Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of describing location and movement using German's powerful two-way prepositions.
- Distinguish between motion (Accusative) and location (Dative).
- Apply the prepositions in, auf, and an correctly.
- Describe everyday spatial relationships with confidence.
学べること
Hey there, future German speaker! Ready to take a significant leap in your German journey? I know those tricky two-way prepositions might seem like a puzzle, but don't worry – by the end of this chapter, you're going to master them once and for all!
In this super practical chapter, we're diving deep into three of those often-confusing two-way prepositions: *in*, *auf*, and *an*. You've probably seen them before and wondered,
When do I use Accusative, and when Dative?Well, now's your chance to crack that code! The secret to these prepositions boils down to one simple question:
Are you moving *towards* a destination, or are you simply stating *where* something is located?If there's movement towards a goal, like "I'm going *into* the room," you'll use Accusative. But if you're saying,
I am *in* the room,Dative is your friend. Pretty cool, right? Next, with *auf*, you'll learn how to describe things
on a horizontal surface or moving onto one. Imagine saying, Put the book *on* the table,versus
The book *is on* the table.And it gets even more exciting! With *an*, you'll grasp how to talk about things
at or on a vertical surface, or moving to one. Think about describing your poster hanging *on the wall* versus putting the poster *on the wall*!
After completing this chapter, you'll effortlessly tell people exactly where things are, give precise directions without a hitch, and understand native speakers with much greater clarity. You'll be able to communicate more naturally and confidently in German, preparing you for real-life conversations. So, let's conquer these two-way prepositions together!
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2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)自分に問いかけてみよう。「動いている?それともどこかに『向かっている』?」なら「Akkusativ」。「どこかに『いる』」なら「Dativ」だよ。
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前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動「auf」は、何かを表面に「動かす」ときは対格と、表面に「ある」ときは与格と一緒に使います。「auf」+「対格」で移動、「auf」+「与格」で位置、と覚えてくださいね。
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垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)ドイツ語の「an」は「アンス」や「アム」のように変化します。垂直な面への動きなら
an+ Akkusativ、その場所にあるならan+ Dativ、これを意識してみましょう!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between movement toward a destination and static location using in, auf, and an.
チャプターガイド
Overview
Is there movement towards a destination, or am I simply stating a position?This simple yet effective approach will help you choose the correct case every time.
How This Grammar Works
Wohin? (Where to?).Wo? (Where?). If you are already *in* the house, you are stating your current location, not moving towards it.Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich gehe in das Haus.
Ich gehe in das Haus.
Ich gehe in das Hausimplies movement *into* the house, so the accusative case is correctly used with the preposition *in*. The original
wrong example was actually correct in this context. Let's adjust the mistake to illustrate a common error with location.- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich bin in das Haus.
Ich bin in dem Haus.(or
Ich bin im Haus.)
- 1✗ Wrong:
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.
(when it's being placed)
Das Buch liegt auf den Tisch.
Das Buch liegt auf den Tischimplies movement *onto* the table. If you meant the book is already there, you would use the dative:
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
When do I use the accusative case with *in*?
You use the accusative case with *in* when you are describing movement *towards* a destination or *into* a place. Think Wohin? (Where to?).
When do I use the dative case with *auf*?
You use the dative case with *auf* when you are describing the static location of something *on* a horizontal surface. Think Wo? (Where?).
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (6)
ヒントとコツ (3)
「スーパーマン・ルール」
「aufs」のショートカット
垂直なもののルール
Das Bild hängt an der Wand.
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
Decorating the Room
Review Summary
- Movement = Accusative; Location = Dative
- auf + Acc (movement) / auf + Dat (location)
- an + Acc (movement) / an + Dat (location)
よくある間違い
You used Accusative for a static location. Since you are already in the room, you must use Dative.
Laying a book is movement. Movement requires Accusative, not Dative.
The picture is already hanging, so it is a location. Use Dative.
このチャプターのルール (3)
Next Steps
You've done amazing work! Mastering prepositions is a huge milestone in your German journey. Keep going!
Label items in your room using sticky notes with the correct preposition and case.
クイック練習 (9)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich stelle die Lampe auf dem Tisch.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Das Buch liegt auf ___ Tisch ({der|m}). (The book lies on the table.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Find and fix the mistake:
Wir sitzen heute Abend an das Meer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Ich lege die Zeitung auf ___ Tisch (m).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Where is the mirror?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Choose the correct sentence for: 'I am going into the kitchen.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Ich hänge meine Jacke ___ Haken.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Choose the correct way to say 'I am at the bank':
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich warte auf dem Lehrer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Score: /9
よくある質問 (6)
Ich bin am Meer.、海で泳いでいるなら
Ich schwimme im Meer.と言います。
Ich klatsche den Aufkleber an die Wand.となります。