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A2 noun 3 min de lecture

くだもの

kudamono

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

§ Mistake 1: Confusing くだもの (kudamono) with フルーツ (furuutsu)

Many learners, especially at the beginner stage, might think that くだもの (kudamono) and フルーツ (furuutsu) are perfectly interchangeable. While both mean 'fruit', there's a subtle but important difference in nuance and usage.

DEFINITION: くだもの (kudamono): Refers to fruit in a general, traditional Japanese sense. It often implies fruit as a natural product, perhaps something you'd find in a traditional market or as part of a meal.

DEFINITION: フルーツ (furuutsu): This is a loanword from English 'fruit'. It often carries a more modern, perhaps Westernized, connotation. You might hear it more in contexts like fruit desserts, fruit juices, or in cafes.

朝食にくだものを食べます。(Chōshoku ni kudamono o tabemasu.) - I eat fruit for breakfast. (General, natural way of speaking).

このケーキはフルーツがたくさん入っています。(Kono kēki wa furuutsu ga takusan haitte imasu.) - This cake has a lot of fruit in it. (More common for processed foods or desserts).

§ Mistake 2: Using the wrong counter for fruit

Japanese uses various counter words depending on what you're counting. While there isn't a single universal counter for all fruit, understanding common patterns will help you avoid errors.

For many smaller, round fruits like apples or oranges, the counter 個 (ko) is often used.

EXAMPLE
りんごを３個ください。(Ringo o san ko kudasai.) - Please give me three apples.

For longer fruits like bananas, the counter 本 (hon) is used, which is also used for long, cylindrical objects.

EXAMPLE
バナナを２本買いました。(Banana o ni hon kaimashita.) - I bought two bananas.

For bunches of grapes or similar items, the counter 房 (fusa) is used.

EXAMPLE
ぶどうを一房食べました。(Budō o hito fusa tabemashita.) - I ate a bunch of grapes.

§ Mistake 3: Over-generalizing fruit names

While くだもの (kudamono) is a general term for fruit, it's important to learn specific fruit names as soon as possible. Just like in English, saying "I like fruit" is good, but saying "I like apples and bananas" is more specific and natural.

Don't rely solely on くだもの (kudamono) when you know the specific fruit's name. This shows a higher level of fluency and makes your Japanese sound more natural.

INSTEAD OF:
このくだものは甘いです。(Kono kudamono wa amai desu.) - This fruit is sweet. (Okay, but can be more specific).
TRY THIS:
このりんごは甘いです。(Kono ringo wa amai desu.) - This apple is sweet.

Learning individual fruit names will greatly expand your vocabulary and allow for more precise communication.

Grammaire à connaître

When talking about specific fruits, you can say [Fruit name] のくだもの (kudamono), but usually, you just say the fruit name itself. For example, りんご (ringo - apple) is understood as 'apple fruit.'

りんごのくだもの vs りんご

To ask 'What kind of fruit?', you can say どんなくだものですか？ (Donna kudamono desu ka?)

どんなくだものがすきですか？ (Donna kudamono ga suki desu ka?) - What kind of fruit do you like?

To express liking fruit, use くだものがすきです (kudamono ga suki desu). The particle が (ga) marks the object of liking.

わたしはくだものがすきです。 (Watashi wa kudamono ga suki desu.) - I like fruit.

When you want to say 'a lot of fruit' or 'some fruit', you can use たくさんの (takusan no) or いくつかの (ikutsu ka no) before くだもの.

たくさんのくだものをかいました。 (Takusan no kudamono o kaimashita.) - I bought a lot of fruit.

To talk about eating fruit, use the verb たべます (tabemasu - to eat) with the direct object particle を (o).

くだものをたべます。 (Kudamono o tabemasu.) - I eat fruit.

Exemples par niveau

毎日くだものを食べると健康に良いです。

Eating fruit every day is good for your health.

Verb-て form + 良い (ii) means 'it is good to do...'

このくだものは甘くて美味しいですね。

This fruit is sweet and delicious, isn't it?

な-adjective + で + い-adjective is used to connect two adjectives.

日本のくだものは、季節によっていろいろな種類があります。

Japanese fruits have many different kinds depending on the season.

によって (ni yotte) means 'depending on'.

朝ごはんには、パンとくだものを食べることが多いです。

For breakfast, I often eat bread and fruit.

こと (koto) makes a verb phrase into a noun phrase. が多い (ga ooi) means 'often'.

スーパーで新鮮なくだものを見つけました。

I found fresh fruit at the supermarket.

な-adjective + な + noun.

くだものを買って、ジュースを作りたいです。

I want to buy fruit and make juice.

Verb-て form + たい (tai) means 'want to do...'

このくだものは皮をむいてから食べます。

You eat this fruit after peeling the skin.

Verb-て form + から (kara) means 'after doing...'

お土産にくだものはいかがですか。

How about some fruit as a souvenir?

いかがですか (ikaga desu ka) is a polite way to say 'how about...?'

Collocations courantes

好きな果物 favorite fruit

果物を食べる eat fruit

果物を買う buy fruit

果物の味 taste of fruit

果物の甘さ sweetness of fruit

果物の皮 fruit peel/skin

新鮮な果物 fresh fruit

季節の果物 seasonal fruit

果物ジュース fruit juice

果物屋さん fruit store/seller

Phrases Courantes

毎朝果物を食べます。

I eat fruit every morning.

この果物は甘くて美味しいです。

This fruit is sweet and delicious.

どの果物が好きですか？

Which fruit do you like?

果物をたくさん食べると健康にいいです。

Eating a lot of fruit is good for your health.

夕食後に果物をデザートに食べました。

I ate fruit for dessert after dinner.

冷蔵庫に果物がありますか？

Are there any fruits in the refrigerator?

彼は果物が苦手です。

He doesn't like fruit.

この季節は美味しい果物が多いです。

There are many delicious fruits this season.

果物ナイフでリンゴの皮をむきました。

I peeled an apple with a fruit knife.

果物でいっぱいのバスケットをもらいました。

I received a basket full of fruit.

Astuces

Basic Meaning of KUDAMONO

「くだもの」 (kudamono) means fruit in Japanese. It's a general term for all edible fruits.

Common Usage: Buying Fruit

When you go to a store, you can ask for fruit using this word. For example, 「くだものを買いたいです。」 (Kudamono o kaimasu.) means "I want to buy fruit."

Plural and Singular are the Same

In Japanese, nouns generally don't change for plural. So, 「くだもの」 can mean one fruit or many fruits, depending on context.

Using 'no' to Specify Fruit Type

You can combine 「くだもの」 with specific fruit names. For example, 「りんごのくだもの」 (ringo no kudamono) literally means "apple fruit," but it's more common to just say 「りんご」 (ringo) for apple. You'd use 「くだもの」 as a general category.

Healthy Food

Fruit is considered healthy. You might hear someone say, 「くだものは体に良いです。」 (Kudamono wa karada ni ii desu.) meaning "Fruit is good for your health."

Describing Fruit Taste

You can describe fruit as sweet: 「このくだものは甘いです。」 (Kono kudamono wa amai desu.) - "This fruit is sweet." Or sour: 「このくだものは酸っぱいです。」 (Kono kudamono wa suppai desu.) - "This fruit is sour."

Fruit as a Gift

In Japan, fruit can be a popular gift, especially high-quality or seasonal fruit. 「お土産にくだものはいかがですか。」 (Omiyage ni kudamono wa ikaga desu ka?) - "How about fruit as a souvenir/gift?"

Learning Specific Fruit Names

While 「くだもの」 is general, you'll need to learn specific fruit names like 「りんご」 (apple), 「みかん」 (mandarin orange), 「いちご」 (strawberry) to talk about them directly. Add these to your vocabulary.

Asking About Fruit Preference

You can ask someone what fruit they like: 「どんなくだものが好きですか。」 (Donna kudamono ga suki desu ka?) - "What kind of fruit do you like?"

Regional Specialties

Many regions in Japan are famous for specific fruits. For example, Yamanashi is known for peaches. You might hear 「山梨のくだもの」 (Yamanashi no kudamono) referring to fruit from Yamanashi.

Teste-toi 36 questions

multiple choice A1

Which of these is a fruit?

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : りんご (ringo)

りんご (ringo) means apple, which is a type of fruit.

multiple choice A1

Choose the Japanese word for 'fruit'.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : くだもの (kudamono)

くだもの (kudamono) is the Japanese word for fruit. やさい (yasai) is vegetable, おかし (okashi) is sweets, and ごはん (gohan) is rice/meal.

multiple choice A1

How would you say 'I eat fruit' in Japanese?

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : わたしはくだものをたべます (Watashi wa kudamono o tabemasu)

くだもの (kudamono) means fruit, and たべます (tabemasu) means to eat. The particle を (o) marks the direct object.

true false A1

バナナはくだものです (Banana wa kudamono desu). (Bananas are fruit.)

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Vrai

バナナ (banana) is a type of fruit, so the statement is true.

true false A1

りんごはやさいです (Ringo wa yasai desu). (Apples are vegetables.)

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Faux

りんご (ringo) means apple, which is a fruit, not a vegetable (やさい - yasai).

true false A1

わたしはくだものがすきです (Watashi wa kudamono ga suki desu). (I like fruit.)

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : Vrai

The sentence translates to 'I like fruit', which is a grammatically correct and sensible statement.

listening A1

Listen for 'fruit'.

Correct ! Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : これはくだものです。