 和 [B] 的跨学科领域。
生物信息学是一门涉及生物和计算机的跨学科领域。
为了 [Goal], 我们必须加强 [学科] 建设。
为了提高排名,我们必须加强优势学科建设。
[现象] 很难用单一的学科范畴来界定。
气候变化很难用单一的学科范畴来界定。
该研究填补了 [学科] 领域的空白。
该研究填补了语言学学科领域的空白。
在 [Context] 下,[学科] 的传统界限正在消解。
在全球化背景下,学科的传统界限正在消解。
[A] 与 [B] 的学科交叉为 [Result] 提供了可能。
艺术与科技的学科交叉为创意产业提供了可能。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in educational, academic, and professional news contexts.
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Using '学科' to mean 'science' only.
→
Using '学科' for any discipline (arts, law, etc.).
Learners often think '科' means science, but here it means 'category'. History is a '学科' too.
-
Saying '我的学科是数学' when you are a student.
→
Saying '我的专业是数学' (My major is math).
Students have '专业' (majors); the university has '学科' (disciplines).
-
Using '个' as the measure word.
→
Using '门' (mén).
'门' is the formal and correct measure word for disciplines and subjects.
-
Confusing '学科' with '科学'.
→
Recognizing the difference in character order and meaning.
'科学' is the field of science; '学科' is an academic discipline.
-
Using '学科' as a verb.
→
Using '学习' or '研究' as the verb.
'学科' is strictly a noun. You cannot '学科' a subject.
نکات
Use '门' correctly
Always pair '学科' with '门' (mén) in formal writing. It shows you understand the proper classifier for academic topics.
Learn the 13 Categories
Knowing the 13 Chinese discipline categories (like 文, 理, 工, 农, 医) will help you understand how '学科' is organized.
University vs. School
Use '学科' for university-level discussions and '科目' or '课' for primary/secondary school contexts.
The 'Interdisciplinary' Buzzword
Use '跨学科' (kuà xué kē) frequently in academic or professional applications; it is a highly valued concept in modern China.
Don't confuse with '科学'
Remember: '科学' is Science (the method/field), '学科' is Discipline (the category). You can have a '文学学科' (Literature discipline) but not a '文学科学'.
Formalize your essays
Replace '我喜欢的课' with '我感兴趣的学科' to instantly make your writing sound more sophisticated.
Understand 'Double First-Class'
Recognize that '学科' is a political and economic term in China, tied to national development goals.
The 'xué' tone
Practice the second tone of '学' (xué). It must rise clearly to avoid sounding like 'xuè' (blood) or other words.
Suffixes
Listen for words following '学科' like '建设' or '领域'; these are common collocations that confirm the word's meaning.
The 'Folder' Analogy
Think of '学科' as the folders on a computer that organize all the specific files (courses/majors) of knowledge.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of '学科' as 'Study (学) Classification (科)'. It is how we sort everything we study into different folders.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant library where every wing is a different '学科'—one wing for Math, one for History, one for Art.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to list five different '学科' in Chinese (e.g., 数学, 历史, 物理, 艺术, 经济) and use '学科' in a sentence for each.
ریشه کلمه
The word '学科' is a compound of two ancient Chinese characters. '学' (xué) originally depicted a child in a house being taught by hands, representing the act of learning. '科' (kē) originally referred to the hollow of a tree or a measure of grain, which evolved to mean 'classification' or 'division'.
معنای اصلی: The original combined meaning referred to the classification of learning or the various branches of study.
Sino-Tibetan (Sinitic).بافت فرهنگی
No specific sensitivities; this is a standard academic term.
In the West, 'discipline' often implies a set of practices and a community, while 'subject' is more common in K-12 education. '学科' covers both but leans towards the formal 'discipline'.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
University Admissions
- 申请哪个学科?
- 该学科的排名
- 热门学科
- 冷门学科
Academic Research
- 跨学科研究
- 学科前沿动态
- 学科规范
- 发表在相关学科期刊
Education Reform
- 学科核心素养
- 优化学科结构
- 一流学科建设
- 学科交叉融合
Job Interviews
- 您的学科背景是什么?
- 相关学科的工作经验
- 跨学科的能力
- 深厚的学科功底
Library/Bookstores
- 按学科分类
- 学科参考书
- 该学科的经典著作
- 学科工具书
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你大学时最感兴趣的学科是什么? (What discipline were you most interested in during university?)"
"你认为哪些学科在未来十年最重要? (Which disciplines do you think will be most important in the next ten years?)"
"你的工作涉及哪些跨学科的知识? (What interdisciplinary knowledge does your work involve?)"
"你觉得数学这门学科对日常生活有帮助吗? (Do you think the discipline of mathematics is helpful for daily life?)"
"在你们国家,最热门的学科是什么? (In your country, what is the most popular discipline?)"
موضوعات نگارش
谈谈你对‘跨学科学习’的看法。你认为它比单一学科学习更有优势吗? (Talk about your views on 'interdisciplinary learning'. Do you think it has advantages over single-discipline learning?)
描述一个你曾经觉得很难但现在很喜欢的学科。你是如何克服困难的? (Describe a discipline you once found difficult but now like. How did you overcome the difficulties?)
如果你可以创立一门新的学科,那会是什么?它将研究什么内容? (If you could create a new discipline, what would it be? What would it research?)
讨论一下你所从事的学科在社会发展中的作用。 (Discuss the role of the discipline you are engaged in in social development.)
反思一下你的学科背景如何影响了你观察世界的方式。 (Reflect on how your disciplinary background has influenced the way you observe the world.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالNo. Despite the '科' character (which also appears in '科学' - science), '学科' refers to all academic disciplines, including arts, literature, history, and law. In the Chinese system, there are 13 major categories of '学科'.
Think of '学科' (Discipline) as the broad umbrella and '专业' (Major) as the specific program. For example, 'Engineering' is a '学科', but 'Mechanical Engineering' is a '专业'. A university department manages a '专业' within a broader '学科' framework.
You can, but it sounds very formal. Usually, high school students use '科目' or just '课'. For example, '我今天有五节课' (I have five classes today) is much more natural than using '学科'.
It means 'interdisciplinary'. It describes research or study that combines two or more academic disciplines to solve a problem or explore a topic, such as combining biology and ethics.
The standard measure word is '门' (mén). For example, '一门学科' (a discipline). You should avoid using '个' in formal writing.
Not usually. In business, people prefer '领域' (field) or '行业' (industry). '学科' is almost exclusively used in the context of academic knowledge and formal education.
These are 'basic disciplines' or 'fundamental sciences' like Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry. They are considered the foundation for all other applied sciences and technologies.
The most common way is '跨学科' (kuà xué kē). You can also use '交叉学科' (jiāo chā xué kē) for 'cross-disciplinary' or 'intersecting disciplines'.
Yes, it is a key vocabulary word for the HSK 4 and HSK 5 levels (equivalent to B1/B2 CEFR), as it often appears in reading passages about education and science.
In China, '学科建设' (discipline construction) is a key metric for university funding and prestige. The government uses it to evaluate how well a university is performing in specific fields compared to international standards.
خودت رو بسنج 192 سوال
Write a sentence using '学科' to describe your favorite subject in university.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Explain in Chinese why '跨学科研究' (interdisciplinary research) is important today.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe the difference between '学科' and '专业' in your own words.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a short paragraph about the '学科建设' in a university you know.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Discuss a '冷门学科' (niche discipline) and why people should study it.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Imagine you are a '学科带头人'. Write a brief introduction for your discipline.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence using '学科' and the measure word '门'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
How has your '学科背景' (disciplinary background) helped you in your career?
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a formal request for funding for a '重点学科' project.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Critique the current '学科评估' system in your country.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
List three '基础学科' and explain their relationship.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a dialogue between two students choosing their '学科' paths.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe an '新兴学科' that you find interesting.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Use the phrase '打破学科壁垒' in a sentence about innovation.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about the '学科前沿' of computer science.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Explain the term '一级学科' in simple Chinese.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
What '学科' would you like to study if you had more time? Why?
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence about a '交叉学科' that combines art and science.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Discuss the '学科规范' in the field of medicine.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write an essay title that includes the word '学科'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Describe your favorite '学科' and explain why you like it.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the advantages of '跨学科' (interdisciplinary) projects.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Compare two different '学科' (e.g., Math vs. History) in terms of difficulty.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the concept of '学科建设' to a friend.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Talk about a '冷门学科' you find interesting.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss how '学科壁垒' can hinder innovation.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe the '学科前沿' in a field you are familiar with.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain why '基础学科' are the foundation of science.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Talk about the '学科背景' of a famous scientist or scholar.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the role of '学科评估' in university rankings.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe a '交叉学科' that you think is very promising.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Tell a story about someone who changed their '学科' focus.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the importance of '学科规范' in research.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the '学科门类' in the Chinese education system.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Talk about the '学科特色' of your university or school.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Describe the '学科融合' trend in modern universities.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the difference between '学科' and '专业' to a new learner.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss a '新兴学科' that has emerged in the last 10 years.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Talk about the '学科话语权' in international academia.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Summarize the '学科评估' results of a specific institution.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to the word: 学科 (xué kē). Identify the tones.
Listen to this sentence: '我大学学习的是物理学科。' What did the speaker study?
Listen to: '跨学科研究已经成为一种趋势。' What has become a trend?
Listen to: '学校正在进行学科评估。' What is the school doing?
Listen to: '他是这个学科的带头人。' Who is he?
Listen to: '我们要加强基础学科的建设。' What should be strengthened?
Listen to: '这门学科的界限很模糊。' What is described as blurred?
Listen to: '他选修了两门跨学科课程。' How many courses did he take?
Listen to: '该学科的历史非常悠久。' Is the discipline new or old?
Listen to: '我们要打破学科壁垒。' What action is suggested?
Listen to: '新兴学科充满机遇。' What do emerging disciplines offer?
Listen to: '他的研究属于交叉学科领域。' What field is his research in?
Listen to: '学科规范是必须遵守的。' What must be followed?
Listen to: '该学科在国际上处于领先地位。' What is the discipline's international status?
Listen to: '我们需要跨学科的人才。' What kind of talent is needed?
Find the error: 数学是一个重要的学科。
The correct measure word for '学科' is '门', not '个'.
Find the error: 我正在学科英语。
'学科' is a noun, not a verb. Use '学习' (to study).
Find the error: 这是一个跨科学项目。
The term for interdisciplinary is '跨学科', not '跨科学'.
Find the error: 我的学科是计算机科学。
Students have '专业' (majors); the field itself is the '学科'.
Find the error: 历史是一门科学。
While history can be studied scientifically, it is primarily a '学科' (discipline), not a '科学' (science) in the natural sense.
Find the error: 跨学科的研究非常重要。
While not grammatically wrong, '跨学科研究' is a set compound noun phrase; '的' is usually omitted.
Find the error: 他是学科建设头人。
The correct term for a discipline leader is '学科带头人'.
Find the error: 这个学科领域很广范。
The correct adjective for 'broad' in this context is '广泛' (guǎng fàn).
Find the error: 我们要打破学科墙壁。
The idiomatic term for disciplinary barriers is '学科壁垒' (bì lěi), not '墙壁' (qiáng bì).
Find the error: 这是一门新出的学科。
The formal term for an emerging discipline is '新兴学科'.
/ 192 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
学科 (xué kē) is the formal Chinese word for an academic discipline. While it translates to 'subject,' it is more formal than '科目' and specifically refers to the institutionalized branches of knowledge in higher education, such as Mathematics, Sociology, or Engineering. Example: '跨学科研究' (interdisciplinary research).
- 学科 (xué kē) refers to an academic discipline or a branch of knowledge, primarily used in formal educational and research contexts to categorize fields of study.
- The term is composed of '学' (study) and '科' (division), highlighting its role as a systematic classification of various areas of human learning and inquiry.
- In Chinese universities, it forms the basis for departmental organization, degree requirements, and the allocation of government research funding and institutional prestige.
- Commonly paired with '跨' (cross) to form '跨学科' (interdisciplinary), it is essential for discussing modern research trends that bridge multiple academic fields.
Use '门' correctly
Always pair '学科' with '门' (mén) in formal writing. It shows you understand the proper classifier for academic topics.
Learn the 13 Categories
Knowing the 13 Chinese discipline categories (like 文, 理, 工, 农, 医) will help you understand how '学科' is organized.
University vs. School
Use '学科' for university-level discussions and '科目' or '课' for primary/secondary school contexts.
The 'Interdisciplinary' Buzzword
Use '跨学科' (kuà xué kē) frequently in academic or professional applications; it is a highly valued concept in modern China.
مثال
大学里有许多不同的学科,如历史、数学和物理。
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر education
能力
B1توانایی یا مهارتی که برای انجام کاری لازم است.
缺勤
B1وضعیت غیبت از کار یا مدرسه زمانی که انتظار میرود فرد در آنجا باشد.
摘要
B1خلاصه ای کوتاه از نکات اصلی یک مقاله، سخنرانی یا مقاله دانشگاهی.
学术界
B1دنیای آکادمیک؛ جامعه دانشجویان و محققان درگیر در آموزش عالی و پژوهش.
教学楼
A2ساختمان آموزشی مکانی است که کلاسها در آن برگزار میشود.
学年
A2سال تحصیلی جدید از ماه سپتامبر شروع می شود. (The new academic year starts in September.)
学术
B1مربوط به آموزش و بورس تحصیلی؛ یا کار علمی. او مقالات علمی بسیاری منتشر کرده است.
积累
B1انباشتن تجربه بسیار مهم است.
习得
B1اکتساب زبان یک فرآیند طبیعی است.
录取
B1پذیرش رسمی فرد در مدرسه، دانشگاه یا شغل پس از یک فرآیند رقابتی.