A2 Descriptive Adjectives 13 min read Facile

Comparaisons : Mieux que (-boda)

Utilise le nom + «보다» pour fixer ton point de comparaison, ce qui veut dire 'par rapport à' ou 'que'.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the particle -보다 (boda) after the noun you are comparing against to say something is 'more' than that.

  • Place -보다 after the noun being compared: 사과보다 (than an apple).
  • The adjective follows the comparison: 사과보다 배가 더 커요 (Pears are bigger than apples).
  • Use '더' (more) to emphasize the comparison, though it is optional.
Noun + 보다 + (더) + Adjective

Overview

Arrêtez de chercher une terminaison spéciale pour transformer « grand » en « plus grand » ou « rapide » en « plus rapide ». En coréen, l'adjectif lui-même ne change pas de forme pour montrer la comparaison. Au lieu de cela, la grammaire repose entièrement sur l'endroit où vous placez le standard de comparaison — la partie « que ».
Si vous voulez dire « La pizza est meilleure que la salade », vous dites littéralement « Pizza, que salade, est bonne ». C'est un changement de logique, mais une fois que vous avez le rythme, c'est incroyablement cohérent. Pas de formes comparatives irrégulières comme « bon » → « meilleur » à mémoriser ici !

How This Grammar Works

La particule centrale est -보다. Pensez à -보다 comme une étiquette que vous attachez au « perdant » de la comparaison — la chose qui est *moins* que le sujet. Cela correspond au mot français « que » (dans les comparaisons).
Le mot signifie « plus ». Il est souvent placé avant l'adjectif ou le verbe pour souligner la comparaison, mais il est facultatif si la comparaison est évidente. Cependant, l'utilisation de rend votre phrase beaucoup plus naturelle et emphatique.
La structure est donc :
[Sujet] + [Standard de Comparaison]-보다 + (더) + [Adjectif/Verbe].

Formation Pattern

1
Identifiez le Standard (la chose *contre* laquelle vous comparez).
2
Attachez -보다 directement à ce nom. Pas d'espaces.
3
(Facultatif mais recommandé) Ajoutez (plus) avant l'adjectif ou le verbe final.
4
Terminez avec votre adjectif ou verbe conjugué.
5
Exemple : « Aujourd'hui est plus chaud qu'hier »
6
Sujet : 오늘 (Aujourd'hui)
7
Standard : 어제 (Hier)
8
Adjectif : 덥다 (être chaud)
9
Combinez-les :
10
오늘 + 은/이 (Particule de sujet) + 어제 + 보다 + + 덥다
11
= 오늘은 어제보다 더 더워요. (Aujourd'hui est plus chaud qu'hier.)

When To Use It

Utilisez ce modèle chaque fois que vous pesez deux choses l'une contre l'autre. Ce n'est pas seulement pour les adjectifs (être plus grand, plus petit, plus joli) ; cela fonctionne aussi avec les verbes (aimer quelque chose plus, manger plus, dormir plus).
  • Préférences : « J'aime les chats plus que les chiens. »
  • Mesures : « Ce sac est plus lourd que celui-là. »
  • Capacités : « Jisoo chante mieux que moi. »
  • Changements : « C'est plus cher que l'année dernière. »

Common Mistakes

  • Le piège de l'« Ordre Français » : Les apprenants essaient souvent de dire « Sujet + Adjectif + 보다 + Standard » parce que cela imite le français (Sujet + est plus grand + que + Standard). C'est faux. Vous devez mettre le Standard + 보다 *avant* l'adjectif.
  • 이 차는 빨라요 버스보다.
  • 이 차는 버스보다 (더) 빨라요.
  • Confondre Sujet et Standard : Comme le coréen permet un ordre des mots flexible, si vous omettez les particules, cela devient confus. Marquez toujours votre thème/sujet clairement avec 은/는 ou 이/가 pour que l'auditeur sache qui agit et contre qui on compare.
  • Trop utiliser avec 제일 : Ne mélangez pas ce modèle comparatif avec le superlatif (제일/가장 - « le plus »). 보다 est strictement pour les comparaisons 1 contre 1 ou 1 contre groupe, pas pour déclarer le meilleur absolu.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • -만큼 (Autant que) : Utilisez -만큼 lorsque deux choses sont égales. 저는 언니만큼 키가 커요 (Je suis aussi grand que ma grande sœur). Utilisez -보다 lorsqu'elles sont inégales.
  • 덜 (Moins) : signifie « plus », mais signifie « moins ». La structure de la phrase est identique. 이것은 저것보다 덜 비싸요 (Ceci est moins cher que cela).
  • -에 비해(서) (Comparé à) : C'est une façon légèrement plus formelle/écrite de dire « comparé à ». -보다 est le choix pour la conversation quotidienne parlée.

Quick FAQ

Q : Puis-je supprimer complètement ?

R: Oui ! 지하철이 버스보다 빨라요 est parfaitement correct. ajoute juste une belle emphase « plus ».

Q : Puis-je changer l'ordre du Sujet et de la Comparaison ?

R: Oui. 버스보다 지하철이 더 빨라요 (Que le bus, le métro est plus rapide) est aussi 100% naturel. Tant que -보다 est collé au bus, le sens reste le même.

Q : Comment dire « J'aime A plus que B » ?

R: Utilisez la particule d'objet 을/를 pour la chose que vous aimez. 저는 피자보다 치킨을 더 좋아해요 (J'aime le poulet plus que la pizza).

Q : Puis-je utiliser cela avec le temps passé ?

R: Absolument. 어제보다 더 많이 먹었어요 (J'ai mangé plus qu'hier).

Comparative Structure

Noun Particle Adverb(Optional) Adjective
사과
보다
커요
어제
보다
추워요
보다
똑똑해요
이것
보다
좋아요
서울
보다
복잡해요
여름
보다
더워요

Meanings

The particle -보다 is used to indicate the standard of comparison. It translates to 'than' in English.

1

Comparative standard

Establishing a baseline for comparing two items.

“이것이 저것보다 좋아요.”

“오늘이 어제보다 따뜻해요.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Comparaisons : Mieux que (-boda)
Structure Coréen Français
N + 보다
커피보다
que le café
N + 보다
어제보다
qu'hier
Phrase complète
이거보다 더 좋아요
C'est mieux que celui-ci
Avec un verbe
나보다 더 잘해요
Il/Elle fait mieux que moi
Ordre des mots
A가 B보다 더...
A est plus ... que B
Négatif (Moins)
A가 B보다 덜...
A est moins ... que B

Spectre de formalité

Formel
이것이 저것보다 더 큽니다.

이것이 저것보다 더 큽니다. (General comparison)

Neutre
이것이 저것보다 더 커요.

이것이 저것보다 더 커요. (General comparison)

Informel
이게 저것보다 더 커.

이게 저것보다 더 커. (General comparison)

Argot
이게 저거보다 훨씬 커.

이게 저거보다 훨씬 커. (General comparison)

Anatomie d'une comparaison

Comparaison

Sujet (Le gagnant)

  • 이거 Celui-ci

Standard (Le point de repère)

  • 저거보다 Que celui-là

Résultat

  • 더 좋아요 Est mieux

Ordre des mots : Français vs Coréen

Ordre Français
Sujet La pizza
Verbe est
Comp. meilleure que
Standard la salade
Ordre Coréen
Sujet Pizza
Standard salade-que
Comp. plus
Adjectif bonne

Construire sa phrase comparative

1

À quoi compares-tu ?

YES
Nom + 보다
NO
Utilise juste l'adjectif
2

Est-ce une comparaison positive (plus) ?

YES
Ajoute 더
NO
Ajoute 덜 (moins)
3

Termine la phrase

YES
Adjectif/Verbe
NO ↓

Adjectifs comparatifs courants

📏

Taille/Quantité

  • 크다 (Grand)
  • 작다 (Petit)
  • 많다 (Beaucoup)

Qualité

  • 좋다 (Bien)
  • 나쁘다 (Mauvais)
  • 재미있다 (Amusant)
🧠

Difficulté

  • 쉽다 (Facile)
  • 어렵다 (Difficile)
  • 복잡하다 (Complexe)

Exemples par niveau

1

사과보다 배가 좋아요.

I like pears more than apples.

2

오늘이 어제보다 더워요.

Today is hotter than yesterday.

3

이것보다 저것이 커요.

That is bigger than this.

4

한국어가 영어보다 쉬워요.

Korean is easier than English.

1

제 차가 친구 차보다 빨라요.

My car is faster than my friend's car.

2

서울이 부산보다 더 커요.

Seoul is bigger than Busan.

3

이 영화가 저 영화보다 재미있어요.

This movie is more interesting than that movie.

4

그 식당이 여기보다 더 맛있어요.

That restaurant is tastier than this one.

1

그는 나보다 훨씬 더 똑똑해요.

He is much smarter than me.

2

이번 시험이 지난번보다 더 어려웠어요.

This exam was harder than the last one.

3

여름이 겨울보다 활동하기 좋아요.

Summer is better for activities than winter.

4

그 제품은 가격이 다른 것보다 비싸요.

That product is more expensive than the others.

1

그의 의견은 내 생각보다 훨씬 더 합리적이에요.

His opinion is much more reasonable than my thought.

2

이 도시는 다른 곳보다 교통이 편리해요.

This city has more convenient transportation than other places.

3

기대했던 것보다 결과가 좋게 나왔어요.

The result came out better than I expected.

4

그는 예상보다 더 빨리 도착했어요.

He arrived faster than expected.

1

이론적으로는 생각보다 훨씬 복잡한 문제입니다.

Theoretically, it is a much more complex problem than I thought.

2

그의 연설은 이전보다 훨씬 더 설득력이 있었습니다.

His speech was much more persuasive than before.

3

상황이 악화되기보다 개선되고 있는 것 같아요.

It seems the situation is improving rather than worsening.

4

그는 말하기보다 듣는 것을 더 선호합니다.

He prefers listening to speaking.

1

그의 문체는 과거의 작가들보다 훨씬 더 현대적입니다.

His writing style is much more modern than that of past writers.

2

이 정책은 기존의 방식보다 효율적인 대안을 제시합니다.

This policy presents a more efficient alternative than the existing method.

3

그는 타협하기보다 자신의 신념을 지키는 것을 택했습니다.

He chose to uphold his beliefs rather than compromise.

4

이 현상은 일반적인 통념보다 더 깊은 원인이 있습니다.

This phenomenon has deeper causes than common belief.

Facile à confondre

Comparisons: Better than (-boda) vs 보다 (particle) vs 보다 (verb)

They look identical in writing.

Comparisons: Better than (-boda) vs 대신에 vs 보다

Both involve two items.

Comparisons: Better than (-boda) vs 처럼 vs 보다

Both relate two nouns.

Erreurs courantes

크다보다

사과보다 커요

Particle must follow a noun, not an adjective.

사과보다가

사과보다

Do not add subject markers to the particle.

더 사과보다

사과보다 더

The adverb '더' comes before the adjective.

사과보다 커

사과보다 커요

Missing polite ending.

사과보다 더 큰

사과보다 커요

Incomplete sentence structure.

사과보다 더 크다

사과보다 커요

Using dictionary form instead of polite form.

사과보다 더 크지

사과보다 크지 않아요

Incorrect negative formation.

사과보다 더 큰 것이에요

사과보다 커요

Over-complicating the sentence.

사과보다 더 크다 해요

사과보다 크다고 해요

Incorrect reported speech.

사과보다 더 크고

사과보다 크고

Redundant '더' in certain contexts.

사과보다 더 크기보다

사과보다 크기보다는

Incorrect grammar for 'rather than'.

사과보다 더 크는

사과보다 큰

Incorrect adjective conjugation.

사과보다 더 크다

사과보다 크다

Redundant adverb in formal writing.

Structures de phrases

___보다 ___가 더 ___요.

제 ___는 ___보다 더 ___요.

___하기보다 ___하는 것을 더 좋아해요.

생각보다 ___네요.

Real World Usage

Shopping very common

이게 저것보다 싸요.

Weather very common

오늘이 어제보다 추워요.

Social Media common

생각보다 예쁘다!

Job Interview common

이전 직장보다 더 도전적인 일을 하고 싶습니다.

Food Delivery common

다른 집보다 여기가 더 맛있어요.

Travel common

기차보다 비행기가 더 빨라요.

💡

Penser à l'envers

Ça aide de se dire 'Par rapport à X...' dès que tu vois -보다. Par exemple : «어제보다 더워요.»
⚠️

Ne traduis pas 'plus' tout seul

N'essaie pas de traduire 'plus' sans dire par rapport à quoi tu compares. Pour la clarté, utilise la structure complète : «이거보다 더 주세요.»
💬

Comparer les âges

Pour l'âge, on dit souvent 'Sujet + par rapport à l'autre + [nombre] + ans + plus/moins' : «형이 저보다 두 살 많아요.»

Smart Tips

Always put -보다 on the item you are NOT focusing on.

사과가 배보다 커요. 배가 사과보다 커요.

Add '훨씬' (much) before the adjective.

사과보다 커요. 사과보다 훨씬 커요.

Use '덜' (less) instead of '더' (more).

사과보다 더 작아요. 사과보다 덜 커요.

Use the nominalized form (verb + 기) before -보다.

먹다보다 자요. 먹기보다 자요.

Prononciation

bo-da

Linking

The 'b' sound in 보다 is clearly pronounced.

Rising

사과보다 커요? ↑

Questioning the comparison.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Boda' as 'Bo-da' (Better-than). If you want to say something is better, use 'Boda'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a scale. On one side is a small apple, on the other is a giant watermelon. The watermelon is 'bigger than' the apple. The particle -보다 is the hook connecting the two.

Rhyme

To say 'than' in Korean, just add -보다, it's the best plan.

Story

Min-su is comparing his height to his brother's. He stands next to his brother and says, 'I am taller than you!' In Korean, he says '형보다 제가 더 커요!' He uses -보다 to make sure everyone knows he is the taller one.

Word Web

비교보다차이기준상대

Défi

For the next 5 minutes, look at 3 objects around you and compare them using -보다 (e.g., 'This phone is smaller than my laptop').

Notes culturelles

Koreans often use comparisons to show modesty or to emphasize differences in social status or age.

The particle -보다 originates from the verb 보다 (to see).

Amorces de conversation

오늘 날씨가 어제보다 어때요?

한국어가 영어보다 어려워요?

서울이 부산보다 더 복잡해요?

이 영화가 기대보다 어땠어요?

Sujets d'écriture

Compare your hometown with Seoul.
Compare your favorite food with another food.
Compare your life now with your life 5 years ago.
Compare two different career paths.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct


Incorrect

Correct

Test Yourself

Complète la phrase pour dire : 'Le café est meilleur que le thé.'

커피가 차___ 더 좋아요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 보다
On compare le Café (Sujet) au Thé (Standard). La particule pour 'que' est 보다.
Quelle phrase signifie 'Le bus est plus lent que le taxi' ?

Choisis la bonne traduction :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 버스가 택시보다 더 느려요.
Sujet (Bus) + Standard (Taxi) + 보다 + Adjectif (Lent). L'option 3 inverserait le sens.
Trouve l'erreur dans cette phrase.

수박이 사과 더 커요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 수박이 사과보다 더 커요.
Tu ne peux pas oublier la particule de comparaison. Il faut coller '보다' à 'pomme' (사과).

Score: /3

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

사과___ 배가 더 커요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 보다
The particle for comparison is -보다.
Choose the correct sentence. Choix multiple

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are correct
The word order can change as long as -보다 is attached to the comparison noun.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

사과 크다보다 배가 커요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Both are correct
The particle must attach to the noun.
Transform to a comparison. Sentence Transformation

오늘이 더워요. 어제가 덜 더웠어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘이 어제보다 더워요
Today is hotter than yesterday.
Match the meaning. Match Pairs

Match the comparison.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: A
Matches 'Bigger than apple'.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 이 옷 어때요? B: 저 옷보다 ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 더 예뻐요
Adverb '더' comes before the adjective.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

한국어 / 영어 / 어렵다

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All are possible
Depends on the speaker's opinion.
True or False? True False Rule

The particle -보다 changes based on the final consonant.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
It remains -보다 regardless of the noun.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Remplis le vide : 'L'été est plus chaud que le printemps.' Texte trous

여름이 봄___ 더 더워요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 보다
Remets dans l'ordre : 'Mon grand frère est plus grand que moi.' Sentence Reorder

저 / 형이 / 키가 / 보다 / 커요

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 형이 저보다 키가 커요
Traduis '어제보다 더 많이 먹었어요.' Traduction

어제보다 더 많이 먹었어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I ate more than yesterday.
Quelle phrase est naturelle ? Choix multiple

Sélectionne la phrase correcte :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국어는 영어보다 어려워요.
Corrige la particule. Error Correction

개는 고양이 더 충성스러워요. (Les chiens sont plus fidèles que les chats)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 개는 고양이보다 더 충성스러워요.
Relie le coréen à son sens en anglais. Match Pairs

Associe les paires

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 어제보다 :: Than yesterday
Ajoute l'emphase : 'C'est BIEN mieux que ça.' Texte trous

이게 저것보다 ___ 좋아요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
Comment dis-tu 'Mon ami est plus rapide que moi' ? Choix multiple

Identifie la bonne structure.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 제 친구가 저보다 빨라요.
Le locuteur veut dire 'J'aime les films plus que les dramas'. Corrige si besoin. Error Correction

드라마보다 영화가 더 좋아요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Correct as is.
Que signifie '생각보다 비싸요' ? Traduction

생각보다 비싸요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It's more expensive than I thought.

Score: /10

FAQ (8)

No, it is always -보다.

Yes, you can use it with verb stems (e.g., 먹기보다).

No, but it makes the comparison clearer.

Use the negative form of the adjective (e.g., 사과보다 덜 커요).

Yes, it is perfectly acceptable in all registers.

They are homonyms. Context distinguishes them.

Usually, -보다 is for two items. For more, use '가장' (superlative).

Just attach -보다 to the person's name (e.g., 철수보다).

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Japanese high

yori

None, the structure is nearly identical.

Chinese moderate

bi

Word order is the main difference.

Spanish low

que

Positioning relative to the adjective.

German low

als

Syntactic placement.

French low

que

Placement.

Arabic moderate

min

Adjective morphology changes in Arabic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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