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B1 noun #7,000 よく出る 8分で読める

استئناف

isti'naf 上位7,000

練習する例文メモとヒント استئناف 30秒で

解説 استئناف in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'استئناف' (Isti'naf) often. Instead, you use simple words like 'start' (بدأ - bada'a) or 'again' (مرة أخرى - marra ukhra). However, it is good to recognize it as a word that means 'starting something again.' Think of it like the 'Resume' button on a video player or a game. When you pause a movie and then press play, you are 'resuming' it. In Arabic, that action is called 'Isti'naf.' You might see it on signs in a building if work is starting again, or hear it on the news. It is a big word, so don't worry about using it in your own sentences yet. Just remember: Isti'naf = Restart.

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At the A2 level, you are beginning to talk about your routine and work. 'استئناف' (Isti'naf) is useful when you want to say you are going back to your studies or job after a holiday. For example, 'Isti'naf al-dirasa' means 'resuming studies.' You should know that this word is more formal than just saying 'starting.' It is the kind of word you see in a newspaper or an official email from your school. It is always a noun (a thing), not a verb (an action). If you want to use the action, you would say 'I want to resume' (أريد استئناف - uridu isti'naf). It helps you sound more like a serious student of Arabic.

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For B1 learners, 'استئناف' (Isti'naf) is a key vocabulary item. You should be able to use it in two main ways. First, in business and logistics: 'resuming work' or 'resuming negotiations.' Second, you must know its legal meaning: 'appeal.' If you are reading news articles in Arabic, you will see this word constantly. It usually follows the pattern 'Isti'naf + [Noun].' You should also recognize its root (A-N-F), which relates to the 'nose' or 'front.' This level requires you to understand that 'Isti'naf' implies there was a previous interruption. It is not just a beginning; it is a 're-beginning.'

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'استئناف' in complex sentences and understanding its nuances in different registers. You should know phrases like 'Mahkamat al-Isti'naf' (Court of Appeal) and 'Haqq al-Isti'naf' (Right to Appeal). You should also be able to distinguish it from synonyms like 'Istimrar' (continuation) or 'Istikmal' (completion). At this level, you should also be aware of the verb form 'استأنف' (ista'nafa - to resume) and how to conjugate it in the past and present tenses. Your usage should reflect an understanding of formal Arabic (Fusha) style, where 'Isti'naf' is preferred over more colloquial expressions.

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C1 learners must master the technical and rhetorical uses of 'استئناف.' In legal Arabic, you should understand the specific procedures involved in an 'Isti'naf'—such as the time limits for filing and the grounds required. In literature or high-level journalism, 'Isti'naf' can be used metaphorically to describe the resumption of historical trends or cultural movements. You should also be familiar with the grammatical nuances, such as using it as a 'Masdar' in various syntactic positions (subject, object, or after prepositions). You should be able to write professional reports or legal summaries using this word with perfect accuracy in spelling and context.

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At the C2 level, 'استئناف' is a word you use with total precision in specialized fields. In legal scholarship, you would discuss 'Isti'naf' in the context of comparative law or Sharia jurisprudence. You would understand its role in the hierarchy of the judiciary and the philosophical implications of 're-opening' a case. Linguistically, you can appreciate the etymological connection between 'Anf' (nose) and 'Isti'naf' as a reflection of how Arabic conceptualizes time and priority. You are expected to use the word in academic writing, legal briefs, or high-level diplomatic correspondence without any hesitation, demonstrating a native-like grasp of its formal weight and semantic boundaries.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

استئناف 30秒で

Means 'resumption' or 'restart' of an action after a pause.
Specifically used in law to mean 'appeal' in a court of law.
A formal noun (Masdar) used frequently in news, business, and legal contexts.
Derived from the root A-N-F (nose), symbolizing the 'front' or 'beginning'.

The Arabic word استئناف (Isti'nāf) is a sophisticated noun that bridges the gap between everyday logistical language and technical legal terminology. At its core, it refers to the act of beginning something again after it has been interrupted, paused, or stopped. For an English speaker, the closest equivalents are 'resumption,' 'recommencement,' or 'restart.' However, in a legal context, it specifically refers to an 'appeal'—the process of asking a higher court to review a decision made by a lower court. This duality makes it a crucial word for intermediate learners (B1 and above) who are moving from basic communication to understanding news, professional environments, and formal documentation.

Daily Life Usage: In daily conversation, you might hear this word when discussing the return to work after a long holiday or the continuation of a project that was put on hold due to lack of funding. It implies a conscious decision to pick up where things left off.

تم الإعلان عن استئناف الرحلات الجوية بين البلدين بعد توقف دام شهوراً.
— The resumption of flights between the two countries was announced after a months-long hiatus.

Legal Context: In the judiciary system, 'Mahkamat al-Isti'naf' (Court of Appeal) is the second level of litigation. Here, the word takes on a formal weight, representing the right of a citizen to challenge a preliminary ruling.

The word is derived from the root 'A-N-F' (أ-ن-ف), which literally means 'nose.' In Arabic linguistic logic, the nose is the 'front' or the 'beginning' of the face. Therefore, 'Isti'naf' is the seeking of a new beginning or putting something back at the front. This imagery helps learners visualize the concept of moving forward again after a period of stagnation.

قرر المحامي تقديم طلب استئناف ضد الحكم الصادر.
— The lawyer decided to file an appeal against the issued verdict.

Diplomatic Nuance: Politically, 'Isti'naf al-hiwar' (resumption of dialogue) is a common phrase used when two conflicting parties agree to meet again. It suggests hope and a break in a previous deadlock.

Whether you are reading a business contract, listening to Al Jazeera, or discussing your study plans after a break, 'Isti'naf' provides the necessary precision to describe the act of restarting. It is more formal than 'bad' (starting) and more specific than 'takmila' (completion).

Using استئناف correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a verbal noun (Masdar). It usually functions as the subject or object of a sentence, or as part of an 'Idafa' (possessive construction) where it is followed by the thing being resumed.

The Idafa Structure: The most common way to use this word is: 'Isti'naf + [Noun]'. For example, 'Isti'naf al-dirasa' (Resumption of studies). Note that the second word takes the genitive case (kasra).

ننتظر استئناف العمل في المشروع الأسبوع القادم.
— We are waiting for the resumption of work on the project next week.

When used in a legal sense, it often follows verbs like 'qaddama' (to submit) or 'rafa'a' (to raise/file). For instance, 'qaddama isti'nafan' (he filed an appeal). In this case, it can stand alone if the context of the court is already established.

As a Subject: You can place it at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the action of restarting. 'Isti'naf al-mufawadat daruri' (The resumption of negotiations is necessary).

هل تم قبول طلب الـاستئناف الذي قدمته؟
— Was the appeal request you submitted accepted?

In more advanced writing, you might see it used with the preposition 'li-' (for). 'Istakhdama al-muhami thaghratan li-isti'naf al-hukm' (The lawyer used a loophole to appeal the verdict). Here, it shows the purpose behind an action.

بعد العطلة، سنبدأ بـاستئناف دروس اللغة العربية.
— After the holiday, we will begin resuming the Arabic language lessons.

Common Contexts: 1. Sports: Resuming a match after rain. 2. Business: Resuming production. 3. Law: Appealing a sentence. 4. Education: Resuming a semester.

By mastering these patterns, you can transition from saying 'start again' (ibda' marra ukhra) to the more professional 'isti'naf', which will significantly elevate your Arabic register.

If you turn on any major Arabic news channel like Al Arabiya or Al Jazeera, you are likely to hear استئناف within the first fifteen minutes. It is a staple of 'Fusha' (Modern Standard Arabic) broadcasting. News anchors use it to report on geopolitical shifts, such as the resumption of diplomatic ties between nations or the restart of peace talks in conflict zones.

The Courtroom and Crime Dramas: Arabic legal dramas are very popular, and the 'Isti'naf' phase is often the climax of the story. You will hear characters shouting about their right to appeal or lawyers explaining the grounds for an 'Isti'naf'. It carries a sense of hope for the protagonist.

محكمة الـاستئناف تنظر في القضية اليوم.
— The Court of Appeal is reviewing the case today.

In the corporate world, during board meetings or project updates, managers use this word to signal the end of a delay. If a project was 'frozen' (mujamad) due to budget cuts, the manager might announce the 'Isti'naf' of operations once the budget is approved. It sounds more decisive and authoritative than 'ruju'' (return).

Academic and Institutional Announcements: Universities use this word in official emails to students. For example, 'Isti'naf al-muhadarat' (Resumption of lectures) is a common subject line after a strike or a public holiday. It signals a return to the formal schedule.

أعلنت الشركة عن استئناف إنتاج النفط في الحقول الشمالية.
— The company announced the resumption of oil production in the northern fields.

Even in sports commentary, if a match is paused due to crowd trouble or weather, the commentator will say 'Sayatimma isti'naf al-mubarah ba'da qalil' (The match will be resumed shortly). In all these contexts, the word functions as a bridge between a state of 'stop' and a state of 'action'.

One of the most frequent errors learners make with استئناف is confusing it with other 'starting' words like 'bidaya' (beginning) or 'intilaq' (launch/start). While they are related, 'Isti'naf' *must* imply that something happened before the pause. You cannot 'Isti'naf' a project that has never started; you can only 'Isti'naf' something that was previously active.

Mistake 1: Misusing the Legal Context: Learners often say 'Isti'naf' when they mean 'Tamyiz' (Cassation). In many Arab legal systems, 'Isti'naf' is the first level of appeal, while 'Tamyiz' is the final high court appeal. Using them interchangeably is a technical error.

Incorrect: أريد استئناف الكتاب من الصفحة الأولى.
Correct: أريد استئناف القراءة من حيث توقفت.
— You don't 'resume' a book from page one (that's a restart); you 'resume' reading from where you stopped.

Another mistake involves the preposition. While 'Isti'naf' is often followed directly by a noun in an Idafa, some learners try to use 'fi' (in) or 'bi' (with) unnecessarily. For example, saying 'Isti'naf fi al-amal' is less common and often grammatically weaker than 'Isti'naf al-amal'.

Spelling Errors: The 'Hamza' on the 'Ya' (ئ) is a common stumbling block. Because it is preceded by a 'Kasra' (implied by the 'i' sound of Form X), the Hamza sits on a 'chair' (ئ). Writing it on the line or on an Alif is a common spelling mistake.

Lastly, don't confuse 'Isti'naf' with 'Istimrar' (continuation). 'Istimrar' means doing something without stopping. 'Isti'naf' explicitly requires a stop to have occurred. If you are still working and haven't paused, you are in a state of 'Istimrar', not 'Isti'naf'.

To truly understand استئناف, it helps to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning depending on the context of the 'restart'.

مواصلة (Muwasalat): Meaning: Continuation. While 'Isti'naf' focuses on the moment of restarting, 'Muwasalat' focuses on the ongoing process after the restart. Example: 'Muwasalat al-juhud' (Continuing the efforts).
استكمال (Istikmal): Meaning: Completion. This is used when you resume something specifically to finish it. 'Isti'naf' is more general about the act of starting again, whereas 'Istikmal' implies there is a final goal in sight.

Comparison Table:
Word Nuance
استئناف Formal restart after a break (Legal/Official)
إعادة تشغيل Technical restart (Machines/Computers)
متابعة Follow-up or continuing a sequence

Word	Nuance
استئناف	Formal restart after a break (Legal/Official)
إعادة تشغيل	Technical restart (Machines/Computers)
متابعة	Follow-up or continuing a sequence

In a legal context, 'Isti'naf' is unique. There are no direct synonyms that carry the same legal weight. You cannot use 'Muwasalat' in court to mean an appeal. This makes 'Isti'naf' a 'terminological' word—one that is fixed within a specific field.

For more informal settings, people might use the verb 'raja'' (to return). 'Raja'na lil-shughl' (We returned to work). However, in writing, 'Isti'naf' remains the gold standard for professionalism and clarity.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

ニュートラル

カジュアル

Child friendly

スラング

豆知識

Because the nose is at the front, the word 'Anifan' (آنفاً) means 'previously' (the part that came before). 'Isti'naf' uses the Form X prefix (st-), which often means 'seeking' or 'requesting.' So, 'Isti'naf' literally means 'seeking the beginning again.'

発音ガイド

UK /ɪstiːˈnɑːf/

US /ɪstiːˈnæf/

Primary stress is on the third syllable: is-ti-NAAF.

韻が合う語

Insaaf (Justice) I'tiraf (Confession) Ikhtilaf (Difference) Asnaf (Kinds) Ahdaf (Goals) Atraf (Parties/Sides) Khaaf (Scared) Tawaaf (Circumambulation)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 'i' at the beginning as a strong 'A'. It should be a light 'i' sound (Hamzat Wasl).
Skipping the 't' sound and saying 'is-inaaf'.
Shortening the long 'aa' sound in 'naaf'.
Pronouncing the 's' as a 'z'.
Failing to pronounce the 'f' clearly at the end.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize in news headlines due to its distinct shape.

ライティング 4/5

The Hamza on the 'Ya' (ئ) can be tricky for beginners.

スピーキング 3/5

Clear pronunciation, but requires practice with the long vowels.

リスニング 3/5

Distinctive 'st' and 'aaf' sounds make it easy to spot in speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

بدأ (To start) توقف (To stop) محكمة (Court) عمل (Work) قرار (Decision)

次に学ぶ

نقض (Cassation/Overturning) طعن (Challenge/Appeal) مرافعة (Pleading) حكم (Verdict) تنفيذ (Execution/Implementation)

上級

استئنافية (Appellate nature) مستأنف ضده (Appellee) درجات التقاضي (Levels of litigation)

知っておくべき文法

Form X Verbal Nouns (Masdar)

استفعال (Istif'al) -> استئناف (Isti'naf)

Idafa Construction (Possessive)

استئنافُ العملِ (The resumption of work)

Hamza on Ya (ئ)

The hamza is written on a 'chair' because of the preceding kasra.

Definite vs Indefinite Nouns

الاستئناف (The appeal) vs استئناف (An appeal)

Prepositions with Masdars

الرغبة في استئناف... (The desire to resume...)

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レベル別の例文

استئناف اللعبة الآن.

Resuming the game now.

Simple noun usage as a command or announcement.

بعد الاستراحة، استئناف العمل.

After the break, resumption of work.

Used after a prepositional phrase.

هل يمكننا استئناف الفيديو؟

Can we resume the video?

Used as the object of 'can' (yumkinuna).

استئناف الرحلة غداً.

Resumption of the trip tomorrow.

Noun showing future intent.

موعد استئناف الحصة.

The time for resuming the class.

Idafa construction (Time of resumption).

أريد استئناف القراءة.

I want to resume reading.

Direct object of 'want'.

توقف ثم استئناف.

Stop then resume.

Contrast between two nouns.

الاستئناف سهل.

Resuming is easy.

Subject of a nominal sentence.

متى يتم استئناف الدراسة؟

When will studies resume?

Passive structure with 'yatam' (is completed/done).

قررنا استئناف الاجتماع بعد الغداء.

We decided to resume the meeting after lunch.

Object of the verb 'qarrara' (decided).

استئناف الرحلات الجوية مهم جداً.

The resumption of flights is very important.

Idafa as the subject of the sentence.

يجب استئناف التدريب اليوم.

Training must be resumed today.

Subject of 'yajib' (must).

أعلن المدير عن استئناف العمل.

The manager announced the resumption of work.

Used after the preposition 'an'.

هل هذا قرار استئناف؟

Is this a decision to resume?

Idafa construction (Decision of resumption).

ننتظر استئناف الموسم الرياضي.

We are waiting for the sports season to resume.

Direct object of 'nantadhir' (we wait).

استئناف الحوار بين الأصدقاء.

Resumption of dialogue between friends.

Noun phrase.

تم قبول طلب الاستئناف في المحكمة.

The appeal request was accepted in court.

Legal context: 'Isti'naf' as 'Appeal'.

سيتم استئناف المفاوضات في القاهرة.

Negotiations will be resumed in Cairo.

Future passive structure.

المحامي يجهز أوراق الاستئناف.

The lawyer is preparing the appeal papers.

Idafa: 'Papers of appeal'.

استئناف الإنتاج سيقلل من الخسائر.

Resuming production will reduce losses.

Verbal noun as a subject.

هناك أمل في استئناف عملية السلام.

There is hope for the resumption of the peace process.

Used after 'fi' (in).

قدم السجين طلباً للاستئناف.

The prisoner submitted a request for appeal.

Used with 'li-' (for).

تأخر استئناف الرحلات بسبب الطقس.

The resumption of flights was delayed due to the weather.

Subject of the verb 'ta'akhara' (was delayed).

نبحث عن طرق لاستئناف التعاون.

We are looking for ways to resume cooperation.

Infinitive-like usage with 'li-'.

رفضت محكمة الاستئناف الطعن المقدم.

The Court of Appeal rejected the submitted challenge.

Specific legal term: 'Mahkamat al-Isti'naf'.

يعد استئناف العلاقات الدبلوماسية خطوة إيجابية.

Resuming diplomatic relations is considered a positive step.

Passive verb 'yu'ad' (is considered).

لا يمكن استئناف العمل دون ميزانية.

Work cannot be resumed without a budget.

Negative modal 'la yumkin' (cannot).

أدت الضغوط الدولية إلى استئناف الحوار.

International pressure led to the resumption of dialogue.

Resultative structure with 'adda ila'.

حكمت المحكمة بجواز الاستئناف.

The court ruled the admissibility of the appeal.

Legal terminology 'jawaz' (admissibility).

استئناف النشاط الرياضي يتطلب إجراءات صحية.

Resuming sports activity requires health measures.

Complex subject phrase.

يجب تقديم الاستئناف خلال ثلاثين يوماً.

The appeal must be submitted within thirty days.

Time limit expression.

استئناف البناء سيوفر فرص عمل جديدة.

Resuming construction will provide new job opportunities.

Future tense verb 'sayuwaffir'.

تعتبر محكمة الاستئناف درجة ثانية من درجات التقاضي.

The Court of Appeal is considered the second level of litigation.

Technical legal definition.

أثار قرار استئناف التنقيب عن الغاز جدلاً واسعاً.

The decision to resume gas exploration sparked widespread controversy.

Verb 'athara' (sparked/raised).

تمسك الدفاع بحقه في استئناف الحكم الابتدائي.

The defense held onto its right to appeal the preliminary ruling.

Phrase 'tamassaka bi-haqqihi' (held onto his right).

إن استئناف العملية السياسية مرهون بتنفيذ الاتفاق.

The resumption of the political process is contingent upon the implementation of the agreement.

Complex conditional structure 'marhun bi-'.

لا بد من استئناف الجهود الإنسانية في المناطق المنكوبة.

It is necessary to resume humanitarian efforts in the disaster-stricken areas.

Modal 'la budda min' (must/necessary).

شكل استئناف التبادل التجاري دفعة قوية للاقتصاد.

The resumption of trade exchange formed a strong boost to the economy.

Verb 'shakkala' (formed/constituted).

استئناف الحديث عن الإصلاح يتطلب إرادة حقيقية.

Resuming talk about reform requires real will.

Abstract noun usage.

تضمن التقرير توصية بـاستئناف الدعم المالي.

The report included a recommendation to resume financial support.

Noun 'tawsiya' (recommendation).

يتجلى في استئناف الخصومة القضائية تعقيد المسارات القانونية.

The complexity of legal paths is manifested in the resumption of judicial litigation.

Elevated style using 'yatajalla' (is manifested).

إن استئناف النظر في هذه الفلسفات قد يغير رؤيتنا للعالم.

Resuming the consideration of these philosophies might change our worldview.

Philosophical/Abstract context.

يعد الاستئناف ضمانة أساسية من ضمانات المحاكمة العادلة.

Appeal is considered a fundamental guarantee of a fair trial.

Human rights/Legal philosophy context.

توقف المسار الديمقراطي ثم استئنافه يعكس حيوية المجتمع.

The halting of the democratic path and its subsequent resumption reflects the vitality of society.

Parallel noun structure.

استئناف العمل بمقتضى هذه المادة يتطلب مرسوماً رئاسياً.

Resuming work under this article requires a presidential decree.

Highly technical administrative language.

لا مناص من استئناف المواجهة الفكرية مع التيارات المتطرفة.

There is no escape from resuming the intellectual confrontation with extremist currents.

Idiomatic 'la manasa min' (no escape from).

إن استئناف الحياة الطبيعية بعد الكوارث هو انتصار للإرادة البشرية.

The resumption of normal life after disasters is a victory for human will.

Rhetorical/Empathetic style.

يرتبط استئناف النمو الاقتصادي باستقرار الأسواق العالمية.

The resumption of economic growth is linked to the stability of global markets.

Verb 'yartabitu' (is linked/associated).

類義語

مواصلة متابعة تجديد إعادة

反対語

توقف إنهاء تعليق

よく使う組み合わせ

استئناف العمل

محكمة الاستئناف

استئناف المفاوضات

طلب استئناف

استئناف الرحلات

استئناف الدراسة

استئناف الحكم

استئناف النشاط

استئناف الحوار

قرار الاستئناف

よく使うフレーズ

في انتظار الاستئناف

— Waiting for the resumption. Used when a process is currently on hold.

المشروع متوقف في انتظار الاستئناف.

حق الاستئناف

— The right to appeal. A fundamental legal right in many systems.

القانون يضمن حق الاستئناف للجميع.

مهلة الاستئناف

— The appeal period. The specific timeframe allowed to file an appeal.

انتهت مهلة الاستئناف المحددة.

لائحة الاستئناف

— Appeal brief or memorandum. The document containing the grounds for appeal.

كتب المحامي لائحة الاستئناف بدقة.

استئناف الحكم غيابياً

— Appealing a verdict in absentia. When a judgment is made without the defendant present.

يمكنك استئناف الحكم غيابياً.

إعادة الاستئناف

— Re-appealing. A rare but possible legal move in complex cases.

طلب إعادة الاستئناف رُفض.

بعد استئناف الجلسة

— After the session resumed. Used in parliaments or courtrooms.

تحدث العضو بعد استئناف الجلسة.

استئناف فوري

— Immediate resumption. When something starts again without delay.

نطالب بالاستئناف الفوري للخدمات.

شروط الاستئناف

— Conditions for resumption. Requirements that must be met to restart.

ما هي شروط استئناف العمل؟

استئناف جزئي

— Partial resumption. When only some parts of a project restart.

تم الإعلان عن استئناف جزئي للإنتاج.

よく混同される語

استئناف vs بداية (Bidayah)

Bidayah is the very first start. Isti'naf is starting again after a pause.

استئناف vs استمرار (Istimrar)

Istimrar is continuing without stopping. Isti'naf requires a stop to have happened.

استئناف vs نقض (Naqd)

Naqd is a higher level of appeal (Cassation). Isti'naf is usually the first level of appeal.

慣用句と表現

"استئناف من نقطة الصفر"

— To resume from point zero. Used when a restart feels like starting all over again.

بعد الحريق، كان علينا الاستئناف من نقطة الصفر.

Neutral

"باب الاستئناف مفتوح"

— The door for appeal is open. Used metaphorically to mean there is still a chance to change a decision.

لا تحزن، باب الاستئناف ما زال مفتوحاً.

Metaphorical

"استئناف الأنفاس"

— To resume breathing (catch one's breath). Used after a period of intense struggle.

بعد الفوز، استأنف الفريق أنفاسه.

Literary

"خارج نطاق الاستئناف"

— Outside the scope of appeal. Used for final, unchangeable decisions.

هذا القرار خارج نطاق الاستئناف.

Formal

"استئناف المسيرة"

— To resume the march/journey. Often used in political or social contexts.

علينا استئناف مسيرة الإصلاح.

Political

"قطع ثم استئناف"

— Cut then resume. A rhythmic pattern of activity.

حياته عبارة عن قطع ثم استئناف.

Philosophical

"استئناف القوى"

— To regain/resume strength. Similar to 'recharging batteries.'

سأرتاح قليلاً لاستئناف قواي.

Literary

"استئناف الكلام"

— To resume speaking. Used when someone was interrupted.

سمح لي القاضي باستئناف الكلام.

Formal

"بين توقف واستئناف"

— Between stopping and resuming. Describing an unstable or intermittent process.

المشروع يتأرجح بين توقف واستئناف.

Neutral

"لا يقبل الاستئناف"

— Does not accept appeal. Used for finality in both legal and personal matters.

حبي لك قرار لا يقبل الاستئناف.

Romantic/Poetic

間違えやすい

استئناف vs استئناف

Looks like 'استئناس' (Isti'nas - feeling at home/socializing).

Isti'naf ends in 'F' (restart). Isti'nas ends in 'S' (socialize).

نحن بحاجة إلى استئناف العمل (Work) vs نحن بحاجة إلى الاستئناس برأيك (Opinion).

استئناف vs استئناف

Sounds like 'استنزاف' (Istinzaf - depletion/drain).

Isti'naf is about starting again. Istinzaf is about wearing something down or using it up.

استئناف الحرب (Resuming war) vs استنزاف الموارد (Depleting resources).

文型パターン

أريد استئناف [اسم]

أريد استئناف الدرس.

تم استئناف [اسم] بعد [زمن]

تم استئناف العمل بعد العطلة.

قرر [شخص] استئناف [اسم]

قرر المدير استئناف الاجتماع.

قدم المحامي طلب استئناف لـ[سبب]

قدم المحامي طلب استئناف لظهور أدلة جديدة.

يعد استئناف [اسم] ضرورة لـ[هدف]

يعد استئناف الحوار ضرورة للسلام.

بموجب قرار الاستئناف، تم [فعل]

بموجب قرار الاستئناف، تم إلغاء الحكم.

لا يمكننا الحديث عن [اسم] قبل استئناف [اسم]

لا يمكننا الحديث عن الربح قبل استئناف الإنتاج.

إن استئناف [اسم] يجسد [مفهوم]

إن استئناف الحياة يجسد الأمل.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

使い方

frequency

Extremely frequent in news, law, and formal business communication.

よくある間違い

Using 'Isti'naf' for a brand new project. → Using 'Bidaya' (Beginning) or 'Insha'' (Creation).
Isti'naf requires a previous state of activity and a pause. You can't 'resume' what hasn't started.
Spelling it as 'استئناف' with an Alif (أ) instead of a Ya (ئ). → استئناف
The rules of Hamza dictate it sits on a Ya here because of the preceding sound.
Using it for a computer 'Restart' in casual talk. → إعادة تشغيل (I'adat tashghil).
While technically possible, 'Isti'naf' sounds weirdly formal for a laptop.
Confusing it with 'Istimrar' (Continuation). → Use 'Istimrar' if there was no break.
Isti'naf implies an interruption. Istimrar implies a steady flow.
Saying 'Isti'naf fi al-amal'. → استئناف العمل (Isti'naf al-amal).
The Idafa construction (possessive) is much more natural and common in Arabic.

ヒント

Professionalism

Use 'Isti'naf' in emails to show a high level of Arabic proficiency. It sounds much better than 'ruju' to work.

Idafa Master

Remember that 'Isti'naf' is almost always the first part of a possessive phrase. 'Isti'naf + [Activity].'

Appeal Levels

In many Arab countries, you have 30 days to file an 'Isti'naf'. Knowing this word is vital for legal literacy.

News Keywords

When you hear 'Isti'naf', pay attention to the word right after it. That is the thing that was paused and is now restarting.

The Hamza Chair

The Hamza in 'Isti'naf' is on a 'Ya' (ئ). Visualize it as a person sitting on a chair, ready to start working again.

Root Power

Connecting 'Isti'naf' to 'Anf' (nose) helps you remember that it's about getting back to the 'front' or 'start'.

Confidence

Don't be afraid of the length of the word. Break it down: Is-ti-naaf. It flows easily once you practice the rhythm.

Global News

This is a top 500 word for anyone interested in Middle Eastern politics and diplomacy.

The 'Pause' Button

Think of 'Isti'naf' as the physical act of un-pausing. It is the transition from 'Wait' to 'Go'.

Formal Reports

In project management reports, use 'Isti'naf al-mashru'' to describe the restart of a halted project.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Staff' (looks like 'st') at a 'Nap' (sounds like 'naf'). When the staff finishes their nap, they 'RESUME' work. Isti-NAAF.

視覚的連想

Imagine a 'Resume' button on a remote control that is shaped like a 'Nose' (Anf). To restart the movie, you press the nose.

Word Web

Court Restart Pause Nose Negotiations Lawyer Work Appeal

チャレンジ

Try to use 'Isti'naf' in three different contexts today: once for a hobby you stopped, once for a news story you read, and once in a mock legal sentence.

語源

Derived from the Arabic triliteral root أ-ن-ف (ʾ-n-f). In ancient Arabic, this root is primarily associated with the 'nose' (Anf).

元の意味： The nose is the most prominent and 'front' part of the face. By extension, the root came to mean 'the beginning' or 'the first part' of anything.

Semitic (Afroasiatic).

文化的な背景

No specific sensitivities; it is a professional and neutral term.

English speakers often use 'appeal' only for law and 'resume' for everything else. Arabic uses one word 'Isti'naf' for both, which can be confusing at first.

Mahkamat al-Isti'naf (The Court of Appeal) - A common setting in Egyptian cinema. Isti'naf al-Mufawadat (Resumption of Negotiations) - A constant headline in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process. The concept of 'Isti'naf' in Arabic grammar (Isti'nafiyya) - where a sentence starts fresh but relates to the previous one.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Law

رفع استئناف
محكمة الاستئناف العليا
نقض واستئناف
أسباب الاستئناف

Business

استئناف الإنتاج
استئناف النشاط التجاري
استئناف العمليات
خطة الاستئناف

Politics

استئناف العلاقات
استئناف المفاوضات
استئناف الحوار
استئناف التعاون

Education

استئناف العام الدراسي
استئناف الامتحانات
استئناف المحاضرات
جدول الاستئناف

Daily Life

استئناف اللعب
استئناف القراءة
استئناف الرحلة
استئناف الرياضة

会話のきっかけ

"متى تتوقع استئناف العمل في هذا المشروع؟ (When do you expect work to resume on this project?)"

"هل سمعت عن قرار محكمة الاستئناف اليوم؟ (Did you hear about the Court of Appeal's decision today?)"

"كيف يمكننا استئناف الحوار بعد هذا الخلاف؟ (How can we resume dialogue after this disagreement?)"

"هل تعتقد أن استئناف الرحلات الجوية آمن الآن؟ (Do you think resuming flights is safe now?)"

"متى سيتم استئناف المسلسل المفضل لديك؟ (When will your favorite series be resumed?)"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن نشاط توقفت عنه وتريد استئنافه قريباً. (Write about an activity you stopped and want to resume soon.)

هل سبق لك أن قدمت 'استئنافاً' ضد قرار ظلمك؟ (Have you ever filed an 'appeal' against a decision that wronged you?)

ما هي أهمية استئناف العلاقات بين الدول المتخاصمة؟ (What is the importance of resuming relations between conflicting countries?)

صف شعورك عند استئناف الدراسة بعد عطلة طويلة. (Describe your feeling when resuming studies after a long holiday.)

لماذا يعتبر 'الاستئناف' جزءاً مهماً من العدالة؟ (Why is 'appeal' considered an important part of justice?)

よくある質問

10 問

Technically, you can, but it sounds very formal. Usually, for machines and computers, we use 'I'adat tashghil' (إعادة تشغيل). Use 'Isti'naf' for activities, processes, or legal cases.

'Isti'naf' focuses on the moment of restarting after a break. 'Muwasalat' focuses on the act of continuing. You 'Isti'naf' a meeting to 'Muwasalat' the discussion.

Yes, but mostly in formal or professional contexts. In very casual street speech, people might say 'raja'na' (we returned) or 'badana tani' (we started again).

Yes, the verb is 'Ista'nafa' (استأنف). For example: 'Ista'nafa al-hakam al-mubarah' (The referee resumed the match).

It means 'Court of Appeal.' It is the court where you go if you don't like the decision of the first court (the Primary Court).

You can say 'Uridu taqdim isti'naf' (أريد تقديم استئناف) or 'Sa-asta'nifu al-hukm' (سأستأنف الحكم).

No, it usually means resuming from where you left off. Starting from scratch is 'Al-bad' min al-sifr' (البدء من الصفر).

In Arabic, the nose (Anf) is the 'front' part of the face. 'Isti'naf' means putting the action back at the 'front' or 'beginning' again.

Yes, 'Waw al-Isti'naf' is a conjunction used to start a new sentence that is grammatically independent but contextually related to the previous one.

The plural is 'Isti'nafat' (استئنافات). It is used when referring to multiple appeal cases or multiple instances of resumption.

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