A2 · 初中級 チャプター 51

Spoken Persian and Object Marking

8 トータルルール
80 例文
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the bridge between formal grammar and the vibrant, efficient world of everyday spoken Persian.

  • Distinguish between formal written structures and relaxed spoken shortcuts.
  • Apply the 'ra' marker to specify direct objects correctly.
  • Construct natural, flowing sentences using active verb prefixes and imperatives.
Speak like a local, master the flow.

学べること

Learn the differences between written and spoken Persian, and master the ra object marker.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use the 'ra' marker and spoken contractions to order coffee or give directions.

重要な例文 (8)

1

Gooshi-ye man kojāst?

Where is my phone?

ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)
2

In ketābam ast.

This is my book.

ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)
3

Man dāram miram khoone.

I am going home.

ペルシア語の話し言葉の動詞短縮形: 'miram', 'mikham'
4

Chi mikhāy bokhori?

What do you want to eat?

ペルシア語の話し言葉の動詞短縮形: 'miram', 'mikham'
5

man ketāb rā khāndam

I read the book.

Raマーカー：特定の目的語を指し示す (را)
6

film-ro didi?

Did you see the movie?

Raマーカー：特定の目的語を指し示す (را)
7

Bokhor! Kheyli khoshmaze-st.

Eat! It's very delicious.

ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法
8

Lotfan injā rā emzā konid.

Please sign here.

ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

ヒントとコツ (4)

🎯

The 80/20 Rule

Spend 80% of your time practicing suffixes (-am, -et, -esh). That's what you'll hear in movies and music.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)
🎯

The 'a' to 'oo' Rule

In the Tehran accent, an 'a' sound before 'm' or 'n' almost always becomes 'oo'. This is why 'dānam' becomes 'doonam' and 'Tehrān' becomes 'Tehroon'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシア語の話し言葉の動詞短縮形: 'miram', 'mikham'
🎯

The Name Rule

In Persian, you almost never skip ra with names. It sounds extremely weird to say 'I saw Ali' without it.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Raマーカー：特定の目的語を指し示す (را)
🎯

The 'Compound' Shortcut

In modern Persian, almost all verbs are compound (Verb + Kardan/Zadan). You almost never use 'be-' with these. 'Kar bokon' sounds like a 13th-century poem; just say 'Kar kon'!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

重要な語彙 (5)

کتاب (ketāb) book رفتن (raftan) to go خواستن (khāstan) to want دوست (doost) friend امروز (emrooz) today

Real-World Preview

coffee

Ordering at a Cafe

Review Summary

  • Full verb -> Spoken

よくある間違い

The 'ra' marker must follow the specific object, not the verb.

Wrong: Man ketāb mikham rā.
正解: Man ketāb rā mikham.

In spoken settings, 'miravam' is too formal.

Wrong: Man miravam.
正解: Man miram.

The progressive tense uses the present stem, not the infinitive.

Wrong: Dāram raftan.
正解: Dāram miravam.

このチャプターのルール (8)

1

ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)

A2
Attach suffixes for casual talk or use the 'e' bridge for formal clarity to show ownership in Persian.
Gooshi-ye man kojāst?
10 例文
2

ペルシア語の話し言葉の動詞短縮形: 'miram', 'mikham'

A2
Drop middle consonants and merge vowels to transform formal Persian verbs into natural, everyday spoken shortcuts.
Man dāram miram khoone.
10 例文
3

Raマーカー：特定の目的語を指し示す (را)

A1
Use ra to 'tag' specific objects so your listener knows exactly which thing you are acting upon.
man ketāb rā khāndam
10 例文
4

ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

A2
Build commands with 'be-' + present stem, adding '-id' only for formal or plural situations.
Bokhor! Kheyli khoshmaze-st.
10 例文
5

4つの重要な動詞接頭辞 (mi, be, na, nemi)

A2
Master these four prefixes to control the timing, mood, and negativity of every Persian verb you speak.
الان دارم می‌روم دانشگاه.
10 例文
6

現在進行形：今まさに何をしているか (دارم می‌روم)

A2
Combine a conjugated form of داشتن with the present continuous to express 'right now' actions.
من دارم می‌روم دانشگاه.
10 例文
7

ペルシャのカレンダー：日、月、季節

A2
The Persian calendar starts in Spring, begins its week on Saturday, and uses numbered days for easy navigation.
Emruz doshanbeh ast.
10 例文
8

数え方と順序：'tā'、'nafar'、および序数の使い方

A2
Always keep nouns singular after numbers and use 'tā' for things or 'nafar' for people.
Man do tā sändwich kharidam.
10 例文

Next Steps

Congratulations on finishing this level! You have built a solid foundation. Keep listening and speaking every day to maintain your momentum.

Listen to a Persian podcast and identify contractions.

Continue to: Expressing Knowledge, Desires, and Abilities

クイック練習 (10)

Find the mistake in this informal sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

man Ali rā didam (spoken)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: man Ali-ro didam
In spoken Persian, 'rā' usually becomes 'ro' after a vowel or 'o' after a consonant.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Raマーカー：特定の目的語を指し示す (را)

Fill in the blank with the correct suffix for 'my' (informal).

دوست___ (Doost___) - My friend

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ام (-am)
The suffix for 'my' is '-am'. So 'Doostam' means 'My friend'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)

Find and fix the mistake in this sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

این کتابمِ من است. (In ketābam-e man ast.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: این کتابم است. (In ketābam ast.)
You cannot use both the suffix (-am) and the separate pronoun (man) together. It's either 'ketābam' or 'ketāb-e man'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)

Which sentence correctly says 'His car' using Ezāfe?

Choose the correct formal possession:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ماشینِ او (Māshin-e u)
In formal Ezāfe, you need the short 'e' sound (Māshin-e) followed by the pronoun 'u' (he/she).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の所有表現：私の、あなたの、彼の (-am, -at, -ash)

Which sentence is a correct negative command?

Choose the correct way to say 'Don't go!':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: نرو
نرو is the imperative negative. نمی‌روی means 'you are not going'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 4つの重要な動詞接頭辞 (mi, be, na, nemi)

Which is the correct formal way to say 'Come'?

Choose the formal command:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بیایید
The present stem of 'āmadan' is 'āy'. Adding 'be-' (which becomes 'bi-') and the ending '-id' gives 'biāyid'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

Fix the mistake in this informal command for 'to go'.

Find and fix the mistake:

بروید به خانه! (Go home! - spoken to one friend)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: برو به خانه!
'Beravid' is formal/plural. For one friend, use the irregular singular form 'boro'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

Fill in the blank with the correct prefix for a daily habit.

من هر روز ورزش ___‌کنم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: می
Daily habits require the می prefix for the present tense.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 4つの重要な動詞接頭辞 (mi, be, na, nemi)

Complete the informal command for 'to read' (khandan -> khan).

کتاب را ___! (Read the book!)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: بخوان
For an informal singular command, we use 'be-' + the present stem 'khan' with no ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャ語の命令形：人に指示を出す方法

Find the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

من در جمعه به پارک می‌روم.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: من جمعه به پارک می‌روم.
In Persian, you don't use the preposition 'dar' (in/on) before days of the week.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ペルシャのカレンダー：日、月、季節

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

No, Persian is gender-neutral. One suffix (-ash/-esh) covers 'his', 'her', and 'its'.
It is a short 'e' sound that connects a noun to its possessor, like 'ketāb-e man' (book of me).
No, it is colloquial Persian. Everyone uses it in speech, from professors to kids, though it is not used in formal writing.
It's a natural phonetic softening. '-ad' feels very heavy and formal, while '-e' is quick and easy to drop at the end of a sentence.
Not exactly. It only marks specific objects. You don't use it for subjects (e.g., 'The book is here' has no 'ra').
No. If you use the indefinite marker 'i', you usually don't use 'ra'. It’s one or the other.
前のチャプター
Wishes, Needs, and the Future
次のチャプター
Expressing Knowledge, Desires, and Abilities
ロードマップに戻る