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B2 noun #2,500 よく出る 6分で読める

توتر

tuwatur
練習する 例文 メモとヒント توتر 30秒で
解説 توتر in your Level:
At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'tawattur' means 'stress' or 'tension'. You might use it in very simple sentences like 'I have stress' or 'The exam is stress'. It is a useful word to tell your teacher or friends how you feel. You can think of it as the opposite of being 'relaxed'. Even at this level, try to remember that it sounds like 'watar' (a string), like a tight string on a guitar.
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At A2, you should start using the adjective 'mutawattir' (tense/stressed). You can say 'I am stressed because of work' (Ana mutawattir bisabab al-amal). You also learn that it can be used for the atmosphere, like 'The house is tense today'. You should know the verb 'Sha'ara bi-' (to feel) and use it with 'tawattur'. This helps you express basic emotions more accurately than just saying 'I am sad' or 'I am tired'.
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At B1, you can use 'tawattur' in more contexts, like news or health. You can talk about 'tawattur al-a'sab' (nervous tension) and understand that it's a common problem. You start to see the word in newspapers, especially regarding 'political tension' between countries. You should be able to use verbs like 'khaffafa' (to reduce) to say things like 'I listen to music to reduce stress'. You are moving from just feeling it to managing it and describing it in others.
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At B2, you understand the nuance between 'tawattur' and similar words like 'qalaq' (anxiety) or 'daght' (pressure). You can use it in formal writing and academic discussions. You understand the physical meaning (surface tension) and the metaphorical meaning (strained relations). You can use complex sentence structures, like 'The escalation of tension led to a crisis'. You also recognize the root W-T-R and how it relates to other words like 'watar' (chord) and 'mutawatir' (frequent/successive).
At C1, you use 'tawattur' with sophisticated collocations. You might discuss 'structural tension' in architecture or 'narrative tension' in a novel. You can use it to describe subtle social dynamics. You understand idiomatic expressions and can use the word to analyze political situations in depth. Your usage is precise—you know exactly when to use 'tawattur' versus 'ihtiqan' (congestion/tension) in a political context. You can also discuss the etymology and how the 'Tafa'ul' pattern affects the meaning.
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At C2, the word is a tool for precise expression in any field, from high-level diplomacy to theoretical physics or classical literature. You can appreciate the use of the word in classical poetry or complex legal documents. You can discuss the philosophical implications of 'tension' as a necessary state for growth or change. You use the word with total native-like fluency, including its most abstract and technical applications, and can explain its nuances to others.
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توتر 30秒で

  • Tawattur means tension or stress in psychological, social, and physical contexts.
  • It is derived from the root W-T-R, meaning a string or chord.
  • Commonly used in news for political strain and in health for mental stress.
  • The adjective form is 'mutawattir' (tense/stressed).

The term توتر (Tawattur) is a multifaceted Arabic noun derived from the root و-ت-ر (W-T-R), which fundamentally relates to the concept of a string, a chord, or something being stretched tight. In a modern psychological and sociological context, it is the primary word used to describe tension, stress, or strain. It encapsulates the feeling of being 'wound up' like a guitar string or a bowstring ready to snap. This state can be internal (emotional stress) or external (political or social tension).

Psychological Definition
A state of mental or emotional strain resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances, often manifesting as anxiety or physical tightness.
Political/Social Definition
A situation where relations between groups or countries are strained and could lead to conflict or violence.
Physical Definition
In physics, it refers to the state of being stretched tight, such as surface tension (التوتر السطحي).

"أشعر بـ توتر شديد قبل الامتحان."

— Common expression: I feel intense tension/stress before the exam.

Understanding Tawattur requires looking at its etymological roots. The word 'Watar' means a string. When you 'tawattara' (the verb form), you are making that string taut. This imagery is crucial for learners because it helps visualize the sensation of stress—not just as a vague feeling, but as a physical tightening of one's nerves or environment. In the Arab world, discussing mental health has historically been nuanced, but the word توتر is widely accepted and used without the heavy stigma sometimes associated with deeper clinical terms like 'depression' or 'psychosis'.

"تصاعد التوتر بين الدولتين الجارتين."

— News headline: Tension escalated between the two neighboring countries.

The word is also used in technical fields. For instance, in electricity, 'high voltage' is translated as توتر عالٍ. This demonstrates the word's versatility in describing any state of high energy or potential energy that is seeking release. Whether it is the nerves of a student, the atmosphere in a room after an argument, or the physical properties of a liquid, Tawattur is the go-to term for that 'tight' state.

"يساعد التأمل في تخفيف التوتر العصبي."

— Health tip: Meditation helps in relieving nervous tension.
Linguistic Nuance
The word follows the 'Tafa''ul' pattern, which often implies a state that one enters or a process that develops over time.

"كان هناك توتر ملموس في القاعة."

— Narrative: There was a palpable tension in the hall.

"يعاني الموظفون من توتر العمل المستمر."

— Workplace context: Employees suffer from constant work stress.

Using توتر correctly involves understanding its common collocations and the verbs that typically accompany it. Because it describes a state, it is often the object of verbs like 'feel', 'cause', 'reduce', or 'escalate'.

Common Verb Pairings

  • شعر بـ (Sha'ara bi-): To feel tension. Example: أشعر بتوتر (I feel tension). Note the use of the preposition 'bi'.
  • سبب (Sabbaba): To cause tension. Example: هذا الخبر سبب توتراً كبيراً (This news caused great tension).
  • خفف (Khaffafa): To reduce or alleviate tension. Example: الرياضة تخفف التوتر (Sports reduce stress).
  • زاد (Zada): To increase tension. Example: التأخير زاد من توتري (The delay increased my tension).
  • ساد (Sada): To prevail (used for atmosphere). Example: ساد التوتر في الاجتماع (Tension prevailed in the meeting).

Adjectival Forms

The adjective derived from this noun is متوتر (Mutawattir), meaning 'tense' or 'stressed'. While Tawattur is the noun (stress), Mutawattir is the person or the situation that is stressed. For example, أنا متوتر (I am stressed/tense) vs. الجو متوتر (The atmosphere is tense).

Prepositional Usage

When describing tension between two parties, use بين (bayna). When describing tension in a specific area or context, use في (fi). If you are stressed because of something, you can use بسبب (bisabab).

"هناك توتر ملحوظ في العلاقات الدبلوماسية."

— Formal usage: There is a noticeable tension in diplomatic relations.

In professional writing, Tawattur is often paired with specific domains: التوتر النفسي (psychological stress), التوتر العضلي (muscle tension), or التوتر السياسي (political tension). It is a formal word but perfectly acceptable in daily conversation when discussing feelings.

You will encounter توتر in several distinct environments, each giving the word a slightly different flavor.

1. News and Media

This is perhaps the most common place to hear the word. News anchors frequently report on 'escalating tensions' in conflict zones. Phrases like تصاعد التوتر (escalation of tension) or نزع فتيل التوتر (defusing the tension) are standard journalistic jargon. If there is a standoff between two political parties or countries, Tawattur is the primary descriptor.

2. Medical and Psychological Contexts

In clinics or health-related podcasts, doctors use Tawattur to discuss the physiological effects of stress. You might hear about التوتر المزمن (chronic stress) and its impact on the heart or immune system. Mental health awareness campaigns in Arabic use this word to normalize the discussion of anxiety and pressure.

3. Academic and Professional Settings

During exam seasons, students and teachers constantly talk about توتر الامتحانات. In the workplace, HR departments might conduct workshops on إدارة التوتر (stress management). If a meeting becomes heated, someone might remark on the Tawattur in the room.

4. Everyday Conversations

Friends often use the adjective form متوتر to explain why they are acting out of character. 'Don't mind him, he's just mutawattir because of his new job.' It is a very common way to express that someone is on edge.

"خفف من توترك، كل شيء سيكون بخير."

— Supportive friend: Reduce your tension, everything will be fine.

Learners often confuse توتر with other words that have overlapping meanings. Understanding these distinctions is key to reaching a B2/C1 level of fluency.

1. Confusing 'Tawattur' with 'Qalaq' (Anxiety)

While related, قلق (Qalaq) is 'anxiety' or 'worry'—a mental state focused on future uncertainties. توتر (Tawattur) is the physical or immediate feeling of being 'tense' or 'strained'. You can be qaliq (worried) about the future without being mutawattir (tense) in the present moment, though they often happen together.

2. Confusing 'Tawattur' with 'Daghṭ' (Pressure)

ضغط (Daghṭ) refers to the external force or the 'load' placed upon you. توتر is your internal reaction to that load. You have 'work pressure' (daghṭ 'amal), which leads to 'nervous tension' (tawattur 'asabi).

3. Incorrect Prepositions

Many learners say أشعر توتر (I feel tension) without the preposition. In Arabic, the verb Sha'ara (to feel) almost always requires the preposition بـ (bi). The correct way is أشعر بـتوتر.

4. Misusing the Form

Some use Tawattur when they mean the person is tense. Remember: Tawattur is the noun (the tension), and Mutawattir is the adjective (the tense person). You cannot say 'I am tension' (Ana tawattur); you must say 'I am tense' (Ana mutawattir) or 'I have tension' (Ladayya tawattur).

To enrich your vocabulary, compare توتر with these related terms:

  • انزعاج (In'izaj): Annoyance or discomfort. This is milder than Tawattur and implies being bothered rather than being under strain.
  • اضطراب (Idtirab): Disturbance or disorder. Often used for clinical disorders (e.g., اضطراب القلق - anxiety disorder) or social unrest. It implies a lack of order, whereas Tawattur implies a high state of energy/strain.
  • تشنج (Tashannuj): Spasm or cramp. This is the physical manifestation of tension, often used for muscles. If you are so mutawattir that your muscles lock up, you have tashannuj.
  • حدة (Hidda): Sharpness or intensity. Sometimes used to describe the 'intensity' of a situation (حدة الموقف), which can overlap with tension.
  • ارتباك (Irtibak): Confusion or embarrassment. A person might be mutawattir (tense) and thus become murtabik (confused/fumbling).

By choosing the right word, you can convey the exact nature of the situation. Use Tawattur when the primary characteristic is a 'stretching' or 'straining' of nerves, relations, or physical objects.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

The 'Tafa''ul' pattern and its meanings

Preposition 'bi' with verbs of feeling

Idafa (Possessive) construction

Adjective-Noun agreement

Masdar usage as a subject

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レベル別の例文

1

أنا عندي توتر.

I have stress.

Simple noun usage with 'indi' (I have).

2

التوتر سيء.

Tension is bad.

Subject + Predicate (Mubtada and Khabar).

3

هل عندك توتر؟

Do you have stress?

Question form using 'hal'.

4

أنا لست متوتراً.

I am not stressed.

Negation using 'laysa' with the adjective form.

5

توتر الامتحان كبير.

Exam stress is big.

Idafa construction (Tension of the exam).

6

أشعر بتوتر قليل.

I feel a little tension.

Verb 'sha'ara' + preposition 'bi'.

7

لا أحب التوتر.

I don't like tension.

Simple present negation.

8

هذا العمل يسبب توتراً.

This work causes tension.

Verb 'yusabbib' (causes) + object.

1

لماذا أنت متوتر اليوم؟

Why are you tense today?

Adjective 'mutawattir' in a question.

2

أشعر بتوتر بسبب العمل.

I feel tension because of work.

Using 'bisabab' (because of).

3

الرياضة تخفف التوتر.

Sports reduce tension.

Verb 'tukhaffif' (reduces).

4

كان الجو متوتراً في البيت.

The atmosphere was tense at home.

Using 'kana' (was) with a tense atmosphere.

5

أحتاج إلى راحة من التوتر.

I need a break from the stress.

Noun after preposition 'min'.

6

صوته كان فيه توتر.

His voice had tension in it.

Describing a quality of voice.

7

التوتر يمنعني من النوم.

Stress prevents me from sleeping.

Verb 'yamna'u' (prevents).

8

كل الطلاب عندهم توتر الآن.

All students have tension now.

Plural subject with 'indi'.

1

يجب أن نتعلم كيفية إدارة التوتر.

We must learn how to manage stress.

Masdar 'idarah' (management) + 'tawattur'.

2

هناك توتر سياسي بين البلدين.

There is political tension between the two countries.

Adjective 'siyasi' (political) modifying 'tawattur'.

3

التوتر العصبي يؤثر على الصحة.

Nervous tension affects health.

Adjective 'asabi' (nervous).

4

بدأ التوتر يظهر على وجهه.

Tension began to appear on his face.

Verb 'yadh-har' (to appear).

5

الموسيقى الهادئة تقلل من التوتر.

Quiet music reduces tension.

Verb 'tuqallil min' (reduces).

6

زاد توتر الموقف بعد الحادث.

The tension of the situation increased after the accident.

Verb 'zada' (increased) as an intransitive verb.

7

أحاول تجنب التوتر قدر الإمكان.

I try to avoid stress as much as possible.

Verb 'tajannub' (avoiding).

8

التوتر السطحي ظاهرة فيزيائية.

Surface tension is a physical phenomenon.

Technical term: 'al-tawattur al-sathi'.

1

أدى تصاعد التوتر إلى إلغاء الرحلة.

The escalation of tension led to the cancellation of the trip.

Masdar 'tasa'ud' (escalation).

2

يعاني الكثيرون من التوتر المزمن.

Many suffer from chronic stress.

Adjective 'muzmin' (chronic).

3

كانت المفاوضات مليئة بالتوتر.

The negotiations were full of tension.

Phrase 'mali'ah bi-' (full of).

4

التوتر بين العمل والحياة الشخصية مشكلة شائعة.

The tension between work and personal life is a common problem.

Using 'bayna... wa...' for comparison.

5

خفف الخطاب من حدة التوتر في الشارع.

The speech reduced the intensity of tension in the street.

Noun 'hidda' (intensity) in idafa.

6

يشير التوتر في العضلات إلى الإرهاق.

Tension in the muscles indicates exhaustion.

Verb 'yushir ila' (indicates).

7

نجح في نزع فتيل التوتر بين الطرفين.

He succeeded in defusing the tension between the two parties.

Idiom 'naz' fatil' (defusing the fuse/tension).

8

التوتر النفسي قد يسبب أمراضاً جسدية.

Psychological stress may cause physical illnesses.

Modal 'qad' + present verb (possibility).

1

تتسم العلاقات الدولية حالياً بتوتر متزايد.

International relations are currently characterized by increasing tension.

Verb 'tattasim bi-' (characterized by).

2

يجب معالجة جذور التوتر وليس الأعراض فقط.

The roots of the tension must be addressed, not just the symptoms.

Metaphorical use of 'judhur' (roots).

3

خلق التنافس التجاري نوعاً من التوتر في السوق.

Commercial competition created a kind of tension in the market.

Verb 'khalaqa' (created).

4

لا يمكن تجاهل التوتر القائم في المناطق الحدودية.

The existing tension in the border areas cannot be ignored.

Adjective 'al-qa'im' (existing/standing).

5

يعكس هذا العمل الأدبي التوتر بين التقاليد والحداثة.

This literary work reflects the tension between tradition and modernity.

Abstract usage in literary criticism.

6

ساهمت التصريحات المستفزة في إذكاء نار التوتر.

The provocative statements contributed to stoking the fire of tension.

Idiom 'idka' nar' (stoking the fire).

7

يؤدي التوتر العالي في الأسلاك إلى مخاطر كهربائية.

High voltage in the wires leads to electrical hazards.

Technical usage for voltage.

8

كان هناك توتر ملموس في نبرة صوتها.

There was a palpable tension in the tone of her voice.

Adjective 'malmus' (palpable/tangible).

1

إن التوتر الجيوسياسي الراهن يهدد الاستقرار العالمي.

The current geopolitical tension threatens global stability.

Emphasis with 'Inna' and complex adjective 'jiyosiyasi'.

2

تتجلى براعة الكاتب في الحفاظ على التوتر الدرامي.

The writer's skill is manifested in maintaining dramatic tension.

Verb 'tatajalla' (manifests).

3

يسعى الدبلوماسيون إلى احتواء التوتر قبل فوات الأوان.

Diplomats seek to contain the tension before it's too late.

Verb 'ihtiwa'' (containment).

4

يعد التوتر السطحي عاملاً حاسماً في البيولوجيا الخلوية.

Surface tension is a decisive factor in cellular biology.

Scientific academic context.

5

ثمة توتر بنيوي في النظام الاقتصادي العالمي.

There is a structural tension in the global economic system.

Formal existential 'thamma' (there is).

6

أفضت حالة التوتر الدائم إلى تآكل الثقة بين الحلفاء.

The state of permanent tension led to the erosion of trust between allies.

Verb 'afdat ila' (led to) and 'ta'akul' (erosion).

7

ينبغي تحليل التوتر السيكولوجي من منظور سوسيولوجي.

Psychological tension should be analyzed from a sociological perspective.

Academic passive 'yanbaghi tahlil'.

8

لا يخلو أي إبداع فني من توتر داخلي يحركه.

No artistic creation is devoid of an internal tension that drives it.

Double negative 'la yakhlū... min' (is not devoid of).

類義語

قلق ضغط اضطراب انفعال

よく使う組み合わせ

توتر عصبي
توتر سياسي
توتر سطحي
تخفيف التوتر
تصاعد التوتر
إدارة التوتر
توتر العلاقات
توتر ملموس
توتر دائم
نزع التوتر

よく使うフレーズ

تحت التوتر
بسبب التوتر
منطقة توتر
جو من التوتر
نبرة توتر
علامات التوتر
مستوى التوتر
تجنب التوتر
علاج التوتر
مصدر توتر

よく混同される語

توتر vs ضغط

Pressure (external) vs Tension (internal/state).

توتر vs قلق

Worry (mental/future) vs Tension (state/physical).

توتر vs خوف

Fear (specific threat) vs Tension (general strain).

慣用句と表現

"نزع فتيل التوتر"
"على أعصابه (related to tension)"
"حبس الأنفاس (in tense situations)"
"هدوء ما قبل العاصفة"
"إذكاء نار التوتر"
"بلغ التوتر ذروته"
"كسر حدة التوتر"
"خيط رفيع من التوتر"
"توتر يشوب العلاقات"
"في حالة غليان"

間違えやすい

توتر vs

توتر vs

توتر vs

توتر vs

توتر vs

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

Tawattur is more about 'strain' than 'worry'.

formality

Highly versatile, used in all registers.

よくある間違い
  • Saying 'Ana tawattur' instead of 'Ana mutawattir'.
  • Forgetting the 'bi' in 'Sha'ara bi-tawattur'.
  • Using 'tawattur' when 'khawf' (fear) is more appropriate.
  • Mispronouncing the 'w' without the shadda.
  • Confusing it with 'watar' (the string itself).

ヒント

The String Trick

Imagine a violin string being tightened. That is 'tawattur'.

Preposition Alert

Always use 'bi' after the verb 'sha'ara' (to feel).

Noun vs Adjective

Use 'tawattur' for the thing, 'mutawattir' for the person.

Emphasis

Stress the 'wa' sound to sound more native.

News Clue

If you hear 'tasa'ud' (escalation), 'tawattur' is likely to follow.

Formal Context

Use it to describe social or political climates.

De-escalation

In Arab culture, offering tea is a way to break the 'tawattur'.

Physics Link

Remember 'surface tension' to link it to physical properties.

Mental Health

It's the most common word for daily stress.

Atmosphere

Use it to describe a room where people just had an argument.

暗記しよう

語源

Arabic root W-T-R

文化的な背景

العجلة من الشيطان (Haste/tension is from the devil).

It is polite to acknowledge someone's tension and offer a 'calm down' (ihda').

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"كيف تتعامل مع التوتر في عملك؟"

"هل تشعر بالتوتر قبل السفر؟"

"ماذا تفعل لتخفيف التوتر؟"

"هل تعتقد أن التوتر مفيد أحياناً؟"

"كيف تلاحظ التوتر على الآخرين؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن موقف شعرت فيه بتوتر شديد.

كيف تؤثر التوترات السياسية على حياتك؟

ما هي مصادر التوتر في مدينتك؟

صف شعور التوتر في جسدك.

هل التوتر جزء ضروري من النجاح؟

よくある質問

10 問

Usually, yes, but in physics or music (dramatic tension), it is a neutral or necessary state.

Yes, 'tawattur 'ali' is the standard term for high voltage.

'Ijhad' is more like exhaustion or extreme strain from effort, while 'tawattur' is the state of being tense.

You say 'Ana mutawattir' (masculine) or 'Ana mutawattira' (feminine).

Yes, 'tawattur al-adhalat' means muscle tension.

Very frequently, to describe strained relations between states.

The root is W-T-R, which means string or chord.

Yes, 'tawatturat', often used for 'tensions' in plural contexts like regional conflicts.

It is 'idarat al-tawattur'.

Yes, it is essential for B1 level and above.

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自分をテスト 41 問

listening

Identify the word: 'Tawattur'

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Sentence: 'Ana mutawattir'. What is the feeling?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

What causes 'tawattur' in the text?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Identify the domain: 'International relations'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 41 correct

Perfect score!

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