Viernes 30秒で
- Viernes means Friday in Spanish and is masculine.
- Use 'el viernes' for 'on Friday' and 'los viernes' for 'on Fridays'.
- It is not capitalized in Spanish unless at the start of a sentence.
- The word is invariant, meaning the singular and plural forms are identical.
The Spanish word viernes is a masculine noun that translates directly to Friday in English. In the Hispanic world, as in much of the West, it marks the transition from the structured work or school week to the anticipated freedom of the weekend. Etymologically, it derives from the Latin dies Veneris, meaning 'Day of Venus,' the Roman goddess of love and beauty. This celestial connection is a common thread across Romance languages (e.g., vendredi in French, venerdì in Italian). Understanding 'viernes' is fundamental for any beginner, as it is essential for scheduling, making plans, and navigating daily life in a Spanish-speaking environment.
- Grammatical Gender
- Masculine (el viernes). Unlike many nouns ending in -s, it does not change in the plural (los viernes).
- Placement
- Usually preceded by a definite article to mean 'on Friday' (El viernes voy al cine).
- Capitalization
- In Spanish, days of the week are not capitalized unless they start a sentence.
"Por fin es viernes, el cuerpo lo sabe y la mente lo agradece."
The concept of 'viernes' carries a significant psychological weight. It is often associated with the phrase 'Viernes social', referring to the tradition of going out with colleagues or friends after work. In religious contexts, specifically within Catholicism which is prevalent in many Spanish-speaking countries, Viernes Santo (Good Friday) is a solemn day of reflection and fasting during Holy Week (Semana Santa). Conversely, the modern commercial influence has introduced Viernes Negro (Black Friday), mirroring the American shopping phenomenon.
Nos vemos el viernes por la tarde.
Los viernes siempre comemos pizza.
¿Qué planes tienes para este viernes?
El viernes es mi día favorito de la semana.
Using 'viernes' correctly involves mastering the definite article and understanding its invariant plural form. Because 'viernes' already ends in 's', the word itself does not change when moving from singular to plural. The distinction is made entirely by the article: el viernes (Friday/this Friday) vs. los viernes (Fridays/every Friday).
- Temporal Markers
- Use 'este viernes' (this Friday), 'el viernes pasado' (last Friday), or 'el próximo viernes' (next Friday).
- Prepositions
- Avoid 'en'. Use 'para el viernes' (for Friday) or 'hasta el viernes' (until Friday).
In a sentence, 'viernes' often acts as an adverbial of time. For example, 'Trabajo el viernes' means 'I work on Friday.' If you want to describe the day itself, you might say 'El viernes es un día ocupado' (Friday is a busy day). In many Latin American countries, the 'viernes cultural' is a common term for events or gatherings that happen on this day to promote arts or social bonding.
You will encounter 'viernes' in almost every facet of Spanish life. In the workplace, it's the subject of countless emails regarding deadlines ('Para el viernes sin falta') and casual conversations about weekend plans ('¿Qué vas a hacer el viernes?'). In schools, it's the day of exams or the last day before the break. In the media, news anchors will announce 'el estreno de este viernes' (this Friday's premiere) or weather forecasts for the upcoming 'viernes'.
Culturally, 'viernes' is embedded in music and literature. Many songs celebrate the arrival of the weekend. In religious contexts, particularly in Spain and Latin America, 'Viernes de Dolores' or 'Viernes Santo' are dates you will hear frequently during the spring. In the marketplace, 'Viernes de mercado' might refer to a specific day when local vendors gather in a town square.
The most frequent error for English speakers is using the preposition 'en' to mean 'on'. In English, we say 'On Friday', but in Spanish, we say 'El viernes'. Saying 'En viernes' is a literal translation that sounds unnatural to native speakers. Another common mistake is pluralizing the word as 'vierneses'. Because the word ends in an unstressed syllable followed by 's', the plural is identical to the singular.
Capitalization is another pitfall. While English capitalizes 'Friday', Spanish does not capitalize 'viernes' unless it's the first word of a sentence or part of a proper noun (like 'Viernes Santo'). Lastly, learners sometimes confuse 'viernes' with 'vienes' (you come), which sounds similar but is a verb form of 'venir'.
While 'viernes' is a specific day, it belongs to the semantic field of time and calendar. Related words include semana (week), fin de semana (weekend), and the other days: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, sábado, domingo. In terms of phonetics, it is often grouped with other days ending in -es (lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves), which all share the same pluralization rule.
In a more abstract sense, words like víspera (eve) are related, as Friday is the víspera del fin de semana. Synonyms are rare for a specific day of the week, but in certain slang contexts, people might refer to it as 'el día de Venus' or simply 'el mejor día'.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Pluralization of nouns ending in -s
Use of definite articles with days
Prepositions of time
Adjectives of sequence (próximo, pasado)
Temporal adverbs
レベル別の例文
Hoy es viernes.
Today is Friday.
Subject + Verb + Noun
El viernes no hay clase.
There is no class on Friday.
Use of 'el' for 'on'
Me gusta el viernes.
I like Friday.
Verb 'gustar' with definite article
Es viernes, ¿verdad?
It's Friday, right?
Tag question
Mañana es viernes.
Tomorrow is Friday.
Adverb of time + Verb
El viernes trabajo.
I work on Friday.
Present tense for scheduled events
Mi día favorito es el viernes.
My favorite day is Friday.
Possessive adjective
Hasta el viernes.
Until Friday / See you Friday.
Preposition 'hasta'
Los viernes siempre ceno fuera.
On Fridays I always eat out.
Plural article 'los' for habits
El viernes pasado fui al cine.
Last Friday I went to the cinema.
Preterite tense
Este viernes tengo una cita.
This Friday I have a date.
Demonstrative adjective 'este'
No puedo el viernes, estoy ocupado.
I can't on Friday, I'm busy.
Verb 'poder' + adjective
El viernes por la noche hay una fiesta.
On Friday night there is a party.
Time of day 'por la noche'
Limpio la casa los viernes.
I clean the house on Fridays.
Routine action
El próximo viernes es mi cumpleaños.
Next Friday is my birthday.
Adjective 'próximo'
Llegamos el viernes por la mañana.
We arrive on Friday morning.
First person plural
Si terminamos hoy, el viernes estaremos libres.
If we finish today, we will be free on Friday.
First conditional
Espero que el viernes haga buen tiempo.
I hope the weather is good on Friday.
Subjunctive mood
Dudo que el paquete llegue el viernes.
I doubt the package will arrive on Friday.
Subjunctive after 'dudar'
Cuando sea viernes, descansaré.
When it's Friday, I will rest.
Temporal clause with subjunctive
El viernes es el día que prefiero para viajar.
Friday is the day I prefer for traveling.
Relative clause
Me dijeron que el viernes no habría luz.
They told me there would be no power on Friday.
Conditional tense in reported speech
Aunque sea viernes, tengo que estudiar.
Even though it's Friday, I have to study.
Concessive clause
Siempre que es viernes, me siento feliz.
Whenever it's Friday, I feel happy.
Conjunction 'siempre que'
El informe debe estar listo para el viernes a mediodía.
The report must be ready by Friday at noon.
Preposition 'para' for deadlines
Aquel viernes de marzo cambió mi vida para siempre.
That Friday in March changed my life forever.
Demonstrative 'aquel'
No creo que el viernes sea el mejor momento para hablar.
I don't think Friday is the best time to talk.
Negative opinion + subjunctive
El viernes se celebra la inauguración del museo.
The museum's inauguration is celebrated on Friday.
Passive 'se'
Habiendo llegado el viernes, decidimos salir.
Having arrived on Friday, we decided to go out.
Compound gerund
El viernes, por muy cansado que esté, iré a verte.
On Friday, no matter how tired I am, I will go see you.
Concessive structure
Resulta que el viernes es festivo en esta ciudad.
It turns out that Friday is a holiday in this city.
Impersonal 'resulta que'
Para el viernes ya habré terminado el libro.
By Friday I will have already finished the book.
Future perfect
El viernes negro supuso un colapso en las ventas minoristas.
Black Friday meant a collapse in retail sales.
Historical/Economic context
De no ser por aquel viernes, nunca nos habríamos conocido.
If it hadn't been for that Friday, we would have never met.
Conditional 'de no ser por'
El viernes transcurrió sin mayores incidentes en la frontera.
Friday passed without major incidents at the border.
Formal verb 'transcurrir'
No es que el viernes me disguste, es que prefiero el sábado.
It's not that I dislike Friday, it's that I prefer Saturday.
Contrastive subjunctive
Sea cual sea el resultado el viernes, debemos estar unidos.
Whatever the result on Friday, we must be united.
Relative concession
El viernes cobró una importancia inusitada tras el anuncio.
Friday took on unusual importance after the announcement.
Figurative 'cobrar'
A medida que se acercaba el viernes, la tensión crecía.
As Friday approached, the tension grew.
Temporal progression
Pese a ser viernes, el ambiente en la oficina era sombrío.
Despite being Friday, the atmosphere in the office was gloomy.
Preposition 'pese a'
La efeméride del viernes evoca recuerdos de una era pretérita.
Friday's anniversary evokes memories of a past era.
High-level vocabulary
Aquel fatídico viernes, el destino selló su suerte de forma irrevocable.
That fateful Friday, fate sealed their luck irrevocably.
Literary style
El viernes se erige como el umbral entre el deber y el ocio.
Friday stands as the threshold between duty and leisure.
Metaphorical usage
No por ser viernes ha de mermar nuestro rigor profesional.
Not because it's Friday should our professional rigor diminish.
Archaic/Formal syntax
El viernes, en su acepción más puramente litúrgica, invita al recogimiento.
Friday, in its most purely liturgical sense, invites reflection.
Thematic nuance
Cuanto más se dilate la decisión hasta el viernes, peor será.
The more the decision is delayed until Friday, the worse it will be.
Correlative structure
El viernes, cual espejismo en el desierto laboral, nos alienta.
Friday, like a mirage in the labor desert, encourages us.
Simile 'cual'
Siquiera fuera viernes, para poder cerrar este capítulo.
If only it were Friday, so I could close this chapter.
Optative subjunctive
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
Verb form of 'venir' (to come).
The day before (Thursday).
The day after (Saturday).
Specific religious holiday.
Shopping holiday.
文型パターン
語族
関連
使い方
Viernes implies the start of the weekend more than Thursday.
In some places, 'Viernes de quincena' is a big deal as it's payday.
- Saying 'En viernes' instead of 'El viernes'.
- Capitalizing 'Viernes' in the middle of a sentence.
- Saying 'Los vierneses' for 'Fridays'.
- Confusing 'viernes' with 'vienes'.
- Using 'la viernes' (it's masculine).
ヒント
Article Usage
Always use 'el' for specific Fridays and 'los' for habits. This is the most natural way to speak.
Plural Form
Remember that 'viernes' is invariant. Never say 'vierneses'. The 's' is already there!
Social Friday
If someone says 'viernes social', they are likely inviting you to hang out after work.
The V sound
Avoid the English 'v' sound (teeth on lips). Use both lips lightly like a 'b'.
Lower Case
Keep it lowercase: 'Hoy es viernes'. It looks more professional in Spanish.
Venus Connection
Link Friday to Venus (love) to remember it's the day everyone loves.
Deadlines
Use 'para el viernes' to set a deadline. It means 'by Friday'.
Office Talk
Friday is the best day to ask for favors in a Spanish office!
Endings
Listen for the 's' sound. If it's missing, it might be a different word.
Greeting
Saying '¡Feliz viernes!' is a great way to start a conversation on that day.
暗記しよう
語源
Latin 'dies Veneris'
文化的な背景
Viernes is the peak night for nightlife and 'marcha' in Spain.
Viernes Santo is a public holiday in most Spanish-speaking countries.
Viernes Negro has become a massive sales event in Latin America.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"¿Qué vas a hacer este viernes?"
"¿Te gusta salir los viernes?"
"¿Trabajas el viernes por la tarde?"
"¿Cuál es tu viernes ideal?"
"¿Qué cenamos este viernes?"
日記のテーマ
Describe tu viernes perfecto.
¿Qué hiciste el viernes pasado?
¿Por qué el viernes es importante para ti?
Escribe sobre una tradición de viernes en tu familia.
¿Cómo te sientes cuando llega el viernes?
よくある質問
10 問No, days of the week are not capitalized in Spanish unless they start a sentence.
You say 'el viernes'. Do not use the preposition 'en'.
The plural is also 'viernes'. You change the article to 'los': 'los viernes'.
It comes from the Latin for 'Day of Venus', but it means Friday.
It is masculine: 'el viernes'.
It is pronounced like a soft English 'b'.
It is Good Friday, a religious holiday.
Yes, to mean 'a Friday' (e.g., Un viernes cualquiera).
People often say 'viernes social' to imply party time.
You say 'el próximo viernes' or 'el viernes que viene'.
自分をテスト 180 問
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The word 'viernes' is essential for daily communication in Spanish. Remember it is masculine, doesn't change in plural, and uses the definite article 'el' instead of 'en' to express 'on Friday'.
- Viernes means Friday in Spanish and is masculine.
- Use 'el viernes' for 'on Friday' and 'los viernes' for 'on Fridays'.
- It is not capitalized in Spanish unless at the start of a sentence.
- The word is invariant, meaning the singular and plural forms are identical.
Article Usage
Always use 'el' for specific Fridays and 'los' for habits. This is the most natural way to speak.
Plural Form
Remember that 'viernes' is invariant. Never say 'vierneses'. The 's' is already there!
Social Friday
If someone says 'viernes social', they are likely inviting you to hang out after work.
The V sound
Avoid the English 'v' sound (teeth on lips). Use both lips lightly like a 'b'.
関連コンテンツ
daily_lifeの関連語
a menudo
A1しばしば、よく。 彼はよく図書館に行きます。
abonar
A2To pay, to subscribe; to make a payment or subscribe to a service.
abreviar
B1To shorten (a word, phrase, or text).
abrigo
A1Coat.
abril
A1April
acercarse
A2To move closer to someone or something.
acompañar
A2誰かと一緒に行く、同行する。私が家まで送ります。
acostar
A2誰かを寝かしつける。例：赤ちゃんを寝かしつける。
acostarse
A1寝る、または横になること。睡眠や休息のためにベッドに入る物理的な行動です。
acostumbrarse
B1状況や習慣に慣れること。
