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A2 conjunction #1,800 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

그러는데

geureoneunde Top 1,800

At the A1 level, you might not use '그러는데' yourself very often, but you will hear it in simple conversations. Think of it as a way to say 'Someone said something, and...' It's like a bridge between two ideas. For example, if your mom says 'Eat your dinner,' and you want to tell your friend that, you might use a form of this word. It helps you understand that the speaker is talking about what someone else did or said before they tell you their own thought. It's a 'connecting' word that makes sentences longer and more interesting than just short, choppy ones. Even if you just recognize it as a signal that 'background info is coming,' you are doing great! Focus on the '말하다' (to speak) part of the meaning first, as that's how you'll hear it most: 'They said so, but...' This level is all about recognizing the sound and the basic 'connecting' function in very simple contexts like family, school, or basic needs.

At the A2 level, '그러는데' becomes a very useful tool for your daily speaking. You can use it to report what other people say. For instance, 'My friend says the movie is fun, but I'm tired.' In Korean, this would use '그러는데.' It's a contraction of '그렇게 말하는데.' Using this makes you sound much more like a natural speaker because you aren't just repeating short sentences. You are showing how two ideas relate to each other. You should also start to see it as a way to provide a reason for a question. 'It's raining (acting like it's raining), so do you have an umbrella?' Here, '그러는데' sets the stage. You are moving beyond just 'but' (하지만) and starting to use more nuanced connectors. Practice using it when you want to tell someone what you heard from another person. It's the 'hearsay' connector that helps you navigate social situations, relay messages, and explain why you are asking a certain question. It's a key step toward conversational fluency.

By B1, you should be comfortable using '그러는데' to manage more complex social interactions. You'll use it to soften your speech. Instead of saying 'I can't go,' you might say 'They say the meeting is at that time, so I can't go,' using '그러는데' to provide the context. This makes you sound more polite and less blunt. You should also understand the difference between '그러는데' (action/speech background) and '그런데' (state/general background). At this level, you can use it to change topics smoothly in a conversation. 'Speaking of which...' or 'By the way...' are common translations here. You'll also encounter it in the past tense '그랬는데' to talk about things that happened before. You are now using it not just to report speech, but to structure your entire narrative. It helps you link your observations with your reactions. For example, 'I saw him acting that way, and I wondered why.' This level requires you to use it to create a logical flow in your stories and explanations, making your Korean feel more cohesive and professional.

At the B2 level, you should master the subtle nuances of '그러는데.' You'll recognize that it can imply a sense of 'even though' or 'despite the fact that they say...' depending on the intonation and context. You can use it to challenge someone's statement politely: 'They say it's easy, but I find it quite difficult.' Here, '그러는데' provides the reported background which you then contrast with your own experience. You should also be able to use it in professional settings, like relaying a client's request to a team. 'The client says they want this change, so how should we proceed?' It becomes a tool for workplace communication. You'll also start to notice it in more formal contexts like news reports or interviews where someone is being quoted. Your ability to distinguish between the 'doing' (action) and 'saying' (speech) aspects of the word should be sharp. You are now using the word to manage expectations and provide sophisticated justifications for your opinions or actions in a wide variety of topics.

At the C1 level, '그러는데' is used with high precision to control the flow and tone of high-level discourse. You understand its role in indirectness, a key feature of advanced Korean. You might use it to subtly suggest a disagreement without being confrontational. You also recognize its use in literary or highly stylized speech where the 'action' being described is metaphorical. You can use it to summarize complex situations before offering a critique. 'The government says they are implementing these policies, but the public remains skeptical.' Here, '그러는데' acts as a sophisticated pivot point. You are also aware of its honorific forms and when to use the full, uncontracted versions for maximum impact or formality. Your usage is no longer just about 'connecting' but about 'framing.' You frame the entire conversation based on the background provided by '그러는데.' You can also identify when a speaker uses it to distance themselves from a statement they don't necessarily agree with, adding a layer of rhetorical complexity to your understanding.

At the C2 level, your mastery of '그러는데' is indistinguishable from a native speaker. You use it instinctively to navigate the most delicate social and professional hierarchies. You understand the historical and grammatical evolution of the word and can use it to evoke specific moods or registers. You might use it in creative writing to build tension or in high-stakes negotiations to acknowledge a counterparty's position before pivoting to your own. You are sensitive to the rhythmic role it plays in spoken Korean—how it provides a 'breather' for the listener to process the background before the main point arrives. You can analyze its use in various dialects or in archaic contexts if necessary. For you, '그러는데' is not just a word but a versatile instrument of communication that you play with perfect timing and nuance. You can explain its function to others with academic rigor, yet use it in the most casual slang with ease. It is a seamless part of your linguistic repertoire, used to create complex, multi-layered meanings in any context.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

그러는데 en 30 secondes

A contraction of '그렇게 말하는데' (saying so, but) or '그렇게 하는데' (doing so, but).
Used to report hearsay or provide background context for a following statement.
Commonly translated as 'but,' 'and,' 'by the way,' or 'they say... so.'
Essential for natural spoken Korean to bridge ideas and soften transitions.

The Korean word 그러는데 is a versatile conjunction and transitional phrase that functions as a contraction of 그렇게 하는데 (doing so, but/and) or 그렇게 말하는데 (saying so, but/and). At its core, it serves to provide background information or context before introducing a contrasting statement or a related follow-up. In English, it is most frequently translated as 'by the way,' 'but,' 'and,' or 'they say so, but...' depending on the specific nuance of the conversation.

Grammatical Origin: It combines the verb 그렇다 (to be so) or the phrase 그렇게 하다 (to do so) with the connective suffix -는데, which establishes background or contrast.

친구가 내일 영화를 보자고 그러는데, 시간이 없어요.

Translation: My friend says let's watch a movie tomorrow, but I don't have time.

This word is essential for natural-sounding Korean because it bridges the gap between what someone else has said and the speaker's own situation. It is less formal than 그런데 and carries a stronger sense of 'action' or 'speech' being the background. When you hear 그러는데, the speaker is usually referencing a prior action or statement as the reason for their current predicament or question.

다들 맵다고 그러는데, 저는 괜찮아요.

Translation: Everyone says it's spicy, but I'm fine.

Functional Usage: It is used to report hearsay (what others say) or to describe a continuous action that sets the stage for a new piece of information.

비가 오려고 그러는데 우산 있어요?

Translation: It looks like it's going to rain (is acting like it), do you have an umbrella?

In many cases, 그러는데 acts as a conversational lubricant. Instead of abruptly stating a fact, you use this to acknowledge the current state of affairs before moving to your main point. It is highly frequent in spoken Korean, especially when discussing plans, opinions, or observations made by others. Understanding this word allows you to follow the logic of Korean sentences which often prioritize context before the core message.

그 사람이 자꾸 그러는데 왜 그럴까요?

Translation: That person keeps acting like that, why would they do that?

Semantic Range: It covers reporting speech, describing ongoing behavior, and providing background for requests or questions.

컴퓨터가 안 된다고 그러는데 좀 봐 줄래?

Translation: They say the computer isn't working, can you take a look?

Using 그러는데 correctly requires understanding its role as a bridge between two clauses. It is not just a 'but' or 'and'; it is a 'background-provider.' When you use it, you are essentially saying, 'Given that [Clause A] is happening or was said, [Clause B] follows or contrasts with it.'

Grammar Rule 1: Contraction of Speech: When reporting what someone said, use -다고 그러는데. This is a shorter, more natural version of -다고 말하는데.

선생님이 숙제 하라고 그러는데 했어?

Translation: The teacher said to do the homework, did you do it?

The structure is typically [Subject] + [Indirect Quote] + 그러는데 + [Main Clause]. This is incredibly common in daily life when relaying messages. It feels less formal than using the full 말하는데 and is the standard way to talk about hearsay in casual or polite settings.

Grammar Rule 2: Describing Ongoing Situations: Use it to describe how something is 'acting' or 'behaving' right now to set up a question or request.

배가 아프다고 그러는데 병원에 가야 할까요?

Translation: (The child) says their stomach hurts, should we go to the hospital?

Notice how the first clause provides the reason for the second clause's question. This 'backgrounding' function is the most important aspect of -는데. Without it, the sentence would feel like two disconnected facts. With it, the relationship between the pain and the hospital visit is clear and logical.

Grammar Rule 3: Softening Transitions: When you want to change the subject or introduce a new topic based on something just mentioned, 그러는데 acts as 'speaking of which' or 'by the way.'

안 그래도 그러는데 우리 언제 만날까요?

Translation: I was actually thinking/acting on that, so when should we meet?

In this context, it refers back to a previous topic of conversation. It's a way of saying 'In light of what we were just discussing...' This makes the flow of conversation much smoother and more natural for native speakers. It avoids the robotic 'Next topic' feel of more formal transitions.

그쪽에서 안 된다고 그러는데 어떻게 하죠?

Translation: They (that side) say it's not possible, so what do we do?

Finally, remember that 그러는데 is primarily used for verbs or actions. If you are describing a state or quality, you might use 그런데 (from 그렇다), though in modern spoken Korean, 그러는데 is frequently used to mean 'they say it is [adjective].' Mastering this distinction will help you reach a higher level of fluency.

You will encounter 그러는데 in almost every facet of daily Korean life, from casual coffee shop chats to office environments. It is a staple of spoken language because it allows speakers to relay information efficiently while maintaining a polite, indirect tone.

Scenario 1: Relaying Messages: This is the most common use. If a colleague says they will be late, you tell your boss using 그러는데.

지민 씨가 조금 늦는다고 그러는데 먼저 시작할까요?

Translation: Jimin says she'll be a bit late, shall we start first?

In K-Dramas, you'll hear this constantly when characters are gossiping or sharing news. It provides a way to distance oneself from the information ('I'm just saying what they said') while still bringing it into the conversation. It's the linguistic equivalent of 'I heard that...' or 'They're saying...'

Scenario 2: Customer Service: Service workers use it to explain why something isn't possible or to provide background for a request.

주방에서 재료가 다 떨어졌다고 그러는데 다른 메뉴는 어떠세요?

Translation: The kitchen says they're out of ingredients, how about another menu item?

This usage highlights the 'softening' effect. By using 그러는데, the waiter is explaining the situation (the kitchen is out) as the reason for the suggestion (try something else), making the interaction feel more helpful and less like a rejection. It creates a logical flow that customers appreciate.

Scenario 3: Family and Friends: Used when discussing plans or complaining about someone's behavior in a relatable way.

동생이 자꾸 제 옷을 입는다고 그러는데 짜증 나요.

Translation: My younger sibling keeps saying they'll wear my clothes, it's annoying.

Whether you're watching a variety show, listening to a podcast, or talking to a neighbor, 그러는데 is the glue that holds many Korean sentences together. It bridges the gap between what is happening around you and how you feel about it. It's a key word for moving beyond simple sentences into more complex, natural communication.

While 그러는데 is common, it is also a frequent source of confusion for learners due to its similarity to other connectors. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Korean sound much more authentic and precise.

Mistake 1: Confusing with '그런데' (Geureonde): This is the most common error. 그런데 is 'But/By the way' (state), while 그러는데 is 'Doing/Saying so, but' (action).

❌ 날씨가 그러는데 소풍 가요? (Wrong)
✅ 날씨가 좋은데 소풍 가요? (Correct)

Use 그러는데 only when there is an implied action or speech. If you are just describing a state (like the weather), use the appropriate adjective + -ㄴ데/은데. Using 그러는데 for states makes the sentence sound like the weather is 'acting' in a certain way, which is usually not what you mean.

Mistake 2: Overusing in Formal Writing: 그러는데 is primarily a spoken contraction. In formal essays or reports, use the full forms.

❌ 전문가들이 그러는데... (Too casual)
✅ 전문가들이 말하기를... (Better for writing)

While perfectly fine for emails to colleagues, 그러는데 can feel a bit too 'chatty' for academic or official documents. Stick to 그렇게 말하고 있으나 or 그렇게 행해지고 있지만 to maintain a professional tone. This distinction is vital for TOPIK writing exams.

Mistake 3: Tense Mismatch: Learners often forget to use the past tense 그랬는데 when the action or speech happened in the past.

❌ 어제 친구가 그러는데... (Wrong if the action is over)
✅ 어제 친구가 그랬는데... (Correct for past events)

If the friend *said* it yesterday, use 그랬는데. Use 그러는데 only if the situation is ongoing or if you are reporting a general fact that is still true. Mixing these up can confuse the timeline of your story for the listener.

To master 그러는데, you must understand how it relates to other common Korean conjunctions. Each has a specific 'flavor' and situational use.

그러는데 vs. 그런데 (Geureonde): 그러는데: Focuses on an action or speech (doing/saying so).
그런데: Focuses on a state or general transition (it is so, but...).

- 그가 오겠다고 그러는데 (He says he'll come...)
- 그가 왔어요. 그런데 바로 갔어요. (He came. But he left immediately.)

그런데 is much broader and can start a sentence. 그러는데 is usually embedded within a sentence or refers specifically to a preceding action.

그러는데 vs. 하지만 (Hajiman): 그러는데: Provides background and contrast (soft).
하지만: Direct contrast (strong 'But').

- 배가 고프다고 그러는데 밥 줄까? (They say they're hungry, shall I give food?)
- 배가 고파요. 하지만 참을 거예요. (I'm hungry. But I will endure it.)

하지만 is used for strong contradictions. 그러는데 is more about setting the scene. If you use 하지만, you are emphasizing the opposition. If you use 그러는데, you are emphasizing the context.

그러는데 vs. 그러니까 (Geureonikka): 그러는데: Background/Contrast.
그러니까: Cause/Result (Therefore/So).

- 비가 온다고 그러는데 나가지 마. (They say it'll rain, so don't go out - background).
- 비가 와요. 그러니까 우산 가져가세요. (It's raining. Therefore, take an umbrella - direct cause).

While 그러는데 can sometimes imply a reason, 그러니까 is much more forceful about the 'why.' Use 그러니까 when you want to be very clear about the logical consequence of something.

How Formal Is It?

Formel

Niveau de difficulté

Grammaire à connaître

Exemples par niveau

엄마가 오라고 그러는데 가요.

Mom says to come, so I'm going.

Simple report of speech.

친구가 놀자고 그러는데 안 돼요.

My friend says let's play, but I can't.

Contrast between a request and reality.

배가 고프다고 그러는데 밥 먹어요.

They say they're hungry, so let's eat.

Background for an action.

비가 온다고 그러는데 우산 있어요?

They say it's going to rain, do you have an umbrella?

Background for a question.

선생님이 공부하라고 그러는데 해요.

The teacher says to study, so I'm doing it.

Following an instruction.

동생이 울고 그러는데 왜 그래요?

My sibling is crying and acting like that, why?

Describing an ongoing action.

다들 좋다고 그러는데 저도 좋아요.

Everyone says it's good, so I like it too.

Agreeing with reported opinion.

누나가 기다린다고 그러는데 빨리 가요.

My sister says she's waiting, so go quickly.

Reason for urgency.

친구가 내일 영화 보자고 그러는데 갈래?

My friend says let's see a movie tomorrow, do you want to go?

Reporting a suggestion to a third party.

주말에 비가 온다고 그러는데 여행 갈 수 있을까?

They say it'll rain this weekend, can we go on the trip?

Expressing doubt based on background info.

엄마가 마트 가자고 그러는데 같이 갈래?

Mom says let's go to the mart, want to come along?

Inviting someone based on a previous request.

컴퓨터가 고장 났다고 그러는데 좀 봐 줘.

They say the computer is broken, please take a look.

Requesting help based on a reported problem.

그 사람이 자꾸 전화한다고 그러는데 누구야?

They say that person keeps calling, who is it?

Asking for identity based on reported behavior.

선생님이 숙제 많다고 그러는데 진짜야?

The teacher says there's a lot of homework, is it true?

Confirming hearsay.

동생이 아프다고 그러는데 약 좀 사다 줘.

My sibling says they're sick, please buy some medicine.

Requesting an errand based on background.

다들 맵다고 그러는데 저는 하나도 안 매워요.

Everyone says it's spicy, but it's not spicy at all to me.

Contrasting personal experience with hearsay.

지민 씨가 오늘 못 온다고 그러는데 회의를 미룰까요?

Jimin says she can't come today, shall we postpone the meeting?

Professional suggestion based on background info.

그 영화가 아주 슬프다고 그러는데 손수건 챙겨야겠어.

They say that movie is very sad, I should bring a handkerchief.

Planning based on reported qualities.

아까부터 전화벨이 울리고 그러는데 왜 안 받아?

The phone has been ringing and acting like that for a while, why aren't you answering?

Questioning behavior based on observation.

부모님이 고향으로 내려오라고 그러는데 고민 중이에요.

My parents say I should come down to my hometown, so I'm thinking about it.

Describing a dilemma caused by a request.

사장님이 직접 확인하신다고 그러는데 준비 다 됐나요?

The boss says he'll check it himself, is everything ready?

Checking readiness based on a superior's statement.

날씨가 풀린다고 그러는데 내일부터는 덜 춥겠지?

They say the weather will clear up, so it'll be less cold from tomorrow, right?

Making a hopeful prediction based on hearsay.

옆집에서 시끄럽다고 그러는데 좀 조용히 하자.

The neighbors say it's noisy, so let's be quiet.

Suggesting a change in behavior based on feedback.

친구가 그 옷이 잘 어울린다고 그러는데 살까 말까?

My friend says those clothes suit me, should I buy them or not?

Indecision based on a compliment.

전문가들이 경제가 좋아질 거라고 그러는데 체감은 안 되네요.

Experts say the economy will improve, but I don't feel it.

Contrasting expert opinion with personal reality.

기상청에서는 비가 안 온다고 그러는데 하늘이 심상치 않아요.

The weather bureau says it won't rain, but the sky looks unusual.

Doubt based on observation vs. official report.

그 사람이 자꾸 말을 바꾼다고 그러는데 믿어도 될까요?

They say that person keeps changing their word, can I trust them?

Questioning credibility based on reported behavior.

팀장님이 프로젝트 방향을 바꾼다고 그러는데 다들 당황했어요.

The team leader says they're changing the project direction, so everyone was flustered.

Describing a collective reaction to a statement.

아이들이 밖에서 놀고 싶어 그러는데 미세먼지가 너무 심해요.

The kids want to play outside (are acting like it), but the fine dust is too bad.

Conflict between desire and environmental factors.

그곳 분위기가 아주 좋다고 그러는데 예약하기가 힘들대요.

They say the atmosphere there is great, but they say it's hard to book.

Combining two pieces of hearsay with contrast.

친구가 그 책이 인생작이라고 그러는데 저한테는 좀 지루했어요.

My friend says that book is their life's work (best ever), but it was a bit boring for me.

Subjective contrast with a strong recommendation.

의사 선생님이 운동을 꼭 해야 한다고 그러는데 실천이 안 되네요.

The doctor says I must exercise, but I'm not putting it into practice.

Failure to follow professional advice.

정부에서는 물가가 안정되었다고 그러는데 서민들의 삶은 여전히 팍팍합니다.

The government says prices have stabilized, but the lives of ordinary people are still tough.

Socio-political contrast using reported speech.

그 학설이 타당하다고 그러는데 반대 의견도 만만치 않습니다.

They say that theory is valid, but opposing opinions are also significant.

Academic debate framing.

사람들은 그가 천재라고 그러는데 사실은 엄청난 노력파예요.

People say he's a genius, but in fact, he's a person of immense effort.

Correcting a common misconception.

회사 측에서는 보상안을 마련하겠다고 그러는데 노조 측은 회의적입니다.

The company says they will prepare a compensation plan, but the union is skeptical.

Formal reporting of conflicting positions.

역사학자들은 그 사건이 필연적이었다고 그러는데 저는 우연이라고 생각해요.

Historians say that event was inevitable, but I think it was a coincidence.

Personal philosophical disagreement with experts.

매체에서는 연일 호재라고 그러는데 투자자들은 신중한 모습입니다.

The media says it's good news day after day, but investors are appearing cautious.

Contrasting media narrative with market behavior.

그 작가가 신작을 발표한다고 그러는데 문학계의 기대가 큽니다.

They say the author is releasing a new work, so expectations in the literary world are high.

Describing a widespread reaction to news.

기술이 인간을 대체할 거라고 그러는데 결국 인간의 창의성이 중요해질 거예요.

They say technology will replace humans, but ultimately human creativity will become important.

Futuristic prediction contrasting with reported fears.

고전에서는 무위자연을 강조하고 그러는데 현대 사회에서 실천하기란 쉽지 않죠.

Classics emphasize 'wu wei' (natural non-action) and such, but it's not easy to practice in modern society.

Philosophical discussion using '그러는데' as a generalizer.

그가 결백하다고 그러는데 정황 증거들은 다른 방향을 가리키고 있습니다.

He says he is innocent, but the circumstantial evidence points in a different direction.

Legal context contrasting testimony with evidence.

우주는 팽창하고 그러는데 그 끝이 어디인지는 아무도 모릅니다.

The universe is expanding and all that, but no one knows where its end is.

Scientific fact as background for a mystery.

평론가들은 이 영화가 포스트모더니즘의 정수라고 그러는데 관객들은 외면하고 있어요.

Critics say this movie is the essence of postmodernism, but audiences are turning away.

Contrasting critical acclaim with commercial failure.

운명이 정해져 있다고 그러는데 저는 개척하는 것이라고 믿습니다.

They say fate is predetermined, but I believe it is something to be forged.

Existential statement against reported belief.

세월이 약이라고 그러는데 잊히지 않는 아픔도 있는 법이죠.

They say time is medicine, but there are pains that are never forgotten.

Challenging a common proverb.

유전자가 모든 것을 결정한다고 그러는데 환경의 영향도 무시할 수 없습니다.

They say genes determine everything, but the influence of the environment cannot be ignored.

Scientific debate on nature vs. nurture.

그는 늘 원칙을 고수한다고 그러는데 이번 결정은 의외네요.

He says he always sticks to principles, so this decision is unexpected.

Highlighting hypocrisy or inconsistency.

Collocations courantes

안 그래도 그러는데

다들 그러는데

자꾸 그러는데

오라고 그러는데

한다고 그러는데

없다고 그러는데

좋다고 그러는데

안 된다고 그러는데

가자고 그러는데

보자고 그러는데

Phrases Courantes

뭐라고 그러는데?

안 그래도 그러는데 잘됐다.

다들 좋다고 그러는데 왜 그래?

친구가 그러는데...

선생님이 그러는데...

비가 오려고 그러는데...

배가 아프다고 그러는데...

못 간다고 그러는데...

맞다고 그러는데...

아니라고 그러는데...

Souvent confondu avec

그러는데 vs 그런데

그러는데 vs 그러니까

그러는데 vs 그래서

Expressions idiomatiques

Facile à confondre

그러는데 vs 그런데

Focuses on state/general transition.

그러는데 vs 그러는데

Focuses on action/speech background.

Structures de phrases

Comment l'utiliser

nuance

Can imply 'I'm just saying what I heard, don't blame me.'

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation.

flexibility

Can be used with almost any verb or adjective.

Erreurs courantes

Using it for states (weather, feelings) without the '-다고' quote.
Using it at the very beginning of a conversation without context.
Forgetting the past tense '그랬는데' for past events.
Using it in formal academic writing.
Confusing it with '그러니까' (therefore).

Astuces

Check the Verb

Ensure you are referring to an action or speech when using '그러는데'.

Natural Flow

Use it to avoid short, robotic sentences.

Identify Hearsay

When you hear '그러는데', expect the speaker to relay information from someone else.

Dialogue Master

Use it in scripts to make characters sound like real people.

Be Indirect

Use it to soften a 'no' by providing a background reason first.

Contraction Power

Remember it's a shortcut for '말하는데'.

TOPIK Tip

Look for the contrast in the second clause.

Topic Shifter

Use '안 그래도 그러는데' to smoothly change the subject.

Action Focus

Associate '그러' with 'doing/saying'.

Polite Pivot

It's the perfect way to pivot a conversation politely.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Middle Korean

Contexte culturel

It is a polite way to introduce a disagreement.

Reflects the Korean preference for indirect communication.

Helps avoid blunt rejections by providing a reason first.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"누가 그러는데 여기가 맛있대요."

"안 그래도 그러는데 우리 내일 만날까요?"

"다들 그러는데 그 영화 어때요?"

"선생님이 그러는데 시험이 어렵대요."

"친구가 그러는데 서울 날씨 어때요?"

Sujets d'écriture

Write about a time someone said something to you using '그러는데'.

Describe a situation where you had to relay a message.

Contrast what people say about a place with your own experience.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No. '그런데' is more general ('but/by the way'), while '그러는데' specifically refers to an action or something said ('they say/do so, but').

Usually, no. It's a connector. Use '그런데' to start a sentence. '그러는데' needs a preceding context.

The past tense is '그랬는데' (they said/did so, but...).

Yes, it's standard polite Korean. It's softer than using '하지만' (but).

Not always. It can also mean 'and' or 'by the way' when providing background.

Yes, in the form '-다고 그러는데' (they say it is [adjective], but...).

Yes, of '그렇게 하는데' or '그렇게 말하는데'.

Avoid it in very formal writing like academic papers or official reports.

It can, depending on the context. It often sets up a contrast with the speaker's own view.

Yes, frequently in the listening and reading sections to show transitions.