Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of describing location and movement using German's powerful two-way prepositions.
- Distinguish between motion (Accusative) and location (Dative).
- Apply the prepositions in, auf, and an correctly.
- Describe everyday spatial relationships with confidence.
学べること
Hey there, future German speaker! Ready to take a significant leap in your German journey? I know those tricky two-way prepositions might seem like a puzzle, but don't worry – by the end of this chapter, you're going to master them once and for all!
In this super practical chapter, we're diving deep into three of those often-confusing two-way prepositions: *in*, *auf*, and *an*. You've probably seen them before and wondered,
When do I use Accusative, and when Dative?Well, now's your chance to crack that code! The secret to these prepositions boils down to one simple question:
Are you moving *towards* a destination, or are you simply stating *where* something is located?If there's movement towards a goal, like "I'm going *into* the room," you'll use Accusative. But if you're saying,
I am *in* the room,Dative is your friend. Pretty cool, right? Next, with *auf*, you'll learn how to describe things
on a horizontal surface or moving onto one. Imagine saying, Put the book *on* the table,versus
The book *is on* the table.And it gets even more exciting! With *an*, you'll grasp how to talk about things
at or on a vertical surface, or moving to one. Think about describing your poster hanging *on the wall* versus putting the poster *on the wall*!
After completing this chapter, you'll effortlessly tell people exactly where things are, give precise directions without a hitch, and understand native speakers with much greater clarity. You'll be able to communicate more naturally and confidently in German, preparing you for real-life conversations. So, let's conquer these two-way prepositions together!
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2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)自分に問いかけてみよう。「動いている?それともどこかに『向かっている』?」なら「Akkusativ」。「どこかに『いる』」なら「Dativ」だよ。
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前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動「auf」は、何かを表面に「動かす」ときは対格と、表面に「ある」ときは与格と一緒に使います。「auf」+「対格」で移動、「auf」+「与格」で位置、と覚えてくださいね。
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垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)ドイツ語の「an」は「アンス」や「アム」のように変化します。垂直な面への動きなら
an+ Akkusativ、その場所にあるならan+ Dativ、これを意識してみましょう!
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Differentiate between movement toward a destination and static location using in, auf, and an.
チャプターガイド
Overview
Is there movement towards a destination, or am I simply stating a position?This simple yet effective approach will help you choose the correct case every time.
How This Grammar Works
Wohin? (Where to?).Wo? (Where?). If you are already *in* the house, you are stating your current location, not moving towards it.Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich gehe in das Haus.
Ich gehe in das Haus.
Ich gehe in das Hausimplies movement *into* the house, so the accusative case is correctly used with the preposition *in*. The original
wrong example was actually correct in this context. Let's adjust the mistake to illustrate a common error with location.- 1✗ Wrong:
Ich bin in das Haus.
Ich bin in dem Haus.(or
Ich bin im Haus.)
- 1✗ Wrong:
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.
(when it's being placed)
Das Buch liegt auf den Tisch.
Das Buch liegt auf den Tischimplies movement *onto* the table. If you meant the book is already there, you would use the dative:
Das Buch liegt auf dem Tisch.
Real Conversations
A
B
A
B
A
B
Quick FAQ
When do I use the accusative case with *in*?
You use the accusative case with *in* when you are describing movement *towards* a destination or *into* a place. Think Wohin? (Where to?).
When do I use the dative case with *auf*?
You use the dative case with *auf* when you are describing the static location of something *on* a horizontal surface. Think Wo? (Where?).
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (6)
ヒントとコツ (3)
「スーパーマン・ルール」
「aufs」のショートカット
垂直なもののルール
Das Bild hängt an der Wand.
重要な語彙 (6)
Real-World Preview
Decorating the Room
Review Summary
- Movement = Accusative; Location = Dative
- auf + Acc (movement) / auf + Dat (location)
- an + Acc (movement) / an + Dat (location)
よくある間違い
You used Accusative for a static location. Since you are already in the room, you must use Dative.
Laying a book is movement. Movement requires Accusative, not Dative.
The picture is already hanging, so it is a location. Use Dative.
このチャプターのルール (3)
Next Steps
You've done amazing work! Mastering prepositions is a huge milestone in your German journey. Keep going!
Label items in your room using sticky notes with the correct preposition and case.
クイック練習 (9)
Choose the correct way to say 'I am at the bank':
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Find and fix the mistake:
Wir sitzen heute Abend an das Meer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich stelle die Lampe auf dem Tisch.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Find and fix the mistake:
Ich warte auf dem Lehrer.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Choose the correct sentence for: 'I am going into the kitchen.'
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Where is the mirror?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Das Buch liegt auf ___ Tisch ({der|m}). (The book lies on the table.)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 2格支配前置詞:移動と場所の使い分け (in, auf, an)
Ich hänge meine Jacke ___ Haken.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 垂直の接触:2格支配前置詞 'an' (〜に、〜のきわに)
Ich lege die Zeitung auf ___ Tisch (m).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 前置詞 'auf': 上に、場所に、そして移動
Score: /9
よくある質問 (6)
Ich bin am Meer.、海で泳いでいるなら
Ich schwimme im Meer.と言います。
Ich klatsche den Aufkleber an die Wand.となります。