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A2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

受伤者

shou shang zhe
مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 受伤者 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 受伤者 in your Level:
At the A1 level, think of '受伤者' as a 'person who is hurt'. You already know '人' (rén) means person. This word is a special way to say 'hurt person'. It is made of three parts: '受' (shòu - to get), '伤' (shāng - a cut or wound), and '者' (zhě - a formal word for person). You will see this word in basic news stories or when talking about an accident. For example, if you see a car crash and someone is hurt, that person is a '受伤者'. You don't need to use it in every conversation, but you should recognize it when you see it in a book or on TV. It is a noun, so you can say '一个受伤者' (one injured person). Remember, it's for people who are physically hurt, like having a broken leg, not for people who just have a cold.
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At the A2 level, you should start using '受伤者' to describe people in accidents or emergencies. It is more formal than saying '受伤的人' (shòushāng de rén), which is also correct but sounds more like a beginner. '受伤者' is a noun that you will often find in simple news reports or signs. You should learn to use it with measure words like '名' (míng) or '位' (wèi). For example, '那名受伤者在医院' (That injured person is in the hospital). It is important to distinguish this from '病人' (bìngrén - patient). A '受伤者' is hurt because of an event (like a fall), while a '病人' is sick because of a virus or disease. When you write simple stories about safety or health, using '受伤者' makes your Chinese sound more professional and accurate.
At the B1 level, you should understand the formal nuances of '受伤者'. This word is frequently used in passive '被' (bèi) sentences and within broader social contexts. For example, '受伤者被送往医院抢救' (The injured person was rushed to the hospital for emergency treatment). You should also be able to use it in the plural by adding words like '一些' (some) or '多名' (multiple). At this level, you might encounter it in discussions about public safety, insurance, or volunteer work. You should also recognize its shortened form '伤者', which is often used in fast-paced news or formal headlines. Understanding the suffix '者' is key here, as it helps you unlock other words like '作者' (author) or '读者' (reader). You are moving from just identifying the word to using it to describe complex situations accurately.
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At the B2 level, '受伤者' should be a natural part of your formal vocabulary. You should be able to use it in debates about legal responsibility, medical ethics, or social welfare. For instance, '法律应当保护受伤者的合法权益' (The law should protect the legal rights and interests of the injured). You should also be able to differentiate it from '受害者' (victim) with ease, knowing that '受害者' implies a broader scope of suffering, including psychological and financial loss, whereas '受伤者' focuses on physical trauma. You will see this word in more complex texts, such as medical journals or legal case studies. You should also be comfortable using it with various modifiers to describe the severity of the injury, such as '重度受伤者' (severely injured person) or '轻伤者' (lightly injured person).
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At the C1 level, your understanding of '受伤者' includes its rhetorical and stylistic uses. You can analyze how using '受伤者' instead of '受害者' in a news report changes the tone—making it more clinical and less emotionally charged. You should be able to use the term in high-level academic or professional writing, such as analyzing the '受伤者' in the context of industrial accidents or humanitarian crises. You'll recognize the term in classical-leaning formal writing where '者' functions as a sophisticated agent marker. Furthermore, you should understand the socio-political implications of how '受伤者' are categorized in official government reports or international aid documentation. Your usage should reflect a deep sensitivity to the register and the specific context of the discourse.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like command of '受伤者' and its place within the vast landscape of Chinese synonyms for 'victim' or 'patient'. You can use it fluently in philosophical discussions about the human body, suffering, and the state's responsibility toward the 'injured'. You are capable of critiquing the use of the term in literature or media, noting when it is used to dehumanize or, conversely, to highlight individual tragedy. You understand the historical evolution of the suffix '者' from Classical Chinese to its modern usage in '受伤者'. Whether you are writing a legal brief, a medical research paper, or a piece of literary criticism, you can deploy '受伤者' with precision, taking into account its full range of connotations, from the clinical to the deeply empathetic.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

受伤者 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • 受伤者 means 'injured person' and is a formal noun used primarily in news, medical, and legal contexts to describe someone with physical trauma.
  • It is composed of '受伤' (to be injured) and the suffix '者' (person), creating a professional tone compared to casual alternatives.
  • Unlike '受害者' (victim), which implies being wronged or scammed, '受伤者' focuses specifically on the physical wounds and bodily harm sustained.
  • Commonly used with the formal measure word '名' (míng), it is essential for discussing accidents, disasters, and emergency medical situations in Mandarin.

The Chinese term 受伤者 (shòu shāng zhě) is a compound noun that translates directly to 'injured person' or 'casualty'. To understand its full weight, one must look at its components: 受 (shòu) meaning to receive or suffer, 伤 (shāng) meaning a wound or injury, and 者 (zhě), a formal suffix used to denote a person who performs an action or is in a certain state. Together, they create a formal yet descriptive term for someone who has sustained physical harm, typically due to an accident, violence, or natural disaster.

Grammatical Role
It functions strictly as a noun. While '受伤' (to be injured) is a verb-object construction, adding '者' transforms it into a person-centric noun, often used in news reports, medical contexts, and legal documents.

In everyday conversation, while you might simply say '有人受伤了' (Someone is injured), the term 受伤者 is preferred when you are categorizing individuals in a formal report or discussion. For instance, after a traffic collision, a news anchor would refer to the victims as 受伤者 to maintain a professional and objective tone.

医生正在全力抢救这名受伤者。 (The doctor is doing their best to save this injured person.)

The word carries a sense of passivity. The 受伤者 is the recipient of harm, not the cause. This distinction is vital in legal and journalistic settings where identifying the roles of parties involved is crucial. It is less intimate than '伤员' (shāngyuán), which is often used for soldiers or members of a specific group, and broader than '受害者' (shòuhàizhě), which implies a victim of a crime or intentional malice.

Formality Level
Highly formal to Neutral. You will find it in newspapers, police reports, and safety manuals more often than in casual street slang.

所有的受伤者都已被送往最近的医院。 (All the injured have been sent to the nearest hospital.)

When using this word, it is important to remember that it focuses on the physical state. If you want to emphasize the emotional or psychological impact, you might use '受害者' (victim) instead, although 受伤者 can occasionally cover psychological 'wounds' in very specific poetic or psychological contexts, though this is rare in standard A2-B1 level Chinese.

Contextual Usage
Commonly used in compound phrases like '轻微受伤者' (lightly injured person) or '严重受伤者' (seriously injured person).

In summary, 受伤者 is your go-to noun for describing someone who has sustained an injury in a formal or objective manner. It is a building block for more complex descriptions of events and human conditions in Mandarin.

Using 受伤者 (shòu shāng zhě) correctly involves understanding its position as a noun within various sentence structures. Because it refers to people, it is often the subject of a sentence (the one doing something or being in a state) or the object (the one receiving an action). Below, we explore the primary ways this word is integrated into Mandarin grammar.

As a Subject
When the injured person is the focus of the sentence, they occupy the subject position. For example: '受伤者正在等待救助' (The injured person is waiting for help). Here, '受伤者' is the one performing the action of waiting.

受伤者需要立即治疗。 (The injured person needs immediate treatment.)

In this example, the noun phrase is simple. However, in Chinese, we often use classifiers (measure words) to specify quantity. The most common measure word for '受伤者' is '名' (míng), which is a formal classifier for people, or '位' (wèi) for a more respectful tone. For example: '三名受伤者' (Three injured persons).

As an Object
When someone else is acting upon the injured person, '受伤者' becomes the object. For example: '警察救出了受伤者' (The police rescued the injured person). This is very common in news reports describing rescue efforts.

志愿者们在照顾那些受伤者。 (The volunteers are taking care of those injured persons.)

Notice the use of '那些' (those) to pluralize and specify. Since Chinese nouns don't change form for plural, context and modifiers like '们' (men) or quantity phrases are essential.

Modifying the Noun
You can add adjectives before '受伤者' to provide more detail. Use the particle '的' (de) if the adjective is complex. For example: '头部的受伤者' (A person with a head injury) or '那名年轻的受伤者' (That young injured person).

这里有几位严重的受伤者。 (There are several seriously injured persons here.)

In professional writing, you might see '受伤者名单' (list of injured persons). Here, '受伤者' acts as a modifier for the main noun '名单' (list). This demonstrates the word's versatility in forming compound nouns.

Comparison with '伤员'
While '受伤者' is general, '伤员' is often used in organizational contexts (like the military or a sports team). Use '受伤者' for general public incidents to sound more natural in everyday formal Chinese.

Finally, remember that '受伤者' is always a person. You cannot use it for animals or inanimate objects. For a hurt dog, you would say '受伤的小狗', never '受伤者小狗'. This distinction is a hallmark of the suffix '者', which is reserved for human agents or subjects.

The word 受伤者 (shòu shāng zhě) is a staple of formal and semi-formal communication in the Chinese-speaking world. You are most likely to encounter it in environments where clarity, professionalism, and factual reporting are prioritized over casual expression.

1. News and Media
This is the most common place to hear the word. Whether it's a TV news broadcast, a digital news app like Jinri Toutiao, or a newspaper, journalists use '受伤者' to provide objective counts and statuses of people involved in accidents. '据报道，事故中有五名受伤者' (According to reports, there are five injured persons in the accident).

新闻摘要：地震发生后，救援队救出了数十名受伤者。 (News Summary: After the earthquake, the rescue team saved dozens of injured persons.)

2. Medical and Hospital Settings
In hospitals, particularly in the emergency department (急诊室 - jízhěn shì), staff use this term to categorize incoming patients from an external event. A nurse might shout, '又有一名受伤者送到了！' (Another injured person has arrived!). It sounds more clinical and urgent than '病人' (patient), which implies someone with an illness.

In legal and insurance contexts, '受伤者' is the standard term used in contracts, claim forms, and court proceedings. If you are filling out an accident report in China, you will see a section labeled '受伤者信息' (Injured person's information). Here, the word is used for its legal precision.

保险公司将为每位受伤者提供赔偿。 (The insurance company will provide compensation for every injured person.)

3. Public Safety Announcements
You might hear this word in safety training videos or public announcements in subways or airports. '如果发现受伤者，请立即拨打120' (If you find an injured person, please dial 120 immediately). 120 is the medical emergency number in mainland China.

Finally, in literature or formal essays discussing social issues or the aftermath of war, '受伤者' is used to evoke empathy while maintaining a narrative distance. It helps the writer talk about the human cost of an event without being overly sentimental, allowing the facts of the 'injury' to speak for themselves.

Learning to use 受伤者 (shòu shāng zhě) correctly means avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often encounter due to direct translation or confusion with similar Chinese terms.

Mistake 1: Using '受伤者' for Illness
In English, we might say 'the person who is hurt' to describe someone with a flu or a stomach ache. In Chinese, 受伤者 is strictly for physical trauma (cuts, broken bones, burns). If someone is sick, use '病人' (bìngrén - patient) or '生病的人' (shēngbìng de rén - person who is ill).

❌ 他感冒了，他是受伤者。
✅ 他感冒了，他是病人。 (He has a cold; he is a patient.)

Mistake 2: Confusing with '受害者' (Victim)
This is the most frequent error. '受害者' (shòuhàizhě) refers to a victim of a crime, a scam, or an injustice. While a '受伤者' can also be a '受害者', they are not synonymous. If a person is physically bleeding after a fall, they are a '受伤者'. If they lost money in a scam, they are a '受害者'.

Think of it this way: 受伤者 is about the state of the body, while 受害者 is about the state of being wronged.

Mistake 3: Redundant Use of '人'
The suffix '者' already means 'person'. Therefore, adding '人' (rén) after '受伤者' is redundant and grammatically incorrect. It’s like saying 'injured person person' in English.

❌ 这里有很多受伤者人。
✅ 这里有很多受伤者。 (There are many injured persons here.)

Mistake 4: Using the Wrong Measure Word
While '个' (gè) is acceptable in very casual speech, '名' (míng) is the standard classifier for '受伤者' in formal contexts. Using '个' in a formal report might make the speaker sound less educated or professional.

Lastly, remember that '受伤者' is a noun. Beginners often try to use it as a verb, saying something like '他受伤者了'. The verb form is simply '受伤' (shòushāng). The '者' must be removed to indicate the action or state change.

To truly master the use of 受伤者 (shòu shāng zhě), you must be able to distinguish it from other words that describe people who are hurt or affected by events. Here is a breakdown of the most common synonyms and alternatives.

伤员 (shāngyuán)
Meaning: Wounded personnel / injured person (often military or organizational).
Difference: '员' implies membership in a group (like a soldier or a player). Use '伤员' in war zones or sports team contexts. Use '受伤者' for general civilians.

战场上的伤员得到了及时的救治。 (The wounded on the battlefield received timely medical treatment.)

受害者 (shòuhàizhě)
Meaning: Victim.
Difference: This focuses on being the target of a crime, disaster, or unfair treatment. It doesn't necessarily mean physical injury; it could be financial or emotional loss. '受伤者' is specifically physical.
病人 (bìngrén)
Meaning: Patient / sick person.
Difference: A '病人' has an illness (like cancer or a cold). An '受伤者' has an injury from an external event. Once an '受伤者' is admitted to a hospital and starts treatment, they also become a '病人'.
伤者 (shāngzhě)
Meaning: The injured.
Difference: This is a shortened version of '受伤者'. It is even more formal and commonly used in newspaper headlines to save space. In spoken Chinese, '受伤者' is more common and sounds more natural.

报纸标题：事故造成三名伤者。 (Newspaper Headline: Accident causes three injured.)

Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the word that best fits the social and physical context of the situation you are describing, making your Chinese sound more precise and native-like.

نکته جالب

The character '者' (zhě) in ancient times was often used to represent a person who was old or wise, but it eventually became a universal 'person' suffix for any action or state.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ʃoʊ ʃɑːŋ dʒʌ/
US /ʃoʊ ʃɑŋ dʒə/
The primary stress is on the first syllable 'Shòu', as it carries the core meaning 'to suffer'.
هم‌قافیه با
记者 (jìzhě) 作者 (zuòzhě) 读者 (dúzhě) 学者 (xuézhě) 或者 (huòzhě) 前者 (qiánzhě) 后者 (hòuzhě) 强者 (qiángzhě)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'shang' like 'shanghai' with a flat 'a' instead of the deep 'ah' sound.
  • Making the 'zhe' sound too much like 'zee' or 'jer'. It should be a neutral, retroflex sound.
  • Mixing up the tones: Shòu (4th), shāng (1st), zhě (3rd).
  • Failing to aspirate the 'sh' sounds correctly.
  • Pronouncing 'zhe' as 'che' (chě).
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

他是一个受伤者。

He is an injured person.

Simple subject-verb-object structure.

2

受伤者在车里。

The injured person is in the car.

Using '在' to show location.

3

医生在看受伤者。

The doctor is looking at the injured person.

Subject + verb + object.

4

这里有一个受伤者。

There is an injured person here.

Existential '有' sentence.

5

受伤者想喝水。

The injured person wants to drink water.

Verb '想' expressing desire.

6

那个受伤者是谁？

Who is that injured person?

Question with '谁'.

7

受伤者不高兴。

The injured person is not happy.

Negative '不' with an adjective.

8

请帮帮这个受伤者。

Please help this injured person.

Polite request with '请'.

1

救护车带走了受伤者。

The ambulance took away the injured person.

Verb '带走' (take away).

2

这名受伤者只有十岁。

This injured person is only ten years old.

Using '名' as a formal classifier.

3

我们给受伤者一些药。

We give the injured person some medicine.

Double object sentence: Give + indirect object + direct object.

4

他在路边发现了一个受伤者。

He found an injured person by the roadside.

Location '在路边' before the verb.

5

受伤者的腿断了。

The injured person's leg is broken.

Possessive '的'.

6

那里的受伤者很多吗？

Are there many injured persons there?

Question with '吗'.

7

护士在照顾受伤者。

The nurse is taking care of the injured person.

Continuous action with '在'.

8

受伤者不能走路。

The injured person cannot walk.

Modal verb '不能'.

1

所有的受伤者都得到了及时的治疗。

All the injured persons received timely treatment.

Using '都' for 'all'.

2

警察正在询问事故中的受伤者。

The police are questioning the injured person from the accident.

Noun phrase '事故中的受伤者'.

3

受伤者被紧急送往附近的医院。

The injured person was urgently sent to a nearby hospital.

Passive '被' structure.

4

我们需要确认受伤者的身份。

We need to confirm the identity of the injured person.

Verb '确认' (confirm).

5

尽管受了伤，但这名受伤者非常坚强。

Despite being injured, this injured person is very strong.

Conjunction '尽管...但是...'.

6

受伤者的家属已经赶到了医院。

The injured person's family has already arrived at the hospital.

Noun '家属' (family members).

7

政府将为受伤者提供生活补助。

The government will provide living subsidies for the injured.

Preposition '为' (for).

8

医生说受伤者的情况正在好转。

The doctor says the injured person's condition is improving.

Verb '好转' (to improve/get better).

1

保险公司拒绝赔偿这名受伤者。

The insurance company refused to compensate this injured person.

Verb '拒绝' (refuse) + '赔偿' (compensate).

2

救援人员在废墟中寻找可能的受伤者。

Rescuers are searching for possible injured persons in the ruins.

Adjective '可能的' (possible).

3

受伤者的数量比预期的要少。

The number of injured persons is fewer than expected.

Comparison structure '比...要...'.

4

这名受伤者因为失血过多而昏迷。

This injured person is unconscious due to excessive blood loss.

Cause and effect '因为...而...'.

5

我们必须优先救治重度受伤者。

We must prioritize the treatment of severely injured persons.

Adverb '优先' (prioritize).

6

受伤者在法庭上陈述了事故的经过。

The injured person recounted the course of the accident in court.

Verb '陈述' (to state/recount).

7

心理医生正在为受伤者进行心理疏导。

The psychologist is providing psychological counseling for the injured person.

Noun '心理疏导' (psychological counseling).

8

受伤者的医疗费用将由慈善机构承担。

The medical expenses of the injured will be borne by the charity.

Structure '由...承担' (to be borne by).

1

对于受伤者而言，身体的创伤只是痛苦的一部分。

For the injured, physical trauma is only part of the suffering.

Structure '对于...而言' (as far as ... is concerned).

2

该报道详细描述了受伤者在灾难中的生存经历。

The report described in detail the survival experiences of the injured in the disaster.

Verb '描述' (describe) with adverb '详细' (detailed).

3

法律专家呼吁建立更完善的受伤者保障机制。

Legal experts are calling for the establishment of a more complete protection mechanism for the injured.

Compound noun '保障机制' (protection mechanism).

4

受伤者的沉默往往掩盖了更深层次的社会问题。

The silence of the injured often masks deeper social issues.

Metaphorical use of '沉默' and '掩盖'.

5

在某些极端情况下，受伤者可能会产生替代性创伤。

In some extreme cases, the injured may develop vicarious trauma.

Technical term '替代性创伤'.

6

媒体对受伤者隐私的侵犯引起了公众的强烈不满。

The media's infringement on the privacy of the injured has caused strong public dissatisfaction.

Noun '侵犯' (infringement/violation).

7

尽管受伤者已经康复，但那段记忆依然挥之不去。

Although the injured person has recovered, that memory still lingers.

Idiom '挥之不去' (unshakeable/lingering).

8

该政策旨在减轻受伤者及其家庭的经济负担。

The policy aims to alleviate the economic burden on the injured and their families.

Verb '旨在' (aimed at).

1

我们应当从受伤者的视角重新审视现有的安全法规。

We should re-examine existing safety regulations from the perspective of the injured.

Structure '从...视角' (from the perspective of).

2

受伤者在历史叙事中往往沦为冰冷的数字统计。

The injured often dwindle into cold numerical statistics in historical narratives.

Verb '沦为' (to fall into/be reduced to).

3

这种药物对神经受损的受伤者具有显著的疗效。

This medicine has significant curative effects on injured persons with nerve damage.

Adjective '显著' (significant/notable).

4

在这一伦理困境中，受伤者的自主权受到了挑战。

In this ethical dilemma, the autonomy of the injured person is challenged.

Noun '自主权' (autonomy/right to self-determination).

5

文学作品通过刻画受伤者的内心世界来揭示人性的脆弱。

Literary works reveal the fragility of human nature by portraying the inner world of the injured.

Verb '刻画' (to portray/depict).

6

社会对受伤者的边缘化是一个亟待解决的文明悖论。

The marginalization of the injured by society is a civilizational paradox that urgently needs solving.

Noun '边缘化' (marginalization).

7

受伤者的康复不仅是生理上的，更是社会关系的重建。

The recovery of the injured is not only physiological but also a reconstruction of social relations.

Structure '不仅是...更是...'.

8

我们需要一种更具人文关怀的方式来对待每一位受伤者。

We need a more humanistic approach to treating every injured person.

Noun phrase '人文关怀' (humanistic care).

ترکیب‌های رایج

一名受伤者
严重受伤者
轻微受伤者
救治受伤者
安置受伤者
受伤者名单
寻找受伤者
受伤者家属
赔偿受伤者
转移受伤者

عبارات رایج

无名受伤者

— An unidentified injured person. Used when no ID is found.

医院里有一位无名受伤者。

头部受伤者

— Someone with a head injury. Specifies the location of trauma.

头部受伤者需要做CT检查。

现场受伤者

— Injured persons at the scene. Refers to the location of the event.

现场受伤者已得到初步处理。

事故受伤者

— Accident casualties. Links the injury to a specific event.

事故受伤者正在接受调查。

多名受伤者

— Multiple injured persons. Used for counts greater than one.

火灾造成了多名受伤者。

疑似受伤者

— Suspected injured person. Used when an injury isn't confirmed yet.

救援队正在核实疑似受伤者的情况。

幸存的受伤者

— Surviving injured person. Emphasizes that they lived through the event.

他是唯一的幸存的受伤者。

老年受伤者

— Elderly injured person. Specifies the age group.

老年受伤者需要更多的关怀。

未成年受伤者

— Underage/minor injured person. Legal term for children.

法律对未成年受伤者有特殊保护。

重症受伤者

— Critically injured person. Used in hospital triage.

重症受伤者被送入了ICU。

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"救死扶伤"

— To heal the wounded and rescue the dying. A common idiom for medical work.

医生的天职就是救死扶伤。

Formal/Praise
"伤痕累累"

— Covered in wounds/scars. Can be physical or metaphorical.

比赛结束后，他已经伤痕累累。

Literary/Descriptive
"遍体鳞伤"

— Covered all over with cuts and bruises.

那名受伤者被打得遍体鳞伤。

Graphic/Descriptive
"同病相怜"

— Fellow sufferers pity each other. Used when people share a similar misfortune.

这两位受伤者在医院里同病相怜。

Common
"大伤元气"

— To be badly hurt; to lose one's vitality significantly.

这次意外让他大伤元气。

Metaphorical
"反戈一击"

— To turn one's weapon around and strike back. Not directly about injury but related to combat.

受伤者最后反戈一击，战胜了对手。

Literary
"养精蓄锐"

— To conserve strength and store up energy (often after being an 'injured person').

受伤者需要养精蓄锐，才能早日康复。

Encouraging
"视死如归"

— To look upon death as going home. Used for brave 'injured persons' or soldiers.

那名伤员视死如归，令人敬佩。

Heroic
"痛定思痛"

— To recall past pain and learn from it.

受伤者康复后，痛定思痛，决定以后更小心。

Reflective
"哀兵必胜"

— An army burning with indignation is bound to win. Often refers to 'injured' pride or soldiers.

虽然有很多伤员，但哀兵必胜。

Military

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

伤口 (wound)
伤害 (harm)
伤痕 (scar)
伤势 (condition of injury)

فعل‌ها

受伤 (to be injured)
伤害 (to hurt)
伤心 (to be heartbroken)
养伤 (to recuperate)

صفت‌ها

伤残 (disabled)
伤感 (sentimental)
忧伤 (sad)

مرتبط

医疗 (medical treatment)
救护车 (ambulance)
急诊 (emergency)
绷带 (bandage)
康复 (recovery)
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روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Shou' as 'Shoulder' (where you might get hurt), 'Shang' as 'Sharp' (the thing that hurts you), and 'Zhe' as 'The' person. The Shoulder-Sharp-The person is the 'Injured Person'.

ریشه کلمه

The term is a modern compound using Classical Chinese roots. '受' (shòu) originates from Oracle Bone Script depicting two hands passing a vessel, meaning 'to receive'. '伤' (shāng) originally referred to being struck by an arrow. '者' (zhě) is an ancient suffix dating back over 3,000 years, used to nominalize verbs or adjectives.

معنای اصلی: A person who receives a wound.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)
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