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A2 noun 10分で読める

قبیله

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解説 قبیله in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'qabileh' means 'tribe.' It is a group of people who are like a very big family. You might use it in simple sentences like 'This is my tribe' or 'The tribe is big.' Focus on the pronunciation: Qa-bi-leh. It is a noun. You can use it to talk about people in old stories or movies. For example, 'The tribe lives in the desert.' Don't worry about the complex history yet; just think of it as a large group of related people.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'qabileh' to describe social origins and basic traditions. You should be able to say things like 'He is from a small tribe' (U az yek qabileh-ye kuchak ast). You can also use it with basic verbs like 'to live' or 'to go.' For instance, 'The tribe goes to the mountains in summer.' You should also recognize the plural 'qabileh-ha.' It's important to start noticing the Ezafe (the 'ye' sound) when you add an adjective: 'qabileh-ye bozorg.'
At the B1 level, you should understand the cultural importance of the 'qabileh' in Iran. You can discuss tribal customs, leaders (ra'is), and the nomadic lifestyle (Ashayer). You should be comfortable using the word in sentences that describe social rules or heritage. For example: 'Tribal traditions are still important in some parts of Iran.' You should also be able to distinguish between 'qabileh' and 'khano-vadeh' (family). At this level, you can start using the word in more abstract ways, like talking about a 'tribe of artists.'
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At the B2 level, you can use 'qabileh' to engage in sociological or historical discussions. You should understand the difference between 'qabileh' and 'eel' or 'ta'efeh.' You can discuss the impact of modernization on tribal life. For example: 'The transition from a tribal system to a modern state was a complex process in Iran.' You should also be familiar with the Arabic plural 'qaba'el' and see it in news or literature. You can use the adjective form 'qabileh-i' (tribal) to describe systems, wars, or identities.
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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'qabileh' in Persian literature and political discourse. You can analyze how tribal loyalties (qabileh-gara'i) affect modern political structures. You should be able to read complex historical texts where the alliances and conflicts of various tribes are detailed. You can use the word metaphorically with precision, perhaps in a poem or a formal essay. You understand the 'asabiyyah' (social cohesion) associated with the term and its implications for national identity.
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At the C2 level, 'qabileh' is a tool for deep cultural and historical analysis. You can discuss the etymology of the word from its Arabic roots and its evolution in the Persian language. You can critique academic papers on 'Ashayer' and tribal anthropology. You are comfortable with archaic and poetic uses of the word. You can articulate the subtle differences between 'qabileh,' 'ashireh,' 'eel,' and 'ta'efeh' in various regional dialects and historical periods, understanding the socio-political weight each term carries in different contexts.
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قبیله 30秒で

  • The word 'qabileh' means tribe and refers to a social group based on kinship, shared culture, and common ancestry, vital to Iranian history.
  • It is a noun of Arabic origin, with the Persian plural 'qabileh-ha' and the formal Arabic plural 'qaba'el' used in academic contexts.
  • In Iran, the term is closely linked to the 'Ashayer' (nomads) and their seasonal migrations across the Zagros and Alborz mountain ranges.
  • Metaphorically, it can describe any tight-knit group with a strong shared identity, though its primary use remains sociological and historical.

The Persian word قبیله (pronounced 'qabileh') is a fundamental term used to describe a tribe or a large social group consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties. In the context of Iranian history and sociology, this word carries significant weight as it refers to the traditional nomadic and semi-nomadic social structures that have shaped the region for millennia. While modern urban life has changed the social landscape, the concept of the qabileh remains deeply embedded in the cultural consciousness of Persian speakers, often representing loyalty, ancestry, and a shared way of life.

Historical Context
Historically, Iran was composed of various tribes such as the Bakhtiari, Qashqai, and Kurds. The word قبیله specifically denotes the hierarchical structure where multiple families (families are often called 'khanivar' or 'khanevadeh') form a larger clan or tribe. This structure was essential for survival in the harsh terrains of the Iranian plateau, providing security and shared resources for livestock and agriculture.

رهبر قبیله با احترام زیادی در میان مردم خود روبرو است.

The leader of the tribe is met with great respect among his people.

In contemporary usage, while you might not use قبیله to describe your modern suburban neighborhood, you will encounter it frequently in literature, history books, and news reports regarding nomadic groups (known as 'Ashayer' in Persian). It is also used metaphorically to describe a group of people with a very strong, almost familial bond or a shared ideology that sets them apart from the rest of society.

Social Nuance
The term implies a sense of 'asabiyyah' or social cohesion. When a Persian speaker refers to their قبیله, they are invoking centuries of tradition, specific dialects, and unique customs that define their identity beyond just national citizenship. It is a term of belonging and origin.

هر قبیله سنت‌های خاص خود را برای جشن عروسی دارد.

Each tribe has its own specific traditions for wedding celebrations.

Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the 'Ashayer' lifestyle. These are the people who migrate seasonally between summer and winter pastures. The قبیله is the unit that organizes this migration, ensuring that every member is protected and that the livestock—the lifeblood of the tribe—are well-tended. If you visit regions like Fars, Lorestan, or Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, the word قبیله will be a key part of the local vocabulary and identity.

Linguistic Origin
The word is borrowed from Arabic, stemming from the root Q-B-L, which relates to 'accepting' or 'facing.' In the tribal sense, it refers to a group that 'faces' the world together. In Persian, its plural can be the regular 'qabileh-ha' or the Arabic broken plural 'qaba'el' (قبایل).

در قدیم، جنگ‌های میان قبیله‌ها بسیار رایج بود.

In the old days, wars between tribes were very common.

Using the word قبیله correctly involves understanding its role as a collective noun. While it refers to many people, it is grammatically singular. You can use it to describe origins, social structures, or historical events. Below are several ways to integrate this word into your Persian conversations and writing, ranging from basic identification to complex social descriptions.

Expressing Origin
To say someone belongs to a tribe, you use the preposition 'az' (from). For example: 'U az yek qabileh-ye bozorg ast' (He is from a large tribe). This indicates heritage and lineage.

او به قبیله‌ای در جنوب تعلق دارد.

He belongs to a tribe in the south.

When describing the characteristics of a tribe, قبیله often takes adjectives. Because it ends in a 'silent he' (e), the Ezafe construction adds a 'ye' sound: 'qabileh-ye' (قبیله‌ی). Common adjectives include 'bozorg' (large), 'kuchak' (small), 'motahed' (united), or 'sar-kash' (rebellious/defiant).

Describing Leadership
The head of a tribe is usually called 'ra'is-e qabileh' (chief of the tribe) or 'khan.' Using قبیله in this context highlights the hierarchical nature of traditional Persian society.

رئیس قبیله برای صلح با دولت مذاکره کرد.

The tribal chief negotiated with the government for peace.

In plural forms, you have two choices. 'Qabileh-ha' is the standard Persian plural used in everyday speech. However, in more formal, academic, or literary contexts, 'Qaba'el' (the Arabic plural) is very common. You will see 'Qaba'el-e Arab' (Arab tribes) or 'Qaba'el-e Bakhtiari' (Bakhtiari tribes) in history books.

Metaphorical Usage
You can use 'qabileh' to describe a tight-knit group of friends or colleagues. 'Ma mesl-e yek qabileh hastim' (We are like a tribe) implies that you look out for each other and share a common identity that others don't fully understand.

شاعران در این شهر مانند یک قبیله کوچک هستند.

The poets in this city are like a small tribe.

اعضای قبیله همیشه به هم کمک می‌کنند.

The members of the tribe always help each other.

You are likely to encounter the word قبیله in several distinct environments. Each context gives the word a slightly different flavor, from the dusty trails of nomadic migration to the sterile pages of a sociology textbook. Understanding these contexts will help you grasp the full spectrum of its meaning in Persian culture.

In News and Media
Iranian news often features segments on 'Ashayer' (nomads). During the seasonal migration (Kooch), reporters discuss the movement of different قبیلهs across the Zagros mountains. You might hear: 'Qabileh-ha-ye Bakhtiari kooch-e khod ra aghaz kardand' (The Bakhtiari tribes have started their migration).

اخبار امروز درباره مشکلات معیشتی قبیله‌های مرزنشین بود.

Today's news was about the livelihood problems of border-dwelling tribes.

In history and literature, قبیله is ubiquitous. When reading about the Islamic conquest, the Mongol invasion, or the rise of the Safavid Empire, the shifting alliances of various قبیلهs are central to the narrative. In classical Persian poetry, the 'qabileh' of the beloved or the 'qabileh' of the lover (like the tribe of Majnun) is a common trope representing the social barriers to love.

In Academic and Sociological Circles
Modern Iranian thinkers use قبیله to analyze social behavior. They might discuss 'Qabileh-gara'i' (Tribalism) as a force that competes with modern nationalism. In this context, the word takes on a more critical, analytical tone, looking at how tribal loyalty influences voting patterns or local politics.

جامعه‌شناسان معتقدند که ساختار قبیله در حال تغییر است.

Sociologists believe that the structure of the tribe is changing.

If you travel to rural Iran, especially in the west and south, you will hear people identify themselves by their قبیله. It is a source of pride. You might hear someone say, 'Man az qabileh-ye falani hastam' (I am from such-and-such tribe). In these areas, the laws of the قبیله sometimes carry as much weight as the laws of the central government, particularly in matters of dispute resolution and marriage.

In Movies and TV Shows
Historical dramas (like those set in the Qajar or Safavid eras) frequently use the term. Characters might plot to unite different قبیلهs against a common enemy. Even in modern films, if the setting is a remote village, the 'elder of the tribe' (rish-sefid-e qabileh) is a recurring and influential character.

در آن فیلم، دو قبیله بر سر منابع آب با هم می‌جنگیدند.

In that movie, two tribes were fighting over water resources.

موسیقی این قبیله ریشه در تاریخ کهن ایران دارد.

The music of this tribe has roots in the ancient history of Iran.

While قبیله seems straightforward, learners often make specific errors regarding its scope, its synonyms, and its grammatical usage in Persian. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.

Confusing Qabileh with Ta'efeh
In the hierarchy of Iranian nomadic life, a قبیله is generally larger than a 'Ta'efeh' (طایفه). Think of 'Ta'efeh' as a clan or a sub-division of a tribe. Calling a large tribe a 'ta'efeh' might downplay its size, while calling a small family clan a 'qabileh' might sound like an exaggeration. Use قبیله for the larger entity.

اشتباه: این خانواده یک قبیله کوچک است. (درست: این خانواده یک طایفه کوچک است.)

Mistake: This family is a small tribe. (Correct: This family is a small clan.)

Another mistake is using قبیله to describe modern organizations or clubs. While you can use it metaphorically, doing so in a formal business context would be inappropriate. For a company or a team, use 'goruh' (group) or 'sazman' (organization). قبیله carries a heavy connotation of blood-relation and ancestral history that 'goruh' does not.

Pluralization Errors
Learners often forget that Arabic-origin words in Persian often have two plurals. While 'qabileh-ha' is never wrong, ignoring 'qaba'el' (قبایل) will make you miss out on high-level reading comprehension. Conversely, don't over-use 'qaba'el' in casual speech; it can sound overly formal or poetic.

در کتاب‌های تاریخی، معمولاً از کلمه «قبایل» استفاده می‌شود.

In history books, usually the word 'qaba'el' (tribes) is used.

A subtle mistake involves the Ezafe. Because قبیله ends in a 'silent h', you must add a 'ye' sound when connecting it to an adjective or owner: 'qabileh-ye man' (my tribe). Beginners often say 'qabileh man', which is grammatically incomplete and sounds 'broken' to native ears.

Misunderstanding the Cultural Weight
Do not assume قبیله is a 'primitive' term. In many parts of Iran, tribal identity is a sophisticated social system that provides social safety nets and legal structures. Using the word in a derogatory way can be offensive to those who take great pride in their tribal heritage.

نباید به سنت‌های یک قبیله بی‌احترامی کرد.

One should not disrespect the traditions of a tribe.

بسیاری از مردم شهرنشین، هنوز ریشه‌های قبیله‌ای خود را حفظ کرده‌اند.

Many city-dwellers still maintain their tribal roots.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for social groups, and choosing the right word instead of قبیله can significantly change the nuance of your sentence. Here are the most common alternatives and how they compare.

Eel (ایل)
While 'Qabileh' is general, 'Eel' is the specific term for the large nomadic confederations of Iran. If you are talking about the Bakhtiari or Qashqai as a whole political and social entity, 'Eel' is often more precise. You will hear 'Eel-e Bakhtiari' more often than 'Qabileh-ye Bakhtiari'.

تفاوت میان ایل و قبیله در وسعت و ساختار سیاسی آن‌هاست.

The difference between an 'Eel' and a 'Qabileh' is in their scale and political structure.
Ta'efeh (طایفه)
As mentioned before, 'Ta'efeh' is a smaller unit. If 'Qabileh' is the 'tribe', 'Ta'efeh' is the 'clan'. People use 'Ta'efeh' more frequently when discussing local family disputes or specific lineages within a larger tribe.

او از یک طایفه کوچک اما ثروتمند است.

He is from a small but wealthy clan.
Khandan (خاندان)
'Khandan' refers to a noble family or a dynasty. While a قبیله is a large social group, a 'Khandan' is specifically about the lineage of a powerful or famous family (e.g., Khandan-e Pahlavi). It focuses on ancestry and prestige rather than the nomadic or social structure of a tribe.

این خاندان برای قرن‌ها بر این منطقه حکومت می‌کردند.

This dynasty ruled over this region for centuries.
Ashireh (عشیره)
This is another Arabic-origin word, very similar to قبیله. It is used more commonly in the Khuzestan province among Arabic-speaking Iranians. It often carries a connotation of legal and social protection provided by the tribe.

قوانین عشیره در برخی مناطق هنوز اجرا می‌شود.

Clan laws are still practiced in some regions.

ما نباید همه گروه‌های اجتماعی را قبیله بنامیم.

We should not call all social groups a tribe.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

In the Quran, the word 'qaba'el' is used alongside 'shu'ub' (nations) to describe how humans were created in different groups to know one another.

発音ガイド

UK /ɡæ.biː.le/
US /ɡæ.biː.le/
The stress is typically on the last syllable: qa-bi-LEH.
韻が合う語
وسیله (vasileh - means) حیله (hileh - trick) جمیله (jamileh - beautiful woman name) فتیله (fatileh - wick) پیله (pileh - cocoon) کتیله (katileh - a type of plant) ذلیله (zalileh - wretched) عقیله (aghileh - wise woman)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'Q' as a standard English 'K'.
  • Making the final 'e' sound like an 'ah' (qabila).
  • Adding a 'u' sound after 'Q' (quabileh).
  • Stressing the first syllable.
  • Neglecting the Ezafe 'ye' sound when followed by an adjective.

難易度

読解 2/5

The word is common in stories and news, making it easy to recognize.

ライティング 3/5

Requires remembering the 'silent h' and the Arabic plural 'qaba'el'.

スピーキング 3/5

The 'Q' sound can be tricky for English speakers.

リスニング 2/5

Distinct sound, usually easy to hear in context.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

مردم (people) خانواده (family) بزرگ (big) زندگی (life) رهبر (leader)

次に学ぶ

کوچ (migration) عشایر (nomads) سنت (tradition) هویت (identity) فرهنگ (culture)

上級

عصبیت (asabiyyah/social cohesion) یکجانشینی (sedentarization) نظام طبقاتی (class system) تبارشناسی (genealogy) مردم‌شناسی (anthropology)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction with Silent 'He'

قبیله + بزرگ -> قبیله‌ی بزرگ (qabileh-ye bozorg)

Arabic Broken Plurals

قبیله -> قبایل (qaba'el)

Adjective Suffix '-i'

قبیله + ای -> قبیله‌ای (tribal)

Possessive Suffixes

قبیله‌مان (our tribe)

Compound Noun Formation

قبیله‌نشین (tribe + dweller)

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レベル別の例文

1

این قبیله بزرگ است.

This tribe is big.

Simple subject-adjective sentence.

2

او در یک قبیله زندگی می‌کند.

He lives in a tribe.

Use of 'dar' (in) with the noun.

3

قبیله ما کجاست؟

Where is our tribe?

Possessive pronoun 'ma' (our) following the noun.

4

اسم این قبیله چیست؟

What is the name of this tribe?

Basic question structure.

5

من قبیله را دوست دارم.

I like the tribe.

Direct object with 'ra'.

6

آن‌ها یک قبیله هستند.

They are a tribe.

Simple identification sentence.

7

قبیله کوچک است.

The tribe is small.

Basic adjective use.

8

رهبر قبیله اینجاست.

The tribe leader is here.

Noun-noun Ezafe construction.

1

قبیله به کوهستان رفت.

The tribe went to the mountains.

Simple past tense verb 'raft'.

2

ما از یک قبیله قدیمی هستیم.

We are from an old tribe.

Use of 'az' (from) and adjective 'ghadimi'.

3

آیا قبیله شما اسب دارد؟

Does your tribe have horses?

Possessive 'shoma' and verb 'dashtan'.

4

رئیس قبیله مرد مهربانی است.

The tribe chief is a kind man.

Compound subject and adjective.

5

قبیله‌ها در چادر زندگی می‌کنند.

Tribes live in tents.

Plural noun 'qabileh-ha'.

6

او داستان‌های قبیله را می‌گوید.

He tells the tribe's stories.

Present continuous/habitual 'miguyad'.

7

این قبیله غذای خاصی دارد.

This tribe has a special food.

Adjective 'khasi' with Ezafe.

8

جشن قبیله فردا است.

The tribe's celebration is tomorrow.

Time adverb 'farda'.

1

سنت‌های قبیله برای جوانان مهم است.

The tribe's traditions are important for the youth.

Abstract noun 'sonnat-ha' (traditions).

2

او می‌خواهد درباره تاریخ قبیله تحقیق کند.

He wants to research the tribe's history.

Infinitive 'tahghigh kardan' (to research).

3

قبیله‌های مختلف در این منطقه زندگی می‌کنند.

Different tribes live in this region.

Adjective 'mokhtalef' (different).

4

بدون اجازه رئیس قبیله، کسی نمی‌تواند وارد شود.

Without the tribe chief's permission, no one can enter.

Preposition 'bedun-e' (without).

5

آن‌ها به قبیله خود افتخار می‌کنند.

They are proud of their tribe.

Verb 'eftekhar kardan' (to be proud).

6

قبیله هر سال به ییلاق می‌رود.

The tribe goes to summer pastures every year.

Specific term 'Yeylagh' (summer pasture).

7

او لباسی به سبک قبیله خود پوشیده است.

She is wearing a dress in the style of her tribe.

Compound phrase 'be sabk-e' (in the style of).

8

اتحاد میان اعضای قبیله بسیار قوی است.

The unity among the tribe members is very strong.

Noun 'ettehad' (unity).

1

ساختار قبیله‌ای در حال فروپاشی است.

The tribal structure is collapsing.

Adjective 'qabileh-i' and progressive 'dar hal-e'.

2

دولت سعی کرد قبایل را یکجانشین کند.

The government tried to settle the tribes.

Arabic plural 'qaba'el' and term 'yek-janeshin' (sedentary).

3

قبیله‌گرایی می‌تواند مانع توسعه ملی شود.

Tribalism can be an obstacle to national development.

Abstract noun 'qabileh-gara'i' (tribalism).

4

او در کتابش به تضادهای میان قبیله و مدرنیته می‌پردازد.

In his book, he addresses the conflicts between tribe and modernity.

Verb 'pardakhtan' (to address/deal with).

5

نفوذ سیاسی قبیله در انتخابات مشهود بود.

The political influence of the tribe was evident in the elections.

Noun 'nofuz' (influence).

6

رهبران قبایل برای حل اختلافات مرزی جلسه داشتند.

Tribal leaders had a meeting to resolve border disputes.

Plural 'rahbaran-e qaba'el'.

7

فرهنگ قبیله‌ای بخش مهمی از هویت ملی ماست.

Tribal culture is an important part of our national identity.

Noun 'hoviyyat' (identity).

8

او پایان‌نامه خود را درباره اقتصاد قبیله نوشت.

He wrote his thesis about the tribe's economy.

Noun 'payan-nameh' (thesis).

1

وفاداری به قبیله گاهی بر قوانین مدنی پیشی می‌گیرد.

Loyalty to the tribe sometimes takes precedence over civil laws.

Verb 'pishi gereftan' (to take precedence).

2

در این رمان، قبیله به عنوان نمادی از اصالت به تصویر کشیده شده است.

In this novel, the tribe is depicted as a symbol of authenticity.

Passive construction 'be tasvir keshideh shodeh ast'.

3

تحولات اقتصادی منجر به تضعیف پیوندهای قبیله‌ای شده است.

Economic changes have led to the weakening of tribal bonds.

Verb 'monjar shodan' (to lead to).

4

او با نگاهی انتقادی به پدیده قبیله‌گرایی در سیاست می‌نگرد.

He looks at the phenomenon of tribalism in politics with a critical eye.

Adverbial phrase 'ba negahi enteghadi'.

5

اشعار او بازتاب‌دهنده دردهای مشترک یک قبیله در حال انقراض است.

His poems reflect the shared pains of a dying tribe.

Participle 'baztab-dahandeh' (reflecting).

6

منازعات قبیله‌ای ریشه در تقسیم ناعادلانه منابع دارد.

Tribal conflicts are rooted in the unfair distribution of resources.

Noun 'monaze'at' (conflicts).

7

حفظ میراث شفاهی قبیله مسئولیتی بزرگ بر دوش ماست.

Preserving the tribe's oral heritage is a great responsibility on our shoulders.

Metaphor 'bar dush-e ma' (on our shoulders).

8

او از منظر مردم‌شناسی به مطالعه ساختار قدرت در قبیله پرداخت.

He studied the power structure in the tribe from an anthropological perspective.

Phrase 'az manzare' (from the perspective of).

1

استحاله ساختارهای قبیله‌ای در فرآیند دولت‌سازی، موضوعی بحث‌برانگیز است.

The transformation of tribal structures in the state-building process is a controversial topic.

High-level vocabulary like 'estehaleh' (transformation).

2

نویسنده با ظرافت، روان‌شناسی جمعی اعضای یک قبیله منزوی را واکاوی می‌کند.

The author delicately analyzes the collective psychology of the members of an isolated tribe.

Verb 'vakavi kardan' (to analyze/probe).

3

واگرایی‌های قبیله‌ای در دوران مشروطه، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در تحولات سیاسی داشت.

Tribal divergences during the Constitutional era played a decisive role in political developments.

Historical context 'dowran-e Mashruteh'.

4

او مدعی است که قبیله‌گرایی نوین در بسترهای دیجیتال بازتولید شده است.

He claims that modern tribalism has been reproduced in digital contexts.

Term 'baz-towlid' (reproduction).

5

پیچیدگی‌های حقوقی مربوط به اراضی قبیله‌ای نیازمند بازنگری در قوانین است.

Legal complexities regarding tribal lands require a revision of the laws.

Noun 'baz-negari' (revision).

6

این جستار به بررسی تطبیقی نظام‌های قبیله‌ای در خاورمیانه می‌پردازد.

This essay deals with a comparative study of tribal systems in the Middle East.

Phrase 'barrasi-ye tat-bighi' (comparative study).

7

تقلیل مفاهیم پیچیده اجتماعی به انگاره‌های قبیله‌ای، خطایی روش‌شناختی است.

Reducing complex social concepts to tribal notions is a methodological error.

Academic term 'ravesh-shenakhti' (methodological).

8

در این رساله، تاثیر اسطوره‌های قبیله‌ای بر ادبیات معاصر واکاوی شده است.

In this treatise, the influence of tribal myths on contemporary literature has been analyzed.

Noun 'resaleh' (treatise).

よく使う組み合わせ

رئیس قبیله
سنت‌های قبیله
اتحاد قبیله
جنگ قبیله‌ای
اعضای قبیله
قبیله وحشی
قوانین قبیله
رهبر قبیله
ساختار قبیله
افتخار قبیله

よく使うフレーズ

قبیله‌ای فکر کردن

— To think in a tribal or narrow-minded way. Used as a critique.

نباید در دنیای امروز قبیله‌ای فکر کنیم.

از قبیله کسی بودن

— To be of someone's kind or to share their values.

او از قبیله شاعران است.

قوانین نانوشته قبیله

— The unwritten rules of the tribe. Refers to social norms.

همه ما پیرو قوانین نانوشته قبیله هستیم.

یک قبیله آدم

— A whole tribe of people. Used to mean 'a huge number of people'.

یک قبیله آدم برای دیدن او آمدند.

درون قبیله‌ای

— Intra-tribal. Used to describe internal affairs.

این یک مشکل درون قبیله‌ای است.

بین قبیله‌ای

— Inter-tribal. Refers to relations between different tribes.

رقابت‌های بین قبیله‌ای همیشه وجود داشته است.

روح قبیله

— The spirit of the tribe. Refers to the collective mindset.

روح قبیله در تمام آثار او دیده می‌شود.

تعصب قبیله‌ای

— Tribal prejudice or fanaticism.

تعصب قبیله‌ای مانع رسیدن به حقیقت می‌شود.

ریشه در قبیله داشتن

— To have roots in a tribe. Refers to one's background.

بسیاری از هنرمندان ریشه در قبیله دارند.

قبیله‌اش را گم کردن

— To lose one's tribe. Metaphorically, to lose one's identity or direction.

او در دنیای مدرن قبیله‌اش را گم کرده است.

よく混同される語

قبیله vs ایل

Eel is a larger confederation of tribes. Use it for groups like the Bakhtiari.

قبیله vs طایفه

Ta'efeh is a smaller clan. Use it for specific family branches.

قبیله vs قوم

Ghom refers to an ethnic group or nation (e.g., Ghom-e Lor).

慣用句と表現

"قبیله لیلی"

— The tribe of Layla (from Layla and Majnun). Refers to those who are unattainable or from a different world.

ما از قبیله لیلی نیستیم که اینقدر رنج بکشیم.

Literary/Poetic
"حکم قبیله"

— The tribal verdict. Refers to an inescapable social judgment.

حکم قبیله برای او سنگین بود.

Formal
"خون قبیله"

— The blood of the tribe. Refers to hereditary traits or deep loyalty.

خون قبیله در رگ‌های او می‌جوشد.

Poetic
"آبروی قبیله"

— The honor of the tribe. A very important concept in traditional society.

او آبروی قبیله را حفظ کرد.

Neutral
"قبیله نور"

— The tribe of light. Metaphor for good or enlightened people.

آن‌ها به قبیله نور تعلق دارند.

Poetic/Religious
"رسم قبیله"

— The custom of the tribe. Refers to 'how things are done here'.

رسم قبیله ما مهمان‌نوازی است.

Neutral
"صدای قبیله"

— The voice of the tribe. Refers to the collective opinion or a representative.

او صدای قبیله خود در پارلمان است.

Political
"قبیله تنهایی"

— The tribe of loneliness. Metaphor for people who feel isolated together.

شاعران بزرگ عضو قبیله تنهایی هستند.

Literary
"پرچم قبیله"

— The flag of the tribe. Symbol of identity and pride.

او پرچم قبیله را بالا نگه داشت.

Metaphorical
"دعوای قبیله‌ای"

— A tribal fight. Used to describe petty or inherited conflicts.

این فقط یک دعوای قبیله‌ای قدیمی است.

Informal/Critical

間違えやすい

قبیله vs قابله

Looks very similar (Ghabeleh vs Qabileh).

Ghabeleh (قابله) means 'midwife'. Qabileh (قبیله) means 'tribe'.

قابله به زن کمک کرد، اما قبیله به او افتخار کرد.

قبیله vs قبول

Same root (Q-B-L).

Ghabul means 'acceptance' or 'accepted'.

او در قبیله قبول شد.

قبیله vs قبیح

Similar sound start.

Ghabih means 'ugly' or 'indecent'.

این کار در قبیله ما قبیح است.

قبیله vs قبیله‌ای

Noun vs Adjective.

Qabileh is the tribe; Qabileh-i is tribal.

یک جنگ قبیله‌ای در جریان است.

قبیله vs قبیله‌وار

Noun vs Adverb.

Qabileh-var means 'tribe-like'.

آن‌ها قبیله‌وار زندگی می‌کنند.

文型パターン

A1

[Noun] [Adjective] [Verb]

قبیله بزرگ است.

A2

[Subject] از [Noun] است

او از قبیله ما است.

B1

[Noun] دارای [Quality] است

این قبیله دارای سنت‌های کهن است.

B2

به دلیل [Noun]، [Result]

به دلیل قوانین قبیله، او نتوانست برود.

C1

[Noun] به عنوان نمادی از [Abstract Concept]

قبیله به عنوان نمادی از اتحاد شناخته می‌شود.

C1

با وجود [Noun]، باز هم [Contrast]

با وجود تضعیف قبیله، باز هم وفاداری وجود دارد.

C2

هر چند [Noun] در حال [Action], اما [Nuance]

هر چند قبیله در حال استحاله است، اما روح آن باقیست.

C2

[Noun] محملی است برای [Complex Action]

قبیله محملی است برای بازتولید هویت تاریخی.

語族

名詞

قبایل (qaba'el - plural)
قبیله‌گرایی (qabileh-gara'i - tribalism)
قبیله‌داری (qabileh-dari - tribal management)

動詞

قبیله‌سازی کردن (qabileh-sazi kardan - to tribalize)

形容詞

قبیله‌ای (qabileh-i - tribal)
قبیله‌گرا (qabileh-gara - tribalist)

関連

ایل (Eel)
طایفه (Ta'efeh)
عشیره (Ashireh)
خان (Khan)
کوچ (Kooch)
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使い方

frequency

Common in history, sociology, and news; rare in urban daily life.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'Qabileh' for a small family. → Use 'Khanevadeh' or 'Ta'efeh'.

    Qabileh implies a large, multi-family social structure.

  • Saying 'Qabileh bozorg'. → Say 'Qabileh-ye bozorg'.

    Missing the Ezafe connector for words ending in silent 'h'.

  • Pronouncing it as 'Kabileh'. → Pronounce with a deep 'Q'.

    The 'Q' and 'K' are distinct sounds in Persian.

  • Using 'Qabileh' for a modern office team. → Use 'Tim' or 'Goruh'.

    Qabileh is too traditional/blood-based for a modern office.

  • Assuming 'Qabileh' is always nomadic. → Some tribes are 'yek-janeshin' (settled).

    The word refers to the social structure, not just the movement.

ヒント

Watch the Ezafe

Don't forget the 'ye' sound: qabileh-ye man, not qabileh man.

Respect the Identity

Tribal identity is a point of pride. Use the word with respect when talking to people from Lorestan or Fars.

Learn the Plural

Learning 'Qaba'el' will help you read 90% of history books about Iran.

Throat Check

If your 'Q' sounds like a 'K', practice saying 'G' while pushing your tongue back.

Adjective Use

Use 'qabileh-i' for things like 'tribal music' or 'tribal laws'.

Ashayer Connection

Associate 'Qabileh' with 'Ashayer' (nomads) to remember its primary context.

Poetic Use

Use 'qabileh-ye asheghan' (tribe of lovers) to add flair to your writing.

Unity

The word often implies 'Ettehad' (unity). Use them together in sentences.

Historical Power

Remember that tribes were the main military force in Iran for centuries.

Word Web

Link 'Qabileh' to 'Kooch' (migration) and 'Chador' (tent).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Imagine a group of people standing in a 'Queue' (Q) at a 'Villa' (vileh). A Queue at the Villa for the whole Tribe.

視覚的連想

Visualize a large black tent (Siah-Chador) with many family members gathered around a fire, representing the core of a tribe.

Word Web

Family Tradition Nomad Chief Ancestry Loyalty Migration Culture

チャレンジ

Try to name three famous Iranian tribes (Eel/Qabileh) and write a sentence about why they are famous using the word 'qabileh'.

語源

Borrowed from Arabic 'qabīla' (قَبِيلَة). The word has been used in Persian for over a millennium, appearing in early Islamic-era Persian literature.

元の意味： In Arabic, it comes from the root Q-B-L, meaning 'to accept' or 'to face'. It refers to a group that faces each other or shares a common front.

Semitic (Arabic) into Indo-European (Persian).

文化的な背景

When discussing tribes, avoid implying they are 'backward.' Many tribal members are highly educated and live in cities but maintain their tribal affiliations as a cultural heritage.

The English word 'tribe' sometimes has a negative or 'primitive' connotation. In Persian, 'qabileh' is more neutral and often carries a sense of ancient dignity and social strength.

The 'Qabileh-ye Majnun' (Tribe of Majnun) in Nizami Ganjavi's poetry. Sociological works by Dr. Ali Shariati regarding tribal vs. modern identity. The movie 'Gabbeh' which showcases the life of tribal carpet weavers.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

History Class

  • قبایل بدوی (primitive tribes)
  • اتحاد قبایل (union of tribes)
  • نقش قبایل در سیاست (role of tribes in politics)
  • سلسله‌های قبیله‌ای (tribal dynasties)

Travel in Rural Iran

  • مهمان‌نوازی قبیله (tribe hospitality)
  • صنایع دستی قبیله (tribe handicrafts)
  • مسیر کوچ قبیله (tribe migration route)
  • رئیس محلی قبیله (local tribe chief)

Sociological Discussion

  • ساختار اجتماعی قبیله (social structure of the tribe)
  • وفاداری قبیله‌ای (tribal loyalty)
  • گذار از قبیله به دولت (transition from tribe to state)
  • منازعات قبیله‌ای (tribal conflicts)

Literature/Poetry

  • قبیله عشق (tribe of love)
  • غم قبیله (sorrow of the tribe)
  • افتخار قبیله من (honor of my tribe)
  • آداب قبیله (customs of the tribe)

News Reports

  • درگیری‌های قبیله‌ای (tribal clashes)
  • حقوق قبایل (rights of tribes)
  • اسکان قبایل (settlement of tribes)
  • نماینده قبایل (representative of tribes)

会話のきっかけ

"آیا در کشور شما هنوز قبیله‌ها وجود دارند؟ (Are there still tribes in your country?)"

"درباره سنت‌های قبیله‌های ایرانی چه می‌دانید؟ (What do you know about the traditions of Iranian tribes?)"

"به نظر شما قبیله‌گرایی برای سیاست خوب است یا بد؟ (In your opinion, is tribalism good or bad for politics?)"

"دوست دارید یک روز با یک قبیله کوچ‌نشین زندگی کنید؟ (Would you like to live with a nomadic tribe one day?)"

"کدام قبیله ایرانی مشهورترین فرش‌ها را می‌بافد؟ (Which Iranian tribe weaves the most famous carpets?)"

日記のテーマ

اگر شما رئیس یک قبیله بودید، اولین قانون شما چه بود؟ (If you were the chief of a tribe, what would be your first law?)

تفاوت‌های زندگی در یک شهر مدرن و یک قبیله سنتی را بنویسید. (Write about the differences between living in a modern city and a traditional tribe.)

چرا وفاداری به قبیله در برخی جوامع از قانون مهم‌تر است؟ (Why is tribal loyalty more important than the law in some societies?)

داستانی درباره یک جوان بنویسید که قبیله‌اش را برای دیدن دنیا ترک می‌کند. (Write a story about a young person who leaves their tribe to see the world.)

تاثیر تکنولوژی بر زندگی قبیله‌های امروزی چیست؟ (What is the impact of technology on the lives of modern-day tribes?)

よくある質問

10 問

It is an Arabic loanword that has been fully integrated into Persian for centuries. Many core Persian social terms are of Arabic origin.

An 'Eel' is a larger political confederation of several 'Qabileh's. For example, the Bakhtiari Eel contains many tribes.

Yes, but it is metaphorical and slightly slangy. It implies a very deep, unbreakable bond.

The most common term is 'Qabileh-gara'i' (قبیله‌گرایی).

Yes, it is very common in formal writing, history, and news. In casual speech, 'Qabileh-ha' is preferred.

It means the Chief or Leader of the tribe. 'Ra'is' means head or boss.

Yes, several million people in Iran identify as part of nomadic or semi-nomadic tribes (Ashayer).

It's a voiced uvular stop. It's like a 'G' but made further back in the throat where you gargle.

A 'Ta'efeh' is a subdivision of a tribe, similar to a clan or a large extended family branch.

Constantly. It often represents a social group that the hero must deal with or a community of like-minded souls.

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自分をテスト 180 問

writing

Write a sentence using 'qabileh' and 'bozorg'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe a tribal chief in Persian.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Explain why tribes migrate in summer.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Discuss the impact of modern life on tribes.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a short poem using 'qabileh-ye asheghan'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Compare 'qabileh' and 'shahr-neshini' (city living).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The tribe's traditions are very old.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write about a famous Iranian tribe you know.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

What does 'qabileh-gara'i' mean in politics?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a dialogue between two tribal members.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'He is proud of his tribe.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Describe the clothes of a tribal woman.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

How do tribes solve their problems?

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence using the plural 'qaba'el'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The chief spoke to the people.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Why is hospitality important in a tribe?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Discuss the role of women in Iranian tribes.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Write a sentence with 'qabileh-i' (adjective).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'Every tribe has its own flag.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

What is the future of tribes in Iran?

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Pronounce 'qabileh' correctly five times.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say: 'Man az yek qabileh-ye bozorg hastam.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Describe your own family as if it were a tribe.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the role of a tribal chief in Persian.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Discuss your opinion on tribalism in modern politics.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Tell a short story about a tribe in the desert.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'Sonnat-ha-ye qabileh baraye ma mohem ast.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Discuss the pros and cons of nomadic life.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Introduce a famous Iranian tribe to a friend.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'qaba'el' in a formal sentence.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Debate: Is tribal identity more important than national identity?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a tribal festival.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say: 'Ra'is-e qabileh ba ma sohbat kard.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Talk about tribal handicrafts like rugs.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Explain the word 'Kooch' to a learner.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Say: 'Ma dar chador zendegi mikonim.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Discuss the impact of climate change on tribes.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Recite a poetic line with 'qabileh'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'Ettehad-e qaba'el ba'es-e piroozi shod.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe the hierarchy of a tribe.

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen to a recording and count how many times 'qabileh' is said.

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listening

Listen to a description of the Qashqai and identify their location.

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listening

Listen to a news report about tribal migration.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to an interview with a tribal elder.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to a lecture on the history of Iranian tribes.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to a tribal song and identify key words.

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listening

Listen to a podcast about 'qabileh-gara'i'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to a story about a tribal hero.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen and distinguish between 'qabileh' and 'ghabeleh'.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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listening

Listen to directions to a tribal camp.

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正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to a poem being recited.

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listening

Listen to a conversation about tribal rugs.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
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listening

Listen to a report on water rights in tribal areas.

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listening

Listen to the plural 'qaba'el' in context.

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listening

Listen to a child talking about their tribe.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The tribal chief is wise.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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