An adjective is a word that tells us more about a person, animal, place, or thing.
For example, if you say "a big dog," the word "big" is an adjective because it describes the dog.
Adjectives help us understand what something looks like or what kind it is.
It can tell us about color, like a "red apple," or size, like a "small house."
We use adjectives to make our sentences more interesting and clear.
An adjective serves as a crucial linguistic tool, enriching sentences by providing descriptive depth to nouns and pronouns. These versatile words illuminate attributes such as size, age, origin, and various other qualities, thereby painting a more vivid picture for the audience.
Typically, adjectives precede the nouns they modify, forming a cohesive descriptive unit. Alternatively, they can follow a linking verb, offering further elucidation about the subject's characteristics.
Mastery of adjective placement and usage is paramount for nuanced expression and for conveying precise meanings in both written and spoken communication.
§ How to use it in a sentence – grammar, prepositions
Adjectives are essential for adding detail and specificity to your writing and speech. They help paint a clearer picture for your audience by providing more information about the nouns or pronouns they modify. Let's explore the various ways adjectives function in sentences.
- Placement of Adjectives
- Most commonly, adjectives appear before the noun they modify. This is known as the attributive position.
She adopted a fluffy cat.
They live in a beautiful house.
- Predicative Adjectives
- Adjectives can also follow a linking verb (such as 'be', 'seem', 'appear', 'feel', 'taste', 'smell', 'sound', 'look', 'become', 'grow') and describe the subject of the sentence. This is known as the predicative position.
The coffee tastes bitter.
She seems happy today.
- Adjectives with Prepositions
- Some adjectives are often followed by specific prepositions to complete their meaning. These are called adjective-preposition combinations.
- Afraid of: To be scared of something.
He is afraid of heights.
- Angry about/with: To feel anger. Use 'about' for things and 'with' for people.
She was angry about the delay.
He got angry with his brother.
- Good at/for: To be skilled in something ('at') or beneficial ('for').
She's really good at painting.
Exercise is good for your health.
- Interested in: To have a keen curiosity or concern about something.
Are you interested in learning a new language?
- Responsible for: To be accountable for something.
Who is responsible for this mess?
- Similar to: To share characteristics with something else.
Her style is similar to mine.
- Tired of: To be weary or fed up with something.
I'm tired of waiting.
- Order of Adjectives
- When multiple adjectives modify a single noun, they generally follow a specific order:
Opinion > Size > Age > Shape > Color > Origin > Material > Purpose + Noun
a beautiful big old round green French silk sleeping bag
- Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
- Adjectives can change their form to show comparison.
- Comparative adjectives compare two things.
She is taller than her brother.
- Superlative adjectives compare three or more things and indicate the highest degree.
He is the tallest person in the class.
The formation of comparative and superlative adjectives depends on the number of syllables in the adjective:
- One-syllable adjectives: Add '-er' for comparative and '-est' for superlative (e.g., 'fast', 'faster', 'fastest').
- Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: Change 'y' to 'i' and add '-er' or '-est' (e.g., 'happy', 'happier', 'happiest').
- Two or more syllables: Use 'more' for comparative and 'most' for superlative (e.g., 'beautiful', 'more beautiful', 'most beautiful').
- Irregular Adjectives
- Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms that don't follow the standard rules.
- Good: better, best
- Bad: worse, worst
- Far: farther/further, farthest/furthest
- Little: less, least
- Many/Much: more, most
By mastering the various ways adjectives are used, you can significantly enhance the descriptive power and clarity of your English communication.
レベル別の例文
The ubiquitous smartphone has revolutionized communication, transforming how we interact and access information daily.
Ubiquitous (adjective): Present, appearing, or found everywhere.
Here, 'ubiquitous' modifies 'smartphone', indicating its pervasive presence.
Her enigmatic smile left observers pondering its true meaning, adding an intriguing layer to her personality.
Enigmatic (adjective): Difficult to understand or interpret; mysterious.
'Enigmatic' describes 'smile', suggesting its mysterious quality.
The ephemeral beauty of the cherry blossoms reminds us to appreciate transient moments before they fade.
Ephemeral (adjective): Lasting for a very short time.
'Ephemeral' modifies 'beauty', highlighting its short-lived nature.
Despite his prodigious talent, the young artist remained humble, attributing his success to hard work and perseverance.
Prodigious (adjective): Remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree.
'Prodigious' describes 'talent', emphasizing its exceptional quality.
The poignant melody evoked a sense of nostalgic longing for bygone days, bringing tears to many eyes.
Poignant (adjective): Evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret.
'Poignant' modifies 'melody', conveying its emotionally touching effect.
His laconic responses, though brief, were often profound, conveying deep insights with minimal words.
Laconic (adjective): (of a person, speech, or style of writing) using very few words.
'Laconic' describes 'responses', indicating their concise nature.
The cacophonous urban environment, with its incessant honking and chatter, proved overwhelming for the quiet visitor.
Cacophonous (adjective): Involving or producing a harsh, discordant mixture of sounds.
'Cacophonous' modifies 'environment', describing its jarring auditory quality.
Her perspicacious analysis of the complex data revealed underlying patterns that others had overlooked.
Perspicacious (adjective): Having a ready insight into and understanding of things.
'Perspicacious' describes 'analysis', highlighting its insightful nature.
自分をテスト 30 問
Listen for the word that describes the dog.
Listen for the word that describes the color of the dress.
Listen for the word that describes the boy's height.
Read this aloud:
The small cat.
Focus: small
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
I like blue cars.
Focus: blue
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
She is a kind girl.
Focus: kind
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
The article 'a' comes first, then the adjective 'red', and finally the noun 'apple'.
The article 'a' comes first, then the adjective 'big', and finally the noun 'house'.
The article 'a' comes first, then the adjective 'happy', and finally the noun 'girl'.
Listen for the words that describe the car.
Pay attention to the word that tells us about her voice.
What word describes the student?
Read this aloud:
The weather today is sunny and warm.
Focus: sunny, warm
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
I like to read interesting books.
Focus: interesting
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
She wore a lovely dress to the party.
Focus: lovely
あなたの回答：
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Which of the following sentences correctly uses an adjective?
'Good' is an adjective modifying the noun 'student'. 'Fast', 'beautiful' (in this context), and 'quickly' are adverbs.
In the sentence 'The ancient castle stood on a tall hill,' which word is an adjective modifying 'hill'?
'Tall' describes the characteristic of the hill. 'Ancient' modifies 'castle'.
Which sentence uses an adjective that follows a linking verb?
'Happy' is an adjective that follows the linking verb 'felt' and describes the subject 'she'.
An adjective always appears before the noun it modifies.
While adjectives often appear before nouns, they can also follow linking verbs (e.g., 'The sky is blue').
The word 'quickly' in the sentence 'He quickly ran to the store' is an adjective.
'Quickly' is an adverb, as it describes how he ran (a verb). Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns.
Adjectives provide more information about the qualities, size, age, or origin of a noun or pronoun.
This is the primary function of an adjective, enriching the description of nouns and pronouns.
The correct order forms a grammatically sound sentence where 'ancient' modifies 'ruins'.
The adjective 'magnificent' correctly describes 'sight' and 'truly' adverbially modifies 'magnificent'.
The adjective 'captivating' modifies the noun 'story', providing more information about it.
/ 30 correct
Perfect score!
例文
I found a shiny coin on the sidewalk.
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
Languageの関連語
mean
A1To have a specific sense or significance, especially when explaining a word or sign. It can also describe a person's intention or the importance of something to someone.
participle
B2分詞とは、動詞から作られ、形容詞や名詞のように使われる語のことです。例えば「走っている」など。
prose
B2詩のような韻律を持たない、通常の言葉や文章の形式。
aphoristic
B2短い言葉で、真理や原則を簡潔に表した言葉のことだよ。
forebrevary
C1より大きなものへの短い前置きとして機能する、導入的または予期的な簡潔さを持つこと。
word
A1単語とは、特定の意味を持ち、話したり書いたりできる言語の単一の単位です。コミュニケーションにおいてフレーズや文を作成するために使用される基本的な構成要素です。
feature
C1A distinctive attribute or aspect of something that makes it recognizable or important. In academic and technical contexts, it refers to a specific characteristic used for analysis, classification, or identification.
code
B2A system of words, letters, figures, or other symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy or computer programming. It also refers to a set of rules or principles that a group of people agree to follow.
metaphor
B2あるものを別のものとして描写し、イメージで感情や考えを伝えること。
rhetoric
A1レトリックとは、人が言語を使って他人を説得したり影響を与えたりする方法です。また、重要に聞こえるが、誠実または正直ではない可能性のあるスピーチや文章を意味することもできます。
