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B1 noun #7,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

废料

feiliao رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 废料 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 废料 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about the complex industrial uses of '废料' (fèiliào). Just think of it as a word for 'extra stuff' or 'scraps' that you might see in a craft class or at a construction site. It is made of two parts: '废' (fèi), which means 'no use' or 'broken,' and '料' (liào), which means 'material' or 'stuff.' You might see this word on a big bin near a building being fixed. It is different from '垃圾' (lājī), which is the trash you have at home like food or paper. '废料' is usually harder things like metal, wood, or plastic. For now, just remember that it is a noun for 'waste material.' You can say '这是废料' (This is waste material) if you see some leftover wood on the floor. It is a good word to know if you are talking about making things or cleaning up a workspace. Don't use it for people! That would be a mistake. Just use it for things that were once useful materials but are now just small pieces left over.

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For A2 learners, '废料' (fèiliào) becomes useful when talking about the environment or recycling. You might learn that many things we call 'trash' are actually '废料' that can be used again. In China, recycling is very important, and you will see signs for '废料回收' (fèiliào huíshōu), which means 'scrap recycling.' This word is common when you are describing a scene, like a factory or a workshop. For example, '工厂里有很多废料' (There is a lot of scrap in the factory). You should also notice that '料' is the same 'liào' as in '饮料' (yǐnliào - drink) or '材料' (cáiliào - material). This helps you remember that it refers to a substance. At this level, try to use it with simple verbs like '有' (have), '看' (see), or '扔' (throw away). Just remember that '废料' is usually industrial or construction-related, while '垃圾' is what you put in your kitchen bin. If you see a pile of old bricks, that is '废料.'

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At the B1 level, you should start using '废料' (fèiliào) in more specific and professional contexts. This word is essential for discussing topics like sustainability, manufacturing, and urban development. You should be able to distinguish '废料' from '废物' (fèiwù) and '垃圾' (lājī). Remember that '废料' specifically implies a material byproduct. You will often see it paired with the type of material, such as '金属废料' (metal scrap) or '木材废料' (wood waste). In B1 conversations, you might discuss '处理废料' (processing/disposing of waste) or '回收利用废料' (recycling and utilizing waste). This is also the level where you might encounter the term in news reports about environmental issues. For example, '如何减少工业废料是一个大问题' (How to reduce industrial waste is a big problem). Pay attention to the measure words; instead of '个,' use '堆' (duī - pile) or '批' (pī - batch). This shows a higher level of fluency and an understanding of how mass nouns work in Chinese.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '废料' (fèiliào) in complex sentences and understand its nuances in different registers. You should be comfortable discussing '放射性废料' (radioactive waste) or '有毒废料' (toxic waste) in the context of global warming or energy policy. At this stage, you should also recognize the word in more abstract or creative contexts, such as '废料艺术' (scrap art). You can use '废料' to describe the inefficiency of a process: '这个生产过程产生太多的废料' (This production process generates too much waste). You should also be aware of the verb '报废' (bàofèi), which means to scrap or decommission something, and how it relates to the noun '废料.' For instance, when a machine is '报废,' it becomes '废料.' Your ability to use these related terms correctly will demonstrate a deep grasp of Chinese vocabulary. In writing, you might use it in a formal report to discuss '废料管理标准' (waste management standards) or '资源循环利用' (resource recycling).

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As a C1 learner, you should have a sophisticated understanding of '废料' (fèiliào) and its role in technical and academic Chinese. You should be able to discuss the 'circular economy' (循环经济) and the 'value-added processing of waste' (废料的增值加工) with ease. At this level, you should also be sensitive to the subtle differences between '废料,' '废物,' '残料,' and '弃物.' For example, in a legal or environmental policy context, you would know that '固体废物' (solid waste) is the standard terminology, while '废料' might be used more in the practical discussion of the materials themselves. You should also be able to use the word in metaphorical or high-level descriptive writing. For instance, you might describe an abandoned industrial zone as a 'landscape of rusted scrap' (生锈废料构成的地貌). You should also be familiar with regional variations or industry-specific jargon that incorporates this word, and be able to explain the environmental and economic implications of '废料' management in modern China.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '废料' (fèiliào) should be near-native. You should be able to engage in high-level debates about 'nuclear waste disposal' (核废料处置) or the ethics of the global scrap trade. You will understand the word's historical context in China's development—from the days of being the world's 'waste processor' to the current focus on 'zero-waste cities' (无废城市). You should be able to interpret and use the word in any register, from the gritty slang of a scrap yard to the precise language of a chemical engineering dissertation. Your understanding of '废料' will also include its place in Chinese literature or cinema, where it might be used as a symbol of industrialization's remnants or the 'disposable' nature of modern consumerism. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know its cultural, economic, and political weight in the Chinese-speaking world. You can effortlessly switch between '废料,' '边角料,' and '残渣' depending on the exact material and context you are describing.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

废料 در ۳۰ ثانیه

废料 refers to leftover materials from production or construction, such as metal shavings, wood scraps, or chemical byproducts that are no longer useful.
It is a noun composed of 'waste' (废) and 'material' (料), primarily used in industrial, environmental, and professional contexts rather than domestic ones.
Unlike the general term 'lājī' (trash), 'fèiliào' often implies the material has residual value and can be recycled or repurposed into something else.
Commonly paired with material types like 'metal' or 'plastic,' it is essential for discussing sustainability, manufacturing efficiency, and environmental policy in Chinese.

The term 废料 (fèiliào) is a fundamental noun in the Chinese language, primarily used to describe materials that remain after a production process or items that are no longer functional for their original purpose. In a literal sense, 废 (fèi) means abandoned or useless, while 料 (liào) refers to material or ingredients. Together, they form a word that spans across industrial, artistic, and environmental contexts. Unlike general 'trash' (垃圾), 废料 often implies a specific origin, such as a factory, a workshop, or a construction site. It suggests that the substance was once a valuable 'material' (原料) but has since been relegated to a secondary status.

Industrial Context: In manufacturing, 废料 refers to the off-cuts, shavings, or chemical by-products generated during fabrication. For example, a steel mill produces 'metal scrap' (金属废料) which can often be melted down and reused. This distinction is crucial in business: while 垃圾 is simply thrown away, 废料 often carries residual value and is a key component of the 'circular economy' (循环经济).
Environmental Science: When discussing ecology, the term is frequently paired with adjectives to describe hazardous substances. 'Radioactive waste' is 放射性废料, a term you will encounter in news reports about nuclear energy. Similarly, 'toxic waste' (有毒废料) is a major topic in environmental regulation debates.

工厂每天都会产生大量的金属废料，这些都可以回收利用。(The factory produces a large amount of metal scrap every day, all of which can be recycled.)

In the modern era, the perception of 废料 is shifting. What was once seen as a nuisance is now viewed as a resource. Artists often engage in 'scrap art' (废料艺术), transforming discarded wood, plastic, or metal into sculptures. This creative reuse highlights the inherent potential within the word; it is not just 'gone' material, but material in transition. When you use this word, you are acknowledging the material's history—it was once part of something bigger, and now it awaits its next fate, whether that be the landfill or the recycling furnace.

处理核废料是一个全球性的难题。(Disposing of nuclear waste is a global challenge.)

Everyday Application: You might hear a carpenter talk about 'wood scraps' (木材废料) or a tailor mention 'fabric scraps' (布料废料). In these instances, the word is neutral and descriptive. It identifies the small, unusable pieces left over from a larger project. If you are DIYing at home and have leftover PVC pipe, you are holding 废料.

Using 废料 correctly requires understanding its role as a mass noun or a collective noun. In most sentences, it functions as the object of a verb like 'dispose of' (处理), 'recycle' (回收), or 'generate' (产生). Because it refers to material, it is rarely counted with individual measure words like 个 (gè); instead, we use volume-based measure words like 吨 (dūn - ton), 堆 (duī - pile), or 批 (pī - batch).

这堆建筑废料需要尽快运走。(This pile of construction waste needs to be transported away as soon as possible.)

When constructing sentences, consider the specific type of material. Chinese is a very logical language; you can simply prefix 废料 with the material type to be more precise. For instance, 'plastic scrap' is 塑料废料, and 'textile waste' is 纺织废料. This flexibility allows for highly technical descriptions in professional reports or simple explanations in daily life.

Verb Pairings: Common verbs that take 废料 as an object include:
1. 回收 (huíshōu) - To recycle.
2. 清理 (qīnglǐ) - To clear away.
3. 倾倒 (qīngdǎo) - To dump (often implies illegal or improper disposal).
4. 转化 (zhuǎnhuà) - To transform (into something else).

科学家们正在研究如何将农业废料转化为生物燃料。(Scientists are researching how to transform agricultural waste into biofuel.)

In a passive sense, you might describe a place as being 'filled with scrap.' Here, you would use the structure '充满了...废料' (chōngmǎnle...fèiliào). This is common in descriptive writing or journalism to set a scene of neglect or industrial decay. For example: 'The abandoned yard was filled with rusted metal scrap' (废弃的院子里充满了生锈的金属废料).

Finally, in academic or policy-driven Chinese, 废料 is often used in the context of 'management' (管理) and 'standards' (标准). Phrases like 'waste disposal standards' (废料处理标准) appear frequently in legal documents and corporate environmental social responsibility (ESR) reports. Mastering the use of this word in these formal structures will significantly elevate your Chinese proficiency from casual to professional.

You will encounter 废料 in several distinct environments in China. Understanding these contexts will help you interpret the speaker's intent and tone. The most common place is within the industrial and manufacturing sector. If you visit a factory in Guangdong or Zhejiang, you will see bins labeled with various types of 废料. In this setting, the word is purely technical and non-judgmental.

News and Media: News broadcasts frequently use 废料 when discussing international trade or environmental protection. For many years, China was a major importer of 'foreign waste' (洋垃圾), which included large amounts of industrial 废料 for recycling. Since the ban on these imports, the word has appeared in headlines concerning the 'Green Sword' (绿篱) policy and the push for domestic waste sorting.

新闻报道了关于非法倾倒有毒废料的案件。(The news reported on a case involving the illegal dumping of toxic waste.)

Another surprising place you might hear this word is in the art and design world. Upcycling is a growing trend in urban China (like Beijing's 798 Art District or Shanghai's M50). Designers often boast about using 'reclaimed waste' (回收废料) to create high-end furniture or fashion. In this context, 废料 takes on a trendy, eco-conscious connotation, appealing to the 'LOHAS' (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability) demographic.

On construction sites, you will hear workers and foremen discussing the removal of 'construction scrap' (建筑废料). It is a logistical term here, often associated with the 'muck trucks' (渣土车) that roam Chinese cities at night. If you are living in a Chinese city and your neighbor is renovating their apartment, you will likely see bags of 废料 stacked in the hallway—this is a very practical, everyday encounter with the word.

装修剩下的废料不能随便扔进生活垃圾桶。(The waste material left over from renovation cannot be thrown into the domestic trash bin at will.)

Lastly, in scientific documentaries or educational programs, 废料 is used to discuss the byproduct of chemical reactions or energy production. It is a sterile, precise term used to categorize substances that are no longer active or useful in a specific process. Whether it is 'laboratory waste' (实验室废料) or 'electronic waste' (电子废料), the word serves as a placeholder for the physical remnants of human progress.

One of the most frequent errors learners make is using 废料 when they actually mean 垃圾 (lājī). While both refer to things we throw away, their usage is not interchangeable. 垃圾 is the general term for 'garbage' or 'trash'—the stuff in your kitchen bin. 废料 is specifically 'material waste,' usually industrial or leftover from a specific craft. You wouldn't call a banana peel 废料; that's 湿垃圾 (wet trash).

Mistake 1: Personification: Learners sometimes try to call someone a 'waste of space' by saying '他是个废料' (Tā shì ge fèiliào). This sounds very strange to a native speaker. To call someone useless, the correct term is 废物 (fèiwù). Using 废料 makes it sound like the person is literally made of scrap metal or wood shavings.

Incorrect: 我要把厨房里的废料扔了。(I want to throw away the kitchen waste.)
Correct: 我要把厨房里的垃圾扔了。

Another common mistake is overusing the word in casual conversation. 废料 is a somewhat formal and technical term. If you are at a friend's house and see some paper scraps on the table, you might just say '碎纸' (suìzhǐ - shredded paper) or '没用的东西' (méiyòng de dōngxī - useless things). Calling it 废料 might sound like you are conducting a government inspection of their living room.

Mistake 2: Measure Word Confusion: Using '一个' (yī gè) with 废料 is technically incorrect because 废料 is uncountable. You should use '一些' (yīxiē - some), '大量' (dàliàng - a large amount), or '堆' (duī - pile). Saying '一个废料' sounds like you are referring to a single, specific piece of scrap, which is better expressed as '一块废料' (yī kuài fèiliào).

Lastly, remember the register. In academic writing, you should avoid using '废料' as a catch-all. Be specific. Instead of just saying 'the company produces waste,' say 'the company produces industrial solid waste' (企业产生工业固体废物). In these high-level contexts, 废物 (fèiwù) is actually the more formal legal term, while 废料 is more common in the actual manufacturing and recycling trades.

To truly master 废料, you must understand its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. The Chinese language has many words for 'waste,' each suited to a specific context. Here is a breakdown of the most common alternatives.

废料 vs. 垃圾 (Lājī): 垃圾 is the most general term for trash or garbage. It includes household waste, food scraps, and general litter. 废料 is more specific to materials left over from a process (industrial, construction, or craft). You recycle 废料; you throw away 垃圾.
废料 vs. 废物 (Fèiwù): 废物 is a broader category that includes 废料. In legal and scientific contexts, 废物 is the standard term (e.g., 固体废物 - solid waste). However, in daily life, 废物 is also a common insult for a person, whereas 废料 is never used that way.
废料 vs. 弃物 (Qìwù): 弃物 literally means 'discarded items.' It is a more literary or formal term for things that have been abandoned. While 废料 implies a material byproduct, 弃物 could be an old suitcase, a broken chair, or an abandoned umbrella.

Comparison:
1. 工业废料 (Industrial scrap - material focus)
2. 工业废物 (Industrial waste - general/legal focus)
3. 生活垃圾 (Domestic trash - daily life focus)

In specific industries, you will find even more targeted terms. For example, in the timber industry, you might use 边角料 (biānjiǎoliào), which refers to the 'corner scraps' or off-cuts from a piece of wood or fabric. This is a very useful word for craftsmen. If you are talking about metal specifically, 废铁 (fèitiě - scrap iron) or 废铜烂铁 (fèitóng-làntiě - scrap copper and broken iron, often used idiomatically for junk) are excellent choices.

When discussing the end of a product's life, you might also hear 报废 (bàofèi), which is a verb meaning 'to scrap' or 'to write off.' For example, 'This car is scrapped' (这辆车报废了). While 废料 is the noun for the resulting material, 报废 is the process of declaring it useless. Understanding these connections helps you navigate the entire lifecycle of an object in Chinese conversation.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 料 (liào) is also used in the word for 'genius' or 'talent' in some contexts (e.g., 是块好料 - being 'good material' for a task), showing how Chinese uses 'material' as a metaphor for human potential.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /feɪ liːaʊ/

US /feɪ ljaʊ/

Both syllables receive equal stress in Mandarin, but both are 4th tones (falling).

هم‌قافیه با

对 (duì) 背 (bèi) 贵 (guì) 笑 (xiào) 跳 (tiào) 叫 (jiào) 道 (dào) 报 (bào)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'fèi' with the 1st tone (fēi), which means 'to fly'.
Confusing 'fèi' with 'féi' (2nd tone), which means 'fat' or 'fertilizer'.
Treating 'liào' as two syllables (li-ao) instead of one sliding vowel sound.
Pronouncing 'fèi' like 'feet' without the 't'.
Missing the sharp falling tone, making it sound like a question.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Characters are moderately complex but common in news and technical texts.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing '废' (fèi) requires attention to stroke order and the '广' radical.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce if you master the 4th tone.

گوش دادن 3/5

Can be confused with '肥料' (fertilizer) in fast speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

材料 (Material) 垃圾 (Trash) 有用 (Useful) 工厂 (Factory) 东西 (Thing)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

回收 (Recycle) 环境 (Environment) 污染 (Pollution) 可持续 (Sustainable) 循环 (Cycle)

پیشرفته

放射性 (Radioactivity) 生物燃料 (Biofuel) 减量化 (Reduction) 资源化 (Resource recovery)

گرامر لازم

Mass Nouns and Measure Words

We use '一堆' (a pile) or '一些' (some) with 废料. '这一堆废料' (this pile of scrap).

Prefixing materials to nouns

You can add the material type directly before 废料: '木材废料' (wood waste).

Passive '被' (bèi) construction

废料被回收了。(The waste was recycled.)

Resultative Complements

把废料处理掉。(Dispose of the waste - '掉' indicates removal.)

Purpose with '为了' (wèile)

为了减少废料，我们需要改进技术。(In order to reduce waste, we need to improve technology.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是工厂的废料。

This is the factory's waste material.

Simple A是B structure.

那里有一堆木材废料。

There is a pile of wood scrap over there.

Using the measure word 堆 (duī) for a pile.

废料可以回收吗？

Can the waste material be recycled?

Basic question using 吗.

我不想要这些废料。

I don't want these scraps.

Negation with 不.

请清理这些废料。

Please clean up these scraps.

Polite request using 请.

这些废料很有用。

These scraps are very useful.

Adjective phrase with 很.

他在看地上的废料。

He is looking at the scraps on the ground.

Present continuous with 在.

废料在那里的箱子里。

The scraps are in the box over there.

Location phrase with 在...里.

工人正在搬运金属废料。

The worker is carrying metal scrap.

Action in progress with 正在.

我们应该回收塑料废料。

We should recycle plastic waste.

Using the modal verb 应该 (should).

这堆废料已经放了很久了。

This pile of scrap has been sitting here for a long time.

Duration of state with 了...了.

工厂每天产生很多废料。

The factory generates a lot of waste every day.

Subject + Time + Verb + Object.

他用废料做了一个玩具。

He made a toy using scraps.

Using 用 (use) to indicate the tool/material.

这些废料不能随便乱扔。

These scraps cannot be thrown away carelessly.

Using 随便 (casually) as an adverb.

回收站收各种废料。

The recycling station accepts all kinds of scrap.

Verb 收 (receive/accept).

你需要多少这种废料？

How much of this scrap do you need?

Question word 多少 (how much).

建筑废料必须运到指定的地点。

Construction waste must be transported to a designated location.

Using 必须 (must) for requirements.

为了环保，我们必须减少工业废料。

For environmental protection, we must reduce industrial waste.

Purpose clause starting with 为了.

这种机器可以自动分类废料。

This machine can automatically sort waste materials.

Adverb 自动 (automatically).

处理核废料是一个极其复杂的过程。

Disposing of nuclear waste is an extremely complex process.

Using 极其 (extremely) to modify an adjective.

他专门收集旧废料来搞艺术创作。

He specifically collects old scraps for artistic creation.

Using 专门 (specifically) + Verb.

这些废料如果不及时处理，会污染环境。

If these scraps are not handled in time, they will pollute the environment.

Condition clause with 如果...就/会.

公司投入了大量资金来处理废料。

The company invested a large amount of capital to handle waste.

Verb 投入 (invest) + Object.

废料回收行业在近年来发展迅速。

The scrap recycling industry has developed rapidly in recent years.

Subject + 在...中 + Verb + 迅速.

该工厂因违规倾倒废料而被罚款。

The factory was fined for illegally dumping waste.

Passive structure with 因...而 (because of... then...).

利用农业废料生产生物燃料具有广阔的前景。

Using agricultural waste to produce biofuel has broad prospects.

Complex subject phrase ending in 具有...前景.

这种新型材料是由回收的塑料废料制成的。

This new material is made from recycled plastic waste.

Passive structure 是由...制成的.

我们需要制定更严格的废料排放标准。

We need to formulate stricter waste emission standards.

Verb 制定 (formulate) + Noun phrase.

废料的堆积已经严重影响了当地居民的生活。

The accumulation of waste has seriously affected the lives of local residents.

Noun phrase as subject + 已经 + 严重影响.

政府正在推广“无废城市”的理念，以减少固体废料。

The government is promoting the 'zero-waste city' concept to reduce solid waste.

Using 以 (in order to) to show purpose.

科学家们在研究如何将有害废料转化为无害物质。

Scientists are studying how to transform harmful waste into harmless substances.

Indirect question '如何...' as object of '研究'.

纺织废料的再利用可以显著降低生产成本。

The reuse of textile waste can significantly reduce production costs.

Subject phrase + 可以 + 显著降低.

废料的跨境转移引发了广泛的国际争议。

The transboundary movement of waste has sparked widespread international controversy.

Abstract noun phrase as subject + 引发 (spark/trigger).

在循环经济框架下，废料被视为一种被放错地方的资源。

Under the framework of a circular economy, waste is seen as a misplaced resource.

Passive 被 structure + 视为 (regarded as).

处理高放射性废料的技术瓶颈仍有待突破。

The technical bottlenecks in handling high-level radioactive waste remain to be broken through.

Phrase 有待 (remains to be) + Verb.

该工艺通过最大限度地减少废料产出，实现了绿色生产。

The process achieves green production by minimizing waste output.

通过 (through) + Method + 实现 (achieve).

电子废料中含有的重金属如果处理不当，将造成持久的生态灾难。

Heavy metals contained in electronic waste will cause a lasting ecological disaster if handled improperly.

Conditional phrase with 如果...将 (if... then will).

废料回收率的提高依赖于公众环保意识的觉醒。

The increase in the waste recycling rate depends on the awakening of public environmental awareness.

Subject 依赖于 (depends on) + Noun phrase.

企业应当承担起废料全生命周期管理的责任。

Enterprises should take on the responsibility for the full life-cycle management of waste.

Verb 承担起 (take on) + Noun phrase.

废料的美学价值在当代装置艺术中得到了重新审视。

The aesthetic value of waste has been re-examined in contemporary installation art.

Subject + 得到了 + 重新审视 (re-examination).

废料处置的外部性成本往往被市场参与者所忽视。

The external costs of waste disposal are often ignored by market participants.

Passive structure 被...所 (by...).

在全球价值链中，废料流向反映了不同国家间的环境不平等。

In global value chains, the flow of waste reflects environmental inequality between different countries.

Subject 反映了 (reflects) + Object.

核废料地质处置库的选址不仅是技术问题，更是政治博弈。

The siting of a nuclear waste geological repository is not only a technical issue but also a political gamble.

Structure 不仅是...更是... (not only... but even more...).

废料的减量化、资源化和无害化是现代废弃物管理的核心原则。

Reduction, recycling, and harmlessness of waste are the core principles of modern waste management.

List of nouns + 是...的核心原则.

通过对废料组分的精细化分析，我们可以优化原材料的配比。

Through fine-grained analysis of waste components, we can optimize the ratio of raw materials.

Through (通过) + Analysis (分析) + Optimized (优化).

废料的非法跨境贸易已成为国际环境法打击的重点。

The illegal transboundary trade in waste has become a focus of international environmental law enforcement.

Subject + 已成为 (has already become) + Noun phrase.

从废料中提取稀有金属具有极高的经济价值和战略意义。

Extracting rare metals from waste has extremely high economic value and strategic significance.

Extracting... (从...中提取...) + has... (具有...).

废料的妥善处理是衡量一个国家工业现代化水平的重要指标。

Proper disposal of waste is an important indicator for measuring a country's industrial modernization level.

Subject + 是衡量...的重要指标.

مترادف‌ها

垃圾废弃物残渣废物

متضادها

原料资源成品

ترکیب‌های رایج

金属废料

核废料

建筑废料

回收废料

处理废料

产生废料

塑料废料

有毒废料

废料堆

工业废料

عبارات رایج

变废为宝

— To turn waste into treasure. Used when recycling or repurposing something useless.

这家公司通过变废为宝，获得了巨大的利润。

废料处理

— Waste disposal or processing. A common technical term.

废料处理费最近涨价了。

废料回收站

— Scrap recycling station. A place where you take scrap for money.

他把旧铁管卖给了废料回收站。

放射性废料

— Radioactive waste. Used in scientific and political news.

放射性废料需要长期封存。

废料再利用

— Waste reuse. Focuses on using materials again without major processing.

废料再利用有助于节约成本。

废料减量

— Waste reduction. A goal for many modern factories.

通过改进工艺，我们实现了废料减量。

废料堆放场

— Waste dumping ground or scrap yard.

这里以前是一个巨大的废料堆放场。

电子废料

— E-waste. Old phones, computers, and electronics.

电子废料含有大量贵金属。

废料出口

— Waste export. Often discussed in international trade.

许多国家限制了塑料废料的出口。

废料转化

— Waste transformation. Changing waste into energy or other products.

废料转化能源技术正在普及。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

废料 vs 肥料 (féiliào)

Pronounced similarly, but means 'fertilizer.' Crucial distinction for agriculture vs. industry.

废料 vs 废物 (fèiwù)

Broader term for waste, also an insult for people. 废料 is specifically for materials.

废料 vs 废弃 (fèiqì)

A verb meaning 'to discard.' 废料 is the noun for the resulting material.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"变废为宝"

— Turning useless things into something valuable. This is the most relevant idiom.

他善于变废为宝，把旧家具改造成了艺术品。

Common

"废寝忘食"

— To forget to eat and sleep (due to hard work). Uses the character '废' but not in the 'waste' sense.

他为了完成项目，整天废寝忘食。

Literary

"半途而废"

— To give up halfway. Uses '废' meaning to abandon/stop.

学习汉语不能半途而废。

Common

"废话连篇"

— Full of nonsense. Uses '废' meaning useless (words).

他的报告废话连篇，没有重点。

Informal

"废铁烂铜"

— Scrap metal; junk. Often used to describe something of very low value.

这辆旧车现在只值一堆废铁烂铜的钱。

Colloquial

"百废待兴"

— Many things are waiting to be done (after a period of neglect).

战争结束后，这个国家百废待兴。

Formal

"废而不用"

— Abandoned and not used.

这些旧设备已经废而不用多年了。

Literary

"废旧立新"

— To discard the old and establish the new.

城市更新的过程就是废旧立新的过程。

Formal

"废公兴私"

— To neglect public interests for private gain.

我们要坚决反对废公兴私的行为。

Formal

"废书而叹"

— To put down a book and sigh (usually due to strong emotion).

读到动人之处，他不觉废书而叹。

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

废料 vs 垃圾 (lājī)

Both mean waste.

Lājī is general/domestic trash (food, paper). Fèiliào is material scrap (metal, wood).

厨房里有垃圾，工厂里有废料。

废料 vs 残渣 (cánzhā)

Both refer to leftovers.

Cánzhā is usually dregs, residue, or tiny particles (like coffee grounds). Fèiliào refers to larger chunks of material.

果汁里的残渣 vs. 锯木头的废料。

废料 vs 弃物 (qìwù)

Both mean discarded things.

Qìwù is more literary/general. Fèiliào is technical and material-focused.

沙滩上的弃物包括旧鞋和废料。

废料 vs 边角料 (biānjiǎoliào)

Both refer to scraps.

Biānjiǎoliào is more colloquial and specifically refers to off-cuts from a larger sheet.

做衣服剩下的边角料。

废料 vs 原料 (yuánliào)

Opposite meanings but sound similar.

Yuánliào is the starting material; fèiliào is the leftover waste.

把原料变成产品，把废料变成宝物。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

这是[Material]废料。

这是木材废料。

这里有大量的[Material]废料。

这里有大量的金属废料。

我们应该如何回收[Type]废料？

我们应该如何回收塑料废料？

由于[Reason]，工厂产生了大量废料。

由于生产效率低，工厂产生了大量废料。

[Method]是处理[Type]废料的有效途径。

填埋是处理城市建筑废料的有效途径。

废料的[Abstract Noun]直接关系到[Impact]。

废料的资源化利用直接关系到可持续发展的成败。

All

把废料[Action]。

把废料运走。

All

用废料做[Product]。

用废料做艺术品。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

废物 (fèiwù) - rubbish/good-for-nothing

废墟 (fèixū) - ruins

废气 (fèiqì) - exhaust gas

废水 (fèishuǐ) - waste water

废纸 (fèizhǐ) - waste paper

فعل‌ها

废除 (fèichú) - to abolish

报废 (bàofèi) - to scrap/decommission

废弃 (fèiqì) - to discard

浪费 (làngfèi) - to waste

صفت‌ها

废旧 (fèijiù) - old and discarded

荒废 (huāngfèi) - neglected/abandoned

残废 (cánfèi) - disabled (use with care)

مرتبط

回收 (huíshōu) - recycle

处理 (chǔlǐ) - dispose/process

污染 (wūrǎn) - pollute

资源 (zīyuán) - resource

材料 (cáiliào) - material

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in industrial, environmental, and news contexts. Moderate in daily life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '废料' for household trash. → 垃圾 (lājī)
废料 is for materials (wood, metal); 垃圾 is for general garbage (food, tissue).
Calling a person '废料'. → 废物 (fèiwù)
废料 is for physical material; 废物 is the correct (though rude) term for people.
Confusing '废料' (waste) and '肥料' (fertilizer). → Check the tone (4th vs 2nd).
Fèiliào is scrap; Féiliào is for plants. Pronunciation is key.
Using '一个废料' as a count. → 一堆废料 / 一块废料
废料 is a mass noun; use volume or piece measure words.
Using '废料' as a verb. → 报废 (bàofèi)
废料 is a noun. To say 'to scrap something,' you must use a verb like 报废.

نکات

Industrial Precision

When in a factory, always use '废料'. It sounds professional and focuses on the material's potential for recycling.

Mastering the 4th Tone

Practice both 'fèi' and 'liào' with a sharp, downward motion. Imagine you are chopping wood—short and powerful.

Eco-friendly Chinese

Pair '废料' with '回收' (recycle) or '利用' (utilize) to talk about green living and sustainability.

Material Prefixing

Remember you can prefix any material to '废料' (e.g., 玻璃废料 for glass scrap). This is a very easy way to expand your vocabulary.

Character Detail

The character '废' has the '广' (house) radical. Imagine a house being abandoned to help you remember the meaning.

Avoid the Insult

Never use '废料' or '废物' to describe a person unless you intend to be very rude. Use '没用' for a softer 'useless'.

Differentiating Fertilizer

If you hear 'fèiliào' in a garden, it might be '肥料' (fertilizer). Check the tone: féi (rising) vs fèi (falling).

Scrap Collectors

If you see someone on a tricycle with a loudspeaker in a Chinese city, they are likely looking for '废料' and '废品'.

The '料' Connection

Associate '料' (liào) with 'material' in all words: 材料, 饮料, 资料. This makes '废料' easier to remember.

Waste Management

In business meetings, use '废料管理' (waste management) to discuss efficiency and environmental impact.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Fèi' as 'Failing' material and 'Liào' as 'LEGO' blocks. 'Failing LEGO' = Scraps that didn't make the cut for the final model.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a giant pile of rusted metal gears and wooden planks sitting outside a factory. That pile is the physical embodiment of 废料.

شبکه واژگان

工业 (Industry) 回收 (Recycle) 金属 (Metal) 木材 (Wood) 处理 (Processing) 垃圾 (Trash) 废物 (Waste) 环保 (Eco-friendly)

چالش

Try to find three things in your house that could be called '废料' (like old fabric or paper scraps) and describe them using the word in a sentence.

ریشه کلمه

The word 废料 is a compound of two ancient Chinese characters. 废 (fèi) dates back to early scripts, depicting a house (广) with a person being 'cast aside' or 'abandoned' (originally related to a falling building). 料 (liào) originally meant to measure grain (斗 - a measure, and 米 - rice).

معنای اصلی: The original sense of 废 was a collapsed building, and 料 was measured grain. Combined, they imply 'measured material that has collapsed or is no longer functional.'

Sino-Tibetan, Chinese Mandarin.

بافت فرهنگی

Avoid using '废物' (a related word) when talking about people, as it is a strong insult. '废料' is neutral and safe.

In English, we use 'scrap,' 'waste,' or 'leftovers' depending on the item. Chinese is more consistent with '废料' for industrial/craft materials.

The movie 'Plastic China' (塑料王国) explores the global trade in 废料. The 'Green Sword' (绿篱) policy which banned the import of foreign 废料. Scrap art installations in Beijing's 798 District.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a construction site

清理建筑废料 (Clear construction waste)
废料车 (Waste truck)
禁止倾倒废料 (No dumping of waste)
废料堆 (Waste pile)

In a factory/manufacturing plant

废料回收率 (Waste recovery rate)
减少废料 (Reduce waste)
废料分类 (Waste sorting)
工业废料排放 (Industrial waste discharge)

Environmental news report

核废料处置 (Nuclear waste disposal)
塑料废料污染 (Plastic waste pollution)
全球废料贸易 (Global waste trade)
非法运输废料 (Illegal transport of waste)

Art and Design

废料艺术 (Scrap art)
利用废料创作 (Create using scraps)
回收废料设计 (Recycled waste design)
废料的价值 (The value of waste)

Home DIY/Crafting

剩下的废料 (Remaining scraps)
木材废料 (Wood scraps)
布料废料 (Fabric scraps)
收集废料 (Collect scraps)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得我们应该如何处理这些工业废料？ (How do you think we should handle these industrial wastes?)"

"你见过用废料做的艺术品吗？ (Have you ever seen artwork made from scraps?)"

"在你们国家，核废料是怎么处理的？ (In your country, how is nuclear waste handled?)"

"我们工厂的废料回收率是多少？ (What is the waste recovery rate of our factory?)"

"这些装修废料什么时候能运走？ (When can these renovation scraps be transported away?)"

موضوعات نگارش

描述一次你把“废料”变成有用东西的经历。 (Describe a time you turned 'waste material' into something useful.)

讨论工业废料对当地环境的影响以及可能的解决方案。 (Discuss the impact of industrial waste on the local environment and potential solutions.)

你认为“无废城市”在未来是可能的吗？为什么？ (Do you think 'zero-waste cities' are possible in the future? Why?)

观察你周围的废料，写下它们是如何产生的。 (Observe the waste materials around you and write about how they were generated.)

如果废料可以说话，它会如何描述它的前世今生？ (If scrap material could talk, how would it describe its past and present life?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, '废料' is for materials like metal, wood, or plastic. For food waste, use '厨余垃圾' (chúyú lājī) or '剩菜剩饭' (shèngcài shèngfàn).

It is neutral to formal. It's the standard term in factories and news reports, but in a very casual home setting, you might just say '没用的东西' (useless things).

Since it's a mass noun, use '堆' (duī - pile), '吨' (dūn - ton), or '些' (xiē - some). Example: '一堆废料'.

Technically no. If you want to call someone a 'waste of space,' use '废物' (fèiwù). Calling them '废料' sounds like they are literally made of scrap metal.

'废品' (fèipǐn) often refers to defective finished products or items meant for recycling (like old bottles). '废料' is specifically the raw material scrap from a process.

Yes, '核废料' is the standard and most common term. You might also see '放射性废物' in very formal scientific contexts.

You can say '废料堆放场' (fèiliào duīfàngchǎng) or more commonly '废品站' (fèipǐnzhàn) for a place that buys scrap.

Not usually. For 'junk code' or 'dead code,' Chinese speakers use '冗余代码' (rǒngyú dàimǎ) or '废代码' (fèi dàimǎ).

No, it is strictly a noun. To say 'to scrap something,' use the verb '报废' (bàofèi).

It is '电子废料' (diànzǐ fèiliào) or '电子垃圾' (diànzǐ lājī). Both are very common.

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