At the A1 level, the word بحثانگیز (bahs-angiz) might seem a bit long, but you can understand it simply. Think of it as a word for something that makes people talk a lot. Imagine you are in a classroom and the teacher says something that makes half the students say 'Yes!' and the other half say 'No!'. That thing is بحثانگیز. It is like the English word 'controversial', but you can just think of it as 'talk-making'.
In Persian, we make many words by putting two smaller words together. This is one of them. Bahs means 'talk' or 'discussion'. Angiz means 'making' or 'starting'. So, bahs-angiz is 'starting a talk'. You can use it to describe a movie that some people like and some people don't like. You can say: 'In film bahs-angiz ast' (This movie is controversial). It's a great word to use when you want to show you know more than just 'good' or 'bad'.
Even at A1, you can start recognizing the '-angiz' ending. You might see it in other words later. For now, just remember that if something is بحثانگیز, it means people are having a big conversation about it. It's not a simple 'yes' or 'no' thing. It's a 'let's talk about it' thing. Try to use it when you see people disagreeing politely about something like a book or a food choice.
At the A2 level, you are starting to build more complex descriptions. The word بحثانگیز is perfect for this. It is an adjective, which means it describes a noun. In Persian, you usually put it after the noun with a small 'e' sound called the ezafe. For example, a 'controversial book' is ketab-e bahs-angiz. You will hear this word on the news or read it in short articles about famous people.
The word is made of bahs (discussion) and angiz (provoking). This is a very common way to build adjectives in Persian. When you use بحثانگیز, you are saying that something is interesting enough that people want to argue about it. It doesn't mean the thing is bad. It just means it's not simple. A famous football player's decision to change teams can be bahs-angiz.
You can also use it in simple 'is' sentences. 'In mozu bahs-angiz ast' means 'This subject is controversial'. At this level, try to use it to describe things you see in the media. It helps you move away from basic adjectives like khub (good) or bad (bad). It shows that you understand that some things are complex and cause different opinions among people.
As a B1 learner, you are moving toward more abstract topics. بحثانگیز is a key word for discussing social issues, art, and politics. It allows you to describe a situation where there is no clear consensus. It is more formal than the word janjali, which is often used for scandals. بحثانگیز suggests that the topic is worthy of a serious debate (bahs).
You should start noticing how this word is used in newspapers. It often describes 'decisions' (tasmim-ha), 'laws' (ghavanin), or 'theories' (nazariye-ha). For example, tasmim-e bahs-angiz-e dowlat means 'the government's controversial decision'. Notice how the ezafe connects all these words. Using this word correctly shows you have reached an intermediate level of Persian where you can handle nuance.
One important thing to remember at B1 is that بحثانگیز is an objective word. You aren't saying you disagree with the thing; you are saying that society or people disagree about it. This is very useful for writing essays or giving presentations. It makes your speaking sound more balanced and professional. Instead of saying 'I think this is wrong', you can say 'This is a controversial topic', which is much more sophisticated.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the morphological structure and the pragmatic usage of بحثانگیز. This word is a classic example of a compound adjective formed with a present stem (angiz). You should be able to use it to describe complex social phenomena. It is the standard term used in Iranian intellectual and journalistic circles to describe anything that challenges the status quo or sparks a public dialogue.
At this level, you can start using adverbs to modify the word. You might say something is besyar bahs-angiz (very controversial) or shadidan bahs-angiz (intensely controversial). You should also be able to distinguish it from its synonyms like janjali (sensational) or monagheshe-bar-angiz (disputed/contentious). بحثانگیز is the most versatile of these, fitting into almost any formal context where disagreement exists.
In your writing, use بحثانگیز to introduce the 'other side' of an argument. It serves as a perfect transition word. For instance, 'While the new urban plan is بحثانگیز, its benefits for the environment are clear.' This demonstrates your ability to manage complex sentence structures and use higher-level vocabulary to express nuanced opinions. It's a word that signals you are ready for advanced academic or professional Persian environments.
For C1 learners, بحثانگیز is a word that you not only use but also analyze within the context of Persian discourse. You should understand how the word functions in 'soft' versus 'hard' news. In soft news (culture, art), it might imply a breakthrough or a daring move. In hard news (politics, economics), it might imply a crisis of legitimacy or a deep societal divide. You should be able to identify the 'bahs' (the specific debate) that the adjective refers to without it being explicitly stated.
Your usage should be flawless, including the correct use of the half-space (nim-fasele) in writing: بحثانگیز. You should also be able to use it in more metaphorical ways. For example, describing a 'controversial silence' (sokut-e bahs-angiz) or a 'controversial absence' (gheybat-e bahs-angiz). This level of metaphorical application shows a deep internalization of the word's essence—that it is about the reaction of the observer.
Furthermore, at C1, you should be able to contrast بحثانگیز with more obscure or literary terms like fetne-angiz (inciting mischief) or shoure-angiz (exciting/stirring). You understand that while bahs-angiz is the standard, these other words carry different emotional and historical baggage. Your choice of بحثانگیز in a formal report indicates a commitment to objectivity and intellectual rigor, which is expected at this advanced level of proficiency.
At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of بحثانگیز and can appreciate its role in the evolution of modern Persian prose. You recognize it as part of a movement toward more precise, descriptive adjectives that replaced the more flowery, vague language of the past. You can use it in high-level academic critiques, legal arguments, or philosophical treatises with absolute precision. You understand the subtle irony if someone uses such a formal word in a very informal context.
You are also aware of the word's socio-political weight. In a society where certain topics are more sensitive than others, calling something بحثانگیز can be a strategic choice—a way to discuss a difficult topic while maintaining a veneer of professional distance. You can navigate these 'red lines' using this vocabulary. You also understand how the word interacts with other high-level concepts like gofteman (discourse) or paradigm.
Finally, at this level, you can play with the word. You might coin similar compounds or use the word in a way that subverts expectations. Your mastery of بحثانگیز is not just about knowing its definition, but about knowing its history, its social utility, and its power to frame a narrative. Whether you are analyzing the rhetoric of a political speech or writing a complex work of fiction, this word is a tool you use with the skill of a master craftsman, fully aware of every nuance and implication it carries.
The Persian word بحثانگیز (pronounced bahs-angiz) is a sophisticated compound adjective used to describe something that naturally sparks debate, disagreement, or intense discussion. At its core, the word is constructed from two distinct parts: the noun بحث (bahs), meaning 'discussion' or 'argument', and the present stem انگیز (angiz), which comes from the verb انگیختن (angikhtan), meaning 'to provoke', 'to stir up', or 'to incite'. Therefore, the literal translation is 'discussion-provoking' or 'argument-inciting'. In English, we most frequently translate this as 'controversial', though 'bahs-angiz' often carries a slightly more intellectual or formal weight than the colloquial English 'controversial'. It suggests that the subject matter is inherently complex enough to warrant multiple perspectives, rather than just being scandalous or shocking. You will encounter this word frequently in academic writing, political journalism, and high-level social commentary. For example, a new government policy that divides public opinion, a scientific theory that challenges established norms, or a modern art installation that some find brilliant and others find confusing would all be described as بحثانگیز.
- Register
- Formal and Academic. While understood in daily speech, it is the standard term for news and literature.
این کتاب به دلیل دیدگاههای سیاسیاش بسیار بحثانگیز است. (This book is very controversial due to its political views.)
The usage of بحثانگیز is not limited to negative contexts. While 'controversial' in English can sometimes imply a negative judgment, the Persian term can be more neutral, simply indicating that the topic is a major point of conversation. In the Iranian intellectual tradition, engaging in 'bahs' (debate) is seen as a sign of a vibrant and healthy intellectual climate. Thus, describing a philosopher's work as بحثانگیز can actually be a compliment to its depth and the degree to which it challenges the status quo. However, in modern media, it is often used to flag topics that might be sensitive or divisive, such as social reforms or international relations. Understanding the nuances of this word requires recognizing that it focuses on the reaction of the audience—it is the audience that is provoked into discussion. If a topic is ignored, it cannot be بحثانگیز, no matter how radical it is.
- Synonym Focus
- Often compared to 'janjali' (scandalous), but 'bahs-angiz' is more about the intellect and 'janjali' is more about the noise.
تصمیم داور در دقایق پایانی بازی بسیار بحثانگیز بود. (The referee's decision in the final minutes of the game was very controversial.)
Furthermore, the morphological structure of the word is a classic example of Persian word formation. The suffix '-angiz' is incredibly productive in Persian, appearing in words like 'gham-angiz' (sadness-provoking/sad), 'heyrat-angiz' (wonder-provoking/wonderful), and 'shour-angiz' (excitement-provoking). By learning بحثانگیز, you are not just learning one word, but you are unlocking a pattern that allows you to understand dozens of other emotional and descriptive adjectives. It is a word that bridges the gap between the logical (the debate) and the emotional (the provocation). In contemporary Iranian society, where public discourse is often vibrant and multifaceted, this word appears daily in headlines, from the price of currency to the latest cinematic releases. It is a tool for categorization, helping readers identify which stories will require more than a simple glance to fully comprehend. To use it correctly, ensure you are describing a concept, a work, a person, or an event that has a clear binary or multiple-sided reception among the public.
- Grammar Note
- It is an invariable adjective, meaning it does not change based on the gender or number of the noun it describes, which is typical for Persian adjectives.
Using بحثانگیز correctly involves understanding its placement in Persian syntax and its collocational patterns. In Persian, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by the 'ezafe' (the short 'e' sound). For instance, to say 'a controversial topic', you say mowzu-e bahs-angiz. The word functions smoothly in both simple and complex sentences. Because it is a B2 level word, it is often found in sentences that involve subordinate clauses or logical connectors. For example, 'Although the plan was بحثانگیز, the manager decided to implement it.' In Persian: Har-chand tarh bahs-angiz bud, modir tasmim gereft an ra ejra konad. Note how the word acts as the predicate in this structure. It provides a descriptive quality that sets the stage for the conflict or resolution in the sentence narrative.
سخنان او در کنفرانس خبری موجی از واکنشهای بحثانگیز را به همراه داشت. (His remarks at the press conference brought a wave of controversial reactions.)
When using بحثانگیز to describe people, it implies that the person's actions, words, or very existence causes public debate. A 'controversial figure' is shakhsiyat-e bahs-angiz. This is a common phrase in biographies and news reports. You can also modify the intensity of the word using adverbs like besyar (very), kamari (somewhat), or shadidan (strongly). For instance, shadidan bahs-angiz (highly controversial) is a powerful way to emphasize the level of disagreement. It is important to remember that بحثانگیز is an adjective, not a noun. If you want to talk about the 'controversy' itself, you would use the noun janjal or monagheshe. Mixing these up is a common learner error. The adjective describes the nature of the thing, not the event of the argument itself.
In more advanced usage, بحثانگیز can be used to describe abstract concepts like 'controversial history' (tarikh-e bahs-angiz) or 'controversial legacy' (miras-e bahs-angiz). It is also frequently paired with words related to law and legislation. A 'controversial law' (ghanun-e bahs-angiz) is a staple of political discourse. When you are writing an essay in Persian, using this word allows you to introduce a counter-argument gracefully. Instead of saying 'some people hate this', you can say 'this is a بحثانگیز issue', which sounds more balanced and academic. It signals to the reader that you are aware of the complexity of the situation. This level of linguistic precision is what distinguishes a B2 speaker from an intermediate one. You are not just describing things as 'good' or 'bad'; you are describing them by their social and intellectual impact.
نظریه جدید علمی او با وجود اینکه بحثانگیز بود، مورد توجه قرار گرفت. (His new scientific theory, although controversial, received attention.)
Finally, consider the emotional distance the word provides. By using بحثانگیز, the speaker remains somewhat detached. It is an objective observation of a subjective reality. In a professional Persian environment, maintaining this distance is crucial for diplomacy. If you describe a colleague's proposal as بحثانگیز, you are saying it needs more discussion, which is much more polite than saying it is 'wrong' or 'problematic'. This pragmatic use of the word is essential for navigating Iranian social and professional hierarchies. It acknowledges the friction without necessarily taking a side, making it an invaluable tool for conflict resolution and negotiation in Persian-speaking contexts. Whether you are analyzing a poem or discussing a corporate strategy, this word provides the necessary nuance to handle sensitive topics with grace.
If you turn on a Persian-language news channel like BBC Persian, Iran International, or the IRIB news, you will likely hear the word بحثانگیز within the first fifteen minutes. It is the bread and butter of journalism. News anchors use it to introduce segments on international treaties, domestic economic shifts, or social justice issues. In these contexts, it serves as a 'hook'—it tells the listener that what follows is important and that people are talking about it. For example, a headline might read, 'The controversial visit of the foreign minister to the neighboring country' (Safar-e bahs-angiz-e vazir-e khareje...). In this setting, the word functions as a neutral descriptor that justifies the news coverage itself. If it weren't بحثانگیز, it might not be news.
گزارشهای اخیر درباره تغییرات اقلیمی، موضوعاتی بحثانگیز را مطرح کردهاند. (Recent reports on climate change have raised controversial issues.)
Beyond the news, you will hear this word in university lecture halls and intellectual circles (known as dowreh). Professors use it to describe theories that have historical significance but remain unsettled. In a literature class, a poem by Forough Farrokhzad might be described as بحثانگیز because of its departure from traditional norms. In these academic settings, the word is used with a sense of respect for the power of the idea to provoke thought. It is also common in the world of cinema and art criticism. Iran has a world-renowned film industry, and critics often use بحثانگیز to describe movies that push boundaries or deal with social taboos. When a film like 'A Separation' or 'The Salesman' is released, the reviews are filled with this adjective, as critics weigh the different interpretations of the characters' moral choices.
In the digital sphere, on Persian Twitter (X), Instagram, and Telegram channels, بحثانگیز is used to label viral content. When a celebrity makes a statement that divides their followers, the comment section becomes a 'bahs-angiz' space. However, in these informal settings, you might also see the word used slightly sarcastically or to describe 'clickbait'. A YouTuber might title their video 'My controversial opinion on Persian food', using the word to attract viewers. This shows the word's versatility—it can move from the heights of political philosophy to the depths of social media trends without losing its core meaning of 'provoking a reaction'. Listen for it in podcasts as well, especially those focusing on history or psychology, where the hosts often introduce a 'bahs-angiz' topic to keep the audience engaged through the episode.
پست اخیر این هنرمند در اینستاگرام بسیار بحثانگیز شده است. (This artist's recent post on Instagram has become very controversial.)
Finally, you will hear it in legal and parliamentary debates. When the Iranian Majlis (Parliament) discusses a new bill, the speaker might refer to certain articles as بحثانگیز to indicate they require more deliberation. This usage is very precise and formal. It signals that a consensus has not yet been reached. For a learner, hearing this word is a signpost. It tells you: 'Pay attention, because what follows is not a simple fact, but a matter of opinion and debate.' By recognizing the contexts in which بحثانگیز appears, you gain a deeper insight into the values and tensions of Persian-speaking societies. You learn what they find worth arguing about, which is a window into the culture itself. Whether in a high-stakes political negotiation or a casual chat about a new book, بحثانگیز is the word that marks the boundaries of agreement and the beginning of exploration.
One of the most common mistakes English speakers make when using بحثانگیز is confusing it with the word janjali (scandalous or sensational). While they are related, بحثانگیز implies a serious, often intellectual debate, whereas janjali implies noise, chaos, and often a lack of substance. If you describe a serious scientific disagreement as janjali, it might sound like you are trivializing it. Conversely, if you describe a celebrity's wardrobe malfunction as بحثانگیز, it might sound overly formal or even slightly ridiculous. Choosing between these two requires an understanding of the 'register' or the level of seriousness of the situation. Always ask yourself: Is the disagreement based on ideas (use بحثانگیز) or on drama (use janjali)?
اشتباه: این یک رسوایی بحثانگیز است. (Incorrect: This is a controversial scandal - redundant/awkward.)
Another frequent error involves the grammar of the suffix -angiz. Some learners try to use it as a verb because they know it comes from angikhtan. However, بحثانگیز is strictly an adjective. You cannot say 'He bahs-angized the meeting'. Instead, you would say 'His words were بحثانگیز' or 'He created a bahs (discussion)'. Additionally, learners sometimes forget the ezafe when connecting the adjective to a noun. It must be mowzu-e bahs-angiz, not mowzu bahs-angiz. Forgetting that small 'e' sound is a hallmark of beginner speech and can make your Persian sound disjointed. Practice saying the noun and adjective together as a single rhythmic unit to internalize the ezafe connection.
A third mistake is using بحثانگیز to describe people in a way that implies they are 'argumentative'. In English, if you say 'He is a controversial person', it usually means people have strong opinions about him. If you want to say someone likes to argue, the Persian word is bahs-ju or motejezz. Using بحثانگیز to mean 'someone who picks fights' is a semantic error. It describes the effect someone has on the world, not their personal temperament. This is a subtle but important distinction. For example, a quiet scientist could be a shakhsiyat-e bahs-angiz because of their data, even if they never raise their voice in an argument. Keep the focus on the impact, not the personality trait.
درست: او یک نویسنده بحثانگیز است. (Correct: He is a controversial writer.)
Finally, be careful with the spelling. The 'z' at the end of angiz is the letter ze (ز), not zhal (ذ), zad (ض), or za (ظ). Persian has four letters for the 'z' sound, and choosing the wrong one is a common spelling mistake for both learners and native children. The word بحثانگیز uses the most common 'z'. Also, ensure you use the 'half-space' (nim-fasele) between bahs and angiz in formal writing. Writing them as one word without a space or as two separate words with a full space are both technically incorrect in modern Persian orthography. Using the half-space (بحثانگیز) shows a high level of literacy and attention to detail, which is expected at the B2 level and above.
While بحثانگیز is a fantastic word, a rich vocabulary requires knowing its synonyms and when to use them. The most common alternative is janjal-bar-angiz. This is very similar but emphasizes the 'uproar' (janjal) more than the 'discussion' (bahs). Use janjal-bar-angiz when the controversy is loud, public, and perhaps a bit messy. For example, a 'controversial penalty' in football is almost always janjal-bar-angiz because it leads to shouting and headlines. Another close relative is monagheshe-bar-angiz. This is even more formal and is often used in legal or diplomatic contexts to describe 'disputed' territories or 'controversial' treaty articles. It comes from monagheshe, meaning 'dispute'.
- Comparison Table
- بحثانگیز: Intellectual, debate-focused, formal.
- جنجالی: Sensational, noisy, media-focused.
- مناقشهبرانگیز: Legalistic, high-stakes, diplomatic.
این یک موضوع مورد اختلاف است. (This is a matter of dispute/disagreement - a common alternative.)
If you want to describe something that is 'disputed' rather than 'provoking discussion', you can use the phrase mored-e ekhtelaf. This literally means 'subject of disagreement'. It is a very useful phrase when you want to be precise about the fact that people simply don't agree on something, without necessarily implying that the thing itself is 'provoking' the disagreement. For example, 'The border is mored-e ekhtelaf.' Another interesting alternative is shobhe-nak, which means 'doubtful' or 'suspicious'. While not a direct synonym for 'controversial', it is often used in similar contexts, such as describing a shobhe-nak election result, which would certainly also be بحثانگیز.
In more literary or poetic Persian, you might encounter fetne-angiz. This is a very strong word, as fetne means 'sedition', 'mischief', or 'temptation'. Describing something as fetne-angiz suggests it is not just controversial, but potentially dangerous or subversive to the social order. This word has deep historical and religious connotations. On the other end of the spectrum, if you want a simpler way to say something is controversial in a casual conversation, you might just say hame dar bare-ash harf mizanand (everyone is talking about it). This avoids the formal adjective altogether while conveying the same social reality. Mastering these alternatives allows you to adjust your tone to match your audience, whether you are writing a PhD thesis or chatting with a friend over tea.
سیاستهای مالی جدید دولت بسیار مناقشهبرانگیز بودهاند. (The government's new financial policies have been highly controversial/disputed.)
Finally, consider the word chalesh-bar-angiz (challenging/provocative). This is often used for difficult tasks or ideas that challenge the mind. While بحثانگیز focuses on the debate, chalesh-bar-angiz focuses on the difficulty or the obstacle presented. In a professional setting, calling a project chalesh-bar-angiz is usually seen as a positive thing—it's a 'good' challenge. Calling it بحثانگیز might imply there is internal disagreement about whether to do the project at all. Understanding these subtle shifts in meaning is the key to achieving native-like fluency in Persian. Each of these words occupies a specific niche in the linguistic landscape, and knowing which one to pick will make your communication far more effective and nuanced.
レベル別の例文
این فیلم بحثانگیز است.
This movie is controversial.
Simple subject + adjective + 'ast' (is).
آیا این موضوع بحثانگیز است؟
Is this topic controversial?
Question form using 'aya'.
کتاب او بحثانگیز بود.
His/her book was controversial.
Past tense 'bud' (was).
آن غذا بحثانگیز است.
That food is controversial.
Using the adjective for a physical object.
او یک مرد بحثانگیز است.
He is a controversial man.
Adjective modifying a person.
این رنگ بحثانگیز است.
This color is controversial.
Simple noun phrase.
داستان تو بحثانگیز بود.
Your story was controversial.
Possessive 'to' (your).
بازی امروز بحثانگیز است.
Today's game is controversial.
Noun + adverb of time + adjective.
من یک خبر بحثانگیز شنیدم.
I heard a controversial news piece.
Object of the verb 'shenidan' (to hear).
او همیشه حرفهای بحثانگیز میزند.
He always says controversial things.
Present habitual tense.
این یک تصمیم بحثانگیز برای شرکت است.
This is a controversial decision for the company.
Ezafe connecting 'tasmim' and 'bahs-angiz'.
آیا این نقاشی بحثانگیز است؟
Is this painting controversial?
Interrogative sentence.
ما درباره یک موضوع بحثانگیز صحبت کردیم.
We talked about a controversial topic.
Preposition 'dar bare-ye' (about).
او نویسنده یک مقاله بحثانگیز بود.
He was the writer of a controversial article.
Compound noun phrase.
این قانون جدید بسیار بحثانگیز است.
This new law is very controversial.
Use of 'besyar' (very) to modify the adjective.
فیلمهای او معمولاً بحثانگیز هستند.
His movies are usually controversial.
Plural subject with plural verb 'hastand'.
بسیاری از مردم فکر میکنند این طرح بحثانگیز است.
Many people think this plan is controversial.
Subordinate clause after 'fekr mikonand'.
سخنرانی او به دلیل موضوعات بحثانگیز قطع شد.
His speech was interrupted due to controversial topics.
Passive voice 'ghat shod' and 'be dalil-e' (due to).
او به عنوان یک شخصیت بحثانگیز در تاریخ شناخته میشود.
He is known as a controversial figure in history.
Phrase 'be onvan-e' (as a).
این کتاب به خاطر پایان بحثانگیزش معروف است.
This book is famous for its controversial ending.
Possessive suffix '-ash' attached to the adjective.
آنها در حال بررسی یک پرونده بحثانگیز هستند.
They are investigating a controversial case.
Continuous present tense 'dar hal-e ... hastand'.
نظرات او در شبکههای اجتماعی همیشه بحثانگیز است.
His opinions on social media are always controversial.
Plural noun 'nazarat' (opinions).
این یک روش بحثانگیز برای حل مشکل است.
This is a controversial way to solve the problem.
Infinitive phrase 'baraye hal-e moshkel'.
گزارش خبرنگار درباره جنگ بسیار بحثانگیز بود.
The reporter's report about the war was very controversial.
Ezafe chain: 'gozaresh-e khabarnegar'.
تصمیم داور در فینال مسابقات، همچنان موضوعی بحثانگیز باقی مانده است.
The referee's decision in the tournament final remains a controversial subject.
Verb 'baghi mandan' (to remain).
سیاستهای اقتصادی جدید، بحثانگیزترین بخش برنامه دولت هستند.
The new economic policies are the most controversial part of the government's program.
Superlative form 'bahs-angiz-tarin'.
او با انتشار این عکس، آگاهانه وارد یک فضای بحثانگیز شد.
By publishing this photo, he consciously entered a controversial space.
Adverb 'agahane' (consciously) and gerund 'ba enteshar-e'.
این مستند به بررسی جنبههای بحثانگیز زندگی این هنرمند میپردازد.
This documentary deals with the controversial aspects of this artist's life.
Verb 'be ... pardakhtan' (to deal with/to address).
برخی منتقدان معتقدند که سبک معماری این بنا بحثانگیز است.
Some critics believe that the architectural style of this building is controversial.
Subordinate clause with 'ke'.
علیرغم ماهیت بحثانگیز این دارو، پزشکان آن را تجویز میکنند.
Despite the controversial nature of this drug, doctors prescribe it.
Preposition 'alireghm-e' (despite).
انتخاب او به عنوان مدیر عامل، واکنشی بحثانگیز در میان کارمندان برانگیخت.
His selection as CEO provoked a controversial reaction among the employees.
Verb 'barangikhtan' (to provoke), related to the adjective stem.
او در کتاب خود به سوالات بحثانگیزی درباره مذهب پاسخ میدهد.
In his book, he answers controversial questions about religion.
Plural indefinite 'soalat-e bahs-angizi'.
نحوه مدیریت بحران توسط شهردار، به شدت بحثانگیز و مورد انتقاد قرار گرفته است.
The mayor's way of managing the crisis has been highly controversial and criticized.
Compound predicate with 'wa' (and).
این نظریه، هرچند در ابتدا بحثانگیز بود، اکنون به یک اصل پذیرفته شده تبدیل شده است.
This theory, although initially controversial, has now become an accepted principle.
Contrastive structure 'har-chand ... aknun'.
استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در هنر، یکی از بحثانگیزترین مباحث قرن حاضر است.
The use of artificial intelligence in art is one of the most controversial topics of the current century.
Superlative 'bahs-angiz-tarin' and plural 'mabahes' (topics).
او با رویکرد بحثانگیز خود، ساختارهای سنتی جامعه را به چالش کشید.
With his controversial approach, he challenged the traditional structures of society.
Verb 'be chalesh keshidan' (to challenge).
بیانیه اخیر سازمان ملل، بحثانگیزتر از آن بود که نادیده گرفته شود.
The recent UN statement was too controversial to be ignored.
Comparative 'bahs-angiz-tar' + 'az an ke' (too ... to).
میراث سیاسی او همچنان در محافل آکادمیک، بحثانگیز تلقی میشود.
His political legacy is still considered controversial in academic circles.
Verb 'talaghi shodan' (to be considered).
این کشف باستانشناسی، فرضیههای بحثانگیزی را درباره تمدنهای باستان مطرح کرد.
This archaeological discovery raised controversial hypotheses about ancient civilizations.
Verb 'matrah kardan' (to raise/propose).
او همواره از ورود به عرصههای بحثانگیز و حساس اجتناب میکرد.
He always avoided entering controversial and sensitive arenas.
Verb 'ejtenab kardan' (to avoid).
واکاوی ابعاد بحثانگیز این پرونده حقوقی، نیازمند دقت نظر و تامل فراوان است.
Analyzing the controversial dimensions of this legal case requires great precision and reflection.
Gerund 'vakavi' (analysis) as the subject.
نویسنده در این جستار، با نگاهی موشکافانه به پدیدههای بحثانگیز مدرنیته مینگرد.
In this essay, the author looks at the controversial phenomena of modernity with a scrutinizing gaze.
Adverbial phrase 'ba negahi moshkafine' (with a scrutinizing eye).
تقابل میان سنت و مدرنیته، همواره بستری برای ظهور ایدههای بحثانگیز بوده است.
The confrontation between tradition and modernity has always been a bed for the emergence of controversial ideas.
Abstract noun 'taghabol' (confrontation) and 'bestar' (bed/context).
او با مهارتی ستودنی، توانست از یک موقعیت بحثانگیز، فرصتی برای وفاق ملی بسازد.
With commendable skill, he was able to create an opportunity for national consensus out of a controversial situation.
Prepositional phrase 'az ... forsat-i baraye ... sakhtan'.
پیچیدگیهای بحثانگیز این قرارداد بینالمللی، ماهها مذاکرات دیپلماتیک را به درازا کشاند.
The controversial complexities of this international contract dragged on diplomatic negotiations for months.
Verb 'be deraza keshundan' (to drag on/prolong).
ادبیات داستانی معاصر، غالباً به بازنمایی گسستهای بحثانگیز اجتماعی میپردازد.
Contemporary fiction often deals with the representation of controversial social ruptures.
Academic term 'baz-namayi' (representation).
تفسیرهای بحثانگیز از متون کلاسیک، گاه به بازاندیشی در مفاهیم بنیادین منجر میشود.
Controversial interpretations of classical texts sometimes lead to a rethinking of fundamental concepts.
Verb 'be ... monjar shodan' (to lead to).
او با بیانی صریح، به نقد رویکردهای بحثانگیز در حوزه اخلاق زیستی پرداخت.
With explicit language, he critiqued controversial approaches in the field of bioethics.
Specific domain 'akhlaq-e zisti' (bioethics).
関連コンテンツ
academicの関連語
اعمال کردن
B2To apply, to implement; to put into operation or effect.
عامل شدن
B2何かの要因や原因になること。
اعتبار علمی
B2大学や研究者の学術的な信頼性や名声のこと。
اعتبار بخشیدن
B2何かを検証する、または公式に承認すること。
اعتبار سنجی کردن
B2妥当性を確認または検証すること。
اعتباربخشی
B2認定とは、個人または機関が特定の基準を満たしていることの公式な認識です。
اعتمادپذیر
B2信頼できる; 頼りになる。
اعتراف کردن
B2告白する、認める。犯罪を犯したり、何か間違ったことをしたりしたことを認めること。 (彼は嘘をついたことを認めなければならない。彼はその犯罪を告白した。)
عضو هیئت علمی
B2A faculty member; a professional academic engaged in teaching and research at a university.
عقلانی
B2合理的；理性や論理に基づいた。
