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وکالت کردن

B2 verb 10分で読める

وکالت کردن

velāyat kardan

練習する例文メモとヒント وکالت کردن 30秒で

解説 وکالت کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'وکالت کردن' yourself, but you might learn the word 'وکیل' (lawyer). You can think of 'وکالت کردن' as the job that a lawyer does. Imagine a person who speaks for someone else in a big building called a court. In very simple terms, it means 'to be a lawyer for someone.' You might hear it in a basic story about jobs: 'My uncle is a lawyer. He helps people.' In Persian, we say 'He does representation' (او وکالت می‌کند). Focus on the 'کردن' part, which you already know means 'to do.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn compound verbs. 'وکالت کردن' is a great example. It means 'to act as a lawyer.' You can use it in simple sentences about professions or family help. For example, 'My brother acts as a representative for my father at the bank.' Even if your brother is not a professional lawyer, if he has a paper (power of attorney), he is 'وکالت کردن.' Remember that 'برای' (for) is the most important word to use with it. 'من برای مادرم وکالت می‌کنم' (I represent my mother). This level is about recognizing that this verb is more formal than just 'helping.'

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At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'وکالت کردن' in discussions about work, legal rights, and official procedures. You will notice it in news stories or when people talk about hiring a lawyer. You should understand the difference between 'وکیل گرفتن' (to hire a lawyer) and 'وکالت کردن' (to practice law). For example, 'I hired a lawyer to represent me in court' (من وکیل گرفتم تا در دادگاه برایم وکالت کند). You are now moving beyond just 'jobs' and into 'actions' and 'responsibilities.' You should also be familiar with the past tense: 'او برای من وکالت کرد' (He represented me).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'وکالت کردن' with precision in professional and academic contexts. You should understand the nuances of legal agency and power of attorney. You can discuss the ethics of representation, the requirements for practicing law (like having a license), and the limitations of a lawyer's role. You should be comfortable using it in the subjunctive mood (e.g., 'امیدوارم او بتواند به خوبی وکالت کند') and in various tenses. You will encounter this verb in literature, legal dramas, and complex news reports about judicial systems. You understand that this verb implies a formal legal standing and a transfer of authority.

At the C1 level, you use 'وکالت کردن' fluently in complex legal, political, or philosophical debates. You understand its roots in Islamic and civil law and can compare it with terms like 'وصایت' or 'ولایت.' You can discuss the 'right to legal representation' (حق وکالت کردن) as a human rights issue. Your usage includes complex sentence structures, such as 'The lawyer's failure to represent the client diligently led to a mistrial.' You also recognize the nominalized forms and formal alternatives like 'اشتغال به وکالت.' You can distinguish between different types of representation, such as 'pro bono' work or corporate legal counsel, using this verb accurately in each context.

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At the C2 level, 'وکالت کردن' is part of a sophisticated vocabulary that allows you to analyze legal theory, historical jurisprudence, and the intricacies of the Iranian judicial system. You can use the verb to discuss the evolution of the legal profession from the 'Vakil-ol-Roya' (representative of the people) concept to modern statutory law. You are aware of the subtle differences in usage between Iranian Persian, Dari, and Tajik. You can write legal briefs, academic papers, or high-level critiques where 'وکالت کردن' is used to describe the essence of the attorney-client relationship, including concepts of fiduciary duty, professional negligence, and the limits of delegated authority.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

وکالت کردن 30秒で

Vekālat kardan means to act as a legal representative or practice law. It is a formal compound verb essential for legal contexts.
This verb is used by lawyers in court and by individuals holding power of attorney in administrative settings like banks or notaries.
Grammatically, it is conjugated using the auxiliary 'kardan' and typically takes the preposition 'barāye' (for) or 'az tarafe' (on behalf of).
It is a B2-level word, meaning it is common in professional discussions, news reports, and formal Iranian social situations.

The Persian compound verb وکالت کردن (Vekālat kardan) is a fundamental term within the legal and professional lexicon of the Persian language. At its core, it translates to "to act as a legal representative," "to practice law on behalf of someone," or "to exercise power of attorney." While the noun وکیل (Vakil) refers to the lawyer or agent themselves, the verb وکالت کردن describes the professional activity and the specific legal duty of representing a client's interests in a formal setting, most commonly a court of law or during the signing of official documents.

Legal Representation: This is the primary usage. It refers to a licensed attorney standing before a judge to defend or prosecute a case. It implies a high level of responsibility and a fiduciary duty toward the client, known as the موکل (Movakkel).

Power of Attorney: Beyond the courtroom, وکالت کردن can refer to someone acting as an agent for another in administrative tasks, such as selling a property or managing a bank account, provided they have a وکالت‌نامه (power of attorney document).

آیا شما حاضرید در این پرونده پیچیده برای من وکالت کنید؟ (Are you ready to act as my legal representative in this complex case?)

In Iranian society, the concept of وکالت is deeply rooted in both modern civil law and historical Islamic jurisprudence. When someone says they are "doing representation" (وکالت می‌کنند), they are highlighting their active role in a legal process. It is a formal verb, rarely used in casual slang unless one is jokingly defending a friend in an argument. Understanding this verb requires recognizing that it is a compound verb consisting of the noun وکالت (derived from the Arabic root W-K-L, meaning to entrust) and the auxiliary verb کردن (to do/make).

او سال‌هاست که در دعاوی خانوادگی وکالت می‌کند. (He has been practicing law in family disputes for years.)

Furthermore, the term carries a weight of authority. To وکالت کردن means you have the legal right to sign, speak, and decide on behalf of another person. This authority is not taken lightly in Persian culture, as it involves a transfer of trust. In administrative contexts, if you are helping an elderly parent with their finances, you might need to officially وکالت کنید to ensure the bank recognizes your actions as legitimate. This verb is essential for anyone navigating the bureaucratic or legal systems in Iran, Afghanistan, or Tajikistan.

وکیل پایه یک دادگستری موظف است به بهترین نحو وکالت کند. (A first-class attorney at law is obliged to represent the client in the best possible way.)

Professional Status: Using this verb often implies that the person is a qualified professional. While anyone can technically be an agent, the act of وکالت کردن in a court context is strictly reserved for members of the Bar Association (کانون وکلا).

بدون داشتن پروانه، هیچ‌کس حق ندارد در دادگاه وکالت کند. (Without a license, no one has the right to practice law in court.)

او به دلیل تضاد منافع نتوانست در آن پرونده وکالت کند. (Due to a conflict of interest, he could not act as the representative in that case.)

Mastering the usage of وکالت کردن requires an understanding of Persian compound verb conjugation and the specific prepositions that accompany it. Because it is a compound verb, only the auxiliary part کردن changes to reflect tense, person, and mood, while وکالت remains static. This section explores the various grammatical structures and contexts where this verb shines.

Transitive Usage with Prepositions: The most common way to use this verb is with the preposition برای (for) to indicate the client. For example: من برای او وکالت می‌کنم (I represent him). You can also use از طرفِ (on behalf of) to emphasize agency.

خانم احمدی در دادگاه تجدیدنظر برای موکل خود وکالت کرد. (Ms. Ahmadi represented her client in the appeals court.)

When discussing the scope of the representation, you might use the preposition در (in). For instance, در پرونده‌های قتل وکالت کردن (to practice law in murder cases). This specifies the field of expertise or the specific instance of representation. It is important to note that the verb is inherently formal, so it is usually found in written reports, news, and professional conversations.

او ترجیح می‌دهد در دعاوی تجاری وکالت کند. (He prefers to practice law in commercial disputes.)

In more complex sentences, وکالت کردن can be used in the subjunctive mood to express necessity or desire. For example, باید کسی را پیدا کنیم که بتواند در این مورد وکالت کند (We must find someone who can represent [us] in this matter). The use of بتواند (be able to) adds a layer of capability to the professional act.

اگر او بخواهد در خارج از کشور وکالت کند، باید مدارک خود را معادل‌سازی کند. (If he wants to practice law abroad, he must equivalent his degrees.)

Passive Voice and Causatives: While وکالت کردن is active, the passive sense is often handled by different verbs like وکالت داده شدن (to be given representation). However, you can use وکالت داشتن (to have representation) to describe the state of being represented.

آیا وکیل شما در تمام مراحل بازپرسی برایتان وکالت کرد؟ (Did your lawyer represent you in all stages of the interrogation?)

Lastly, consider the aspect of duration. In Persian, to say someone "practices law" as a career, you use the present continuous or simple present of وکالت کردن. It is not just a one-time action but can describe a lifelong profession. For instance, او سی سال است که وکالت می‌کند (He has been practicing law for thirty years). This highlights the verb's versatility in describing both specific acts and general professional status.

او به دلیل بیماری دیگر نمی‌تواند به طور فعال وکالت کند. (Due to illness, he can no longer actively practice law.)

The verb وکالت کردن is a staple of formal Iranian discourse, appearing frequently in media, legal documents, and professional settings. If you are watching a Persian legal drama or listening to the news regarding a high-profile court case, you will undoubtedly encounter this term. It is the standard way to describe the professional activity of lawyers and legal agents.

In the News and Media: News anchors often use this verb when reporting on political or social trials. You might hear: "The prominent lawyer has agreed to represent the activists," translated as وکیل برجسته پذیرفت که برای فعالان وکالت کند. It lends a tone of formality and precision to the reporting.

اخبار اعلام کرد که چندین وکیل داوطلب شده‌اند تا برای زندانیان وکالت کنند. (The news announced that several lawyers have volunteered to represent the prisoners.)

In the context of the Notary Public (دفتر اسناد رسمی) in Iran, this verb is heard during the process of granting power of attorney. When a person wants their sibling to sell their car while they are abroad, the notary officer will explain the scope of the وکالت. They might ask, "Do you want them to represent you in all financial matters?" (آیا می‌خواهید ایشان در تمام امور مالی برای شما وکالت کنند؟). Here, the verb moves from the courtroom to everyday administrative life.

در دفترخانه، او به برادرش اجازه داد تا در امور ملکی وکالت کند. (At the notary office, he allowed his brother to act as his representative in real estate matters.)

In academic and professional seminars, legal scholars use وکالت کردن to discuss the ethics and philosophy of law. They might discuss the "right to represent" (حق وکالت کردن) as a fundamental human right. In these contexts, the verb is used to describe the broader societal role of the legal profession. It is also found in job descriptions and contracts for legal advisors in large corporations.

این شرکت به دنبال وکیلی است که بتواند در دعاوی بین‌المللی وکالت کند. (This company is looking for a lawyer who can represent it in international disputes.)

Daily Bureaucracy: Even in non-legal but formal settings, like a bank or a government office, if you are acting on behalf of someone else, you are effectively "doing representation." You might say, من با این وکالت‌نامه برای پدرم وکالت می‌کنم (With this power of attorney, I am representing my father).

او به من اجازه داد تا در جلسات ساختمان به جای او وکالت کنم. (He allowed me to represent him in the building meetings instead of him.)

او از اینکه نمی‌توانست برای خودش وکالت کند، ناراحت بود. (He was upset that he could not represent himself.)

Learning to use وکالت کردن correctly involves avoiding several common pitfalls related to prepositions, auxiliary verb choice, and semantic confusion with similar terms. Because Persian has several verbs related to agency and representation, it is easy for learners to mix them up.

Confusing 'وکالت کردن' with 'وکالت دادن': This is the most frequent error. وکالت دادن means "to give power of attorney" (the client's action), whereas وکالت کردن means "to act as a representative" (the lawyer's action). If you say من به او وکالت کردم, it sounds like you were the lawyer for him, even if you meant you gave him power of attorney.

Incorrect: من به وکیلم وکالت کردم. (I represented my lawyer.)
Correct: من به وکیلم وکالت دادم. (I gave my lawyer power of attorney.)

Another mistake involves the preposition. Many learners use به (to) instead of برای (for) or از طرف (on behalf of). In Persian, you don't "represent to" someone; you "do representation for" them. Using به makes the sentence sound like you are giving the act of representation to someone, which is grammatically awkward.

Incorrect: او به من وکالت می‌کند. (Awkward: He represents to me.)
Correct: او برای من وکالت می‌کند. (He represents me.)

Learners also sometimes confuse وکالت کردن with نمایندگی کردن. While both involve representation, نمایندگی کردن is broader and used for sales agents, diplomats, or representatives of a company in a non-legal sense. وکالت کردن is strictly for legal or quasi-legal authority. Using وکالت کردن for a brand ambassador would sound very strange and overly legalistic.

Mistake Context: He represents Nike in Iran. (Don't use وکالت کردن here; use نمایندگی کردن.)

Register Errors: Using وکالت کردن in a very informal setting to mean "speaking for someone" can come off as sarcastic or stilted. If you are just telling a friend's side of a story in a cafe, say ازش دفاع کردم (I defended him) instead of برایش وکالت کردم.

Incorrect: مامان، من دارم برای برادرم وکالت می‌کنم که شکلات بخوره! (Too formal/weird for a kid.)

او به اشتباه فکر کرد که داشتن مدرک حقوق به معنای اجازه برای وکالت کردن است. (He mistakenly thought having a law degree meant permission to practice law.)

To truly master وکالت کردن, it is helpful to compare it with other verbs that involve representation, defense, or agency. Persian has a rich legal and administrative vocabulary, and choosing the right word depends on the specific context of the action.

وکالت کردن vs. نمایندگی کردن: وکالت کردن: Specifically legal. Involves power of attorney or courtroom representation.
نمایندگی کردن: General representation. Used for brand agents, diplomats, or members of parliament (نماینده مجلس).

او نمایندگی شرکت را دارد، اما نمی‌تواند در دادگاه وکالت کند. (He represents the company, but he cannot practice law in court.)

وکالت کردن vs. دفاع کردن: وکالت کردن: The professional act of representation (can be for the plaintiff or defendant).
دفاع کردن: To defend. This is the specific action a lawyer takes for a defendant, but it can also be used for sports or physical defense.

وکیل از موکلش دفاع کرد؛ او به خوبی وکالت کرد. (The lawyer defended his client; he practiced law well.)

Another related term is وصایت کردن (Vasāyat kardan), which refers to acting as an executor of a will or a guardian. While وکالت is usually a contract between two living parties, وصایت often involves carrying out the wishes of the deceased. Additionally, قیمومت کردن (Gheymumat kardan) is used specifically for legal guardianship of a minor or an incapacitated person.

او نه تنها وکالت او را بر عهده داشت، بلکه برای فرزندانش نیز قیمومت می‌کرد. (He not only represented him but also acted as a guardian for his children.)

Formal Alternatives: In high-level legal writing, you might encounter phrases like تصدی به امر وکالت (taking charge of the matter of representation) or اشتغال به وکالت (being employed/occupied in practicing law). These are more noun-heavy and formal than the simple verb وکالت کردن.

او از اشتغال به وکالت محروم شد. (He was barred from practicing law.)

برخی ترجیح می‌دهند به جای وکالت کردن، به تدریس حقوق بپردازند. (Some prefer teaching law instead of practicing law.)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The historical ruler Karim Khan Zand refused the title of 'Shah' and instead called himself 'Vakil-ol-Ro'aya,' meaning 'Representative of the People,' highlighting the humble and service-oriented origin of the word.

発音ガイド

UK /vɛ.kɒː.ˈlæt kær.dæn/

US /ve.kɑː.ˈlæt kɑːr.dæn/

The primary stress is on the last syllable of the noun 'vekā-LAT' and the first syllable of the auxiliary 'KAR-dan'.

韻が合う語

عدالت کردن (edālat kardan) کفالت کردن (kefālat kardan) دلالت کردن (dalālat kardan) جهالت کردن (jahālat kardan) بطالت کردن (betālat kardan) حوالت کردن (havālat kardan) دخالت کردن (dekhālat kardan) اصالت داشتن (esālat dāshtan)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'v' as 'w' (Persian does not have a 'w' sound).
Stress on the first syllable of 'vekālat'.
Merging the two words into one without a slight pause.
Mispronouncing the 'ā' as a short 'a'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'kardan'.

難易度

読解 7/5

Requires understanding of formal legal vocabulary and compound verb structures.

ライティング 8/5

Correct use of prepositions and formal tone is challenging.

スピーキング 6/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but finding the right context is key.

リスニング 7/5

Often heard in fast-paced news or complex legal dramas.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

وکیل کردن دادگاه حق برای

次に学ぶ

موکل وکالت‌نامه دادرسی قضاوت حقوقی

上級

وصایت قیمومت نیابت تنفذ بایسته

知っておくべき文法

Compound Verb Conjugation

Only 'kardan' changes: وکالت کردم، وکالت می‌کنی، وکالت خواهند کرد.

Preposition 'Barāye'

Always use 'barāye' for the beneficiary: برای او وکالت کردم.

Subjunctive Mood

Used after verbs of desire or necessity: باید وکالت کند.

Noun Incorporation

'Vekālat' acts as the object of 'kardan' but they function as one unit.

Passive Construction

Rarely used as 'وکالت شدن'; instead use 'مورد وکالت قرار گرفتن'.

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レベル別の例文

پدر من وکیل است و وکالت می‌کند.

My father is a lawyer and practices law.

Simple present tense of a compound verb.

او برای دوستش وکالت می‌کند.

He represents his friend.

Use of 'برای' for the person being represented.

آیا شما وکالت می‌کنید؟

Do you practice law?

Interrogative form.

من نمی‌خواهم وکالت کنم.

I don't want to practice law.

Negative form with 'نمی‌خواهم'.

او خوب وکالت می‌کند.

He represents well.

Adverb 'خوب' placed before the verb.

آنها در تهران وکالت می‌کنند.

They practice law in Tehran.

Plural subject with location.

برادرم می‌خواهد وکالت کند.

My brother wants to practice law.

Infinitive-like use with 'می‌خواهد'.

او برای من وکالت کرد.

He represented me.

Simple past tense.

او با وکالت‌نامه برای من وکالت کرد.

He represented me with a power of attorney.

Introducing the noun 'وکالت‌نامه'.

وکیل باید برای موکلش وکالت کند.

A lawyer must represent his client.

Use of 'باید' with subjunctive 'کند'.

او در بانک برای پدرش وکالت کرد.

He represented his father at the bank.

Contextual usage outside of court.

ما نیاز داریم کسی برایمان وکالت کند.

We need someone to represent us.

Subjunctive mood after 'نیاز داریم'.

آیا او می‌تواند در دادگاه وکالت کند؟

Can he practice law in court?

Modal verb 'توانستن'.

او دیروز در جلسه وکالت کرد.

He represented [someone] in the meeting yesterday.

Past tense with time adverb.

من برای فروش خانه وکالت می‌کنم.

I am acting as a representative for selling the house.

Specifying the purpose of representation.

او دیگر وکالت نمی‌کند.

He doesn't practice law anymore.

Negative present continuous sense.

او سال‌ها در زمینه‌ی حقوق جزا وکالت کرده است.

He has practiced law in the field of criminal law for years.

Present perfect tense.

وکیلی که برای من وکالت می‌کرد، بسیار باتجربه بود.

The lawyer who was representing me was very experienced.

Past continuous in a relative clause.

او ترجیح می‌دهد در پرونده‌های مالی وکالت کند.

He prefers to represent in financial cases.

Verb 'ترجیح دادن' with subjunctive.

اگر او برای شما وکالت کند، شانس برنده شدن دارید.

If he represents you, you have a chance of winning.

Conditional sentence type 1.

او به دلیل تخلف، دیگر حق ندارد وکالت کند.

Due to a violation, he no longer has the right to practice law.

Using 'حق داشتن' (to have the right).

آیا او برای متهم وکالت خواهد کرد؟

Will he represent the accused?

Future tense 'خواهد کرد'.

او به عنوان وکیل تسخیری برای او وکالت کرد.

He represented him as a court-appointed lawyer.

Introducing 'وکیل تسخیری'.

او برای دفاع از حقوق زنان وکالت می‌کند.

She practices law to defend women's rights.

Purpose clause with 'برای دفاع از'.

او از پذیرفتن پرونده‌هایی که در آنها تضاد منافع وجود دارد و نمی‌تواند به درستی وکالت کند، خودداری می‌کند.

He refuses to accept cases where there is a conflict of interest and he cannot properly represent.

Complex sentence with relative clauses.

وکالت کردن در دیوان عالی کشور نیازمند سال‌ها تجربه و تخصص است.

Practicing law in the Supreme Court requires years of experience and expertise.

Gerund-like usage at the start of the sentence.

او با وجود بازنشستگی، هنوز به صورت افتخاری برای برخی خیریه‌ها وکالت می‌کند.

Despite retirement, he still represents some charities on a pro bono basis.

Use of 'با وجود' (despite).

قانون به متهم اجازه می‌دهد که خودش برای خودش وکالت کند.

The law allows the accused to represent themselves.

Reflexive 'خودش برای خودش'.

او در طول دوران حرفه‌ای خود، در بیش از صد پرونده‌ی پیچیده وکالت کرده است.

Throughout his professional career, he has represented in over a hundred complex cases.

Present perfect with duration.

او قصد دارد در آینده در زمینه‌ی حقوق بین‌الملل وکالت کند.

He intends to practice law in the field of international law in the future.

Verb 'قصد داشتن' (to intend).

وکیل موظف است با صداقت و امانت‌داری برای موکل خود وکالت کند.

The lawyer is obliged to represent his client with honesty and integrity.

Passive adjective 'موظف' (obliged).

او به دلیل فشارهای سیاسی نتوانست در آن پرونده‌ی خاص وکالت کند.

Due to political pressure, he was unable to represent in that specific case.

Causal phrase 'به دلیل'.

حق وکالت کردن یکی از ارکان اساسی دادرسی عادلانه در هر نظام حقوقی پیشرفته‌ای است.

The right to legal representation is one of the fundamental pillars of a fair trial in any advanced legal system.

Nominalized verb as a subject.

او با استناد به اصول اخلاق حرفه‌ای، از وکالت کردن برای کسانی که به دنبال دور زدن قانون بودند، سر باز زد.

Citing principles of professional ethics, he refused to represent those seeking to circumvent the law.

Participial phrase 'با استناد به'.

در بسیاری از کشورها، وکالت کردن بدون داشتن عضویت در کانون وکلا جرم محسوب می‌شود.

In many countries, practicing law without membership in the Bar Association is considered a crime.

Passive structure 'محسوب می‌شود'.

او در رساله‌ی دکتری خود به بررسی چالش‌های حقوقی وکالت کردن در فضای مجازی پرداخته است.

In his doctoral thesis, he examined the legal challenges of practicing law in cyberspace.

Formal verb 'پرداختن به'.

وکالت کردن در پرونده‌های حقوق بشری اغلب با خطرات و دشواری‌های بسیاری همراه است.

Representing in human rights cases is often accompanied by many risks and difficulties.

Adverbial phrase 'اغلب با... همراه است'.

او توانست با ظرافت و هوشمندی در آن پرونده‌ی جنجالی وکالت کند و حکم برائت موکلش را بگیرد.

He was able to represent in that controversial case with subtlety and intelligence and obtain an acquittal for his client.

Compound sentence with multiple results.

محدودیت‌های اعمال شده بر حق وکالت کردن، نگرانی‌های جدی را در میان فعالان مدنی برانگیخته است.

Restrictions imposed on the right to legal representation have sparked serious concerns among civil activists.

Past participle as adjective 'اعمال شده'.

او به عنوان یک وکیل تراز اول، تنها در پرونده‌هایی وکالت می‌کند که جنبه‌ی عام‌المنفعه داشته باشند.

As a top-tier lawyer, he only represents in cases that have a public interest aspect.

Subjunctive 'داشته باشند' in a restrictive clause.

تطور تاریخی نهاد وکالت نشان می‌دهد که وکالت کردن از یک عمل داوطلبانه به یک حرفه‌ی تخصصی و انتفاعی تبدیل شده است.

The historical evolution of the institution of 'Vekalat' shows that practicing law has transformed from a voluntary act into a specialized and profit-making profession.

Academic vocabulary like 'تطور' and 'انتفاعی'.

او در تحلیل خود، وکالت کردن را نه صرفاً یک قرارداد خصوصی، بلکه یک تعهد اجتماعی در راستای تحقق عدالت می‌داند.

In his analysis, he considers practicing law not merely a private contract, but a social commitment toward the realization of justice.

Correlative conjunction 'نه صرفاً... بلکه'.

ماهیت حقوقی وکالت کردن در نظام‌های کامن‌لا و سیویل‌لا تفاوت‌های بنیادینی دارد که در رویه‌های قضایی مشهود است.

The legal nature of practicing law in common law and civil law systems has fundamental differences that are evident in judicial procedures.

Abstract legal terminology.

او با نقد ساختار فعلی، معتقد است که انحصار در وکالت کردن مانع از دسترسی عادلانه‌ی عموم به خدمات حقوقی می‌شود.

Critiquing the current structure, he believes that the monopoly in practicing law prevents the public's fair access to legal services.

Complex causal structure.

وکالت کردن در دعاوی بین‌المللی مستلزم تسلط کامل بر کنوانسیون‌ها و معاهدات چندجانبه است.

Practicing law in international disputes requires full mastery of conventions and multilateral treaties.

Use of 'مستلزم' (requires/entails).

او در دفاعیات خود، حق وکالت کردن را به عنوان یکی از پیش‌شرط‌های حاکمیت قانون بازتعریف کرد.

In his defense, he redefined the right to legal representation as one of the prerequisites for the rule of law.

Prefix 'باز' for re-action.

چالش‌های اخلاقی ناشی از وکالت کردن برای شرکت‌های چندملیتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه، موضوع بحث‌های داغی است.

Ethical challenges arising from representing multinational corporations in developing countries are the subject of heated debates.

Noun phrase with multiple modifiers.

او با نگاهی تطبیقی، به بررسی جایگاه وکالت کردن در فقه اسلامی و حقوق مدرن پرداخته است.

With a comparative perspective, he has examined the position of practicing law in Islamic jurisprudence and modern law.

Present perfect 'پرداخته است' in academic context.

よく使う組み合わせ

وکالت کردن در دادگاه

حق وکالت کردن

اجازه وکالت کردن

وکالت کردن برای موکل

به صورت رایگان وکالت کردن

در دعاوی حقوقی وکالت کردن

ممنوعیت از وکالت کردن

داوطلبانه وکالت کردن

بهترین نحو وکالت کردن

وکالت کردن در خارج

よく使うフレーズ

وکالت کردن بر عهده گرفتن

— To take on the responsibility of representation.

او وکالت من را بر عهده گرفت.

به وکالت از طرف کسی

— Acting as a representative on behalf of someone.

او به وکالت از طرف من قرارداد را امضا کرد.

پروانه وکالت کردن

— A license to practice law.

او بالاخره پروانه وکالت کردن خود را گرفت.

وکالت کردن بلاعزل

— Irrevocable representation/power of attorney.

او به من وکالت بلاعزل داد تا خانه را بفروشم.

وکالت کردن در توکیل

— The right of a lawyer to appoint another lawyer.

او حق وکالت در توکیل را دارد.

وکالت کردن تام‌الاختیار

— Full/Plenary power of representation.

او برای تمام کارهای مالی من وکالت تام‌الاختیار دارد.

وکالت کردن اتفاقی

— Occasional representation by a non-lawyer (rare legal term).

او برای برادرش وکالت اتفاقی کرد.

وکالت کردن در مطالعه پرونده

— To represent someone specifically for reviewing a case file.

او فقط برای مطالعه پرونده وکالت کرد.

وکالت کردن در صلح و سازش

— To represent someone for the purpose of mediation and settlement.

او برای صلح و سازش بین طرفین وکالت کرد.

وکالت کردن در مراجع اداری

— To represent someone in administrative offices.

او در مراجع اداری برای من وکالت می‌کند.

よく混同される語

وکالت کردن vs وکالت دادن

This means to give power of attorney to someone else, not to perform the representation yourself.

وکالت کردن vs وکیل گرفتن

This means to hire a lawyer. 'وکالت کردن' is what the lawyer does after being hired.

وکالت کردن vs نمایندگی کردن

This is for general agents (sales, business) rather than legal representation.

慣用句と表現

"وکیل وصی کسی بودن"

— To act as someone's guardian or constant defender (often used sarcastically).

تو مگر وکیل وصی او هستی که همیشه از او دفاع می‌کنی؟

Informal

"وکیل مدافع شیطان بودن"

— To be a devil's advocate.

نمی‌خواهم وکیل مدافع شیطان باشم، اما او هم حق دارد.

Neutral

"کلاه وکالت سر کسی گذاشتن"

— To trick someone using legal jargon or status (rare).

او با کلاه وکالت سرش را کلاه گذاشت.

Slang

"حق‌الوکاله را بالا کشیدن"

— To take the legal fee without doing the work.

او حق‌الوکاله را بالا کشید و وکالت نکرد.

Informal

"وکالت به ناف کسی بستن"

— To force a representative role on someone.

او وکالت تمام کارها را به ناف من بست.

Informal

"وکیل‌باشی بازی درآوردن"

— To act like a know-it-all lawyer.

انقدر وکیل‌باشی بازی درنیار!

Slang

"دست به وکالت شدن"

— To start practicing law (informal).

او تازه دست به وکالت شده است.

Informal

"وکالت خود را به خدا سپردن"

— To leave one's defense/fate to God.

من وکالت خودم را به خدا سپردم.

Religious/Literary

"وکیل‌الرعایا"

— Representative of the people (historical title of Karim Khan Zand).

او خودش را وکیل‌الرعایا می‌نامید.

Historical

"در پوست وکیل رفتن"

— To get into the character of a lawyer.

او کاملاً در پوست وکیل رفته و جدی وکالت می‌کند.

Neutral

間違えやすい

وکالت کردن vs ولایت

Sounds similar and involves authority.

Volāyat is guardianship (like a father over a child), Vekālat is contractual representation.

پدر ولایت دارد، اما وکیل وکالت می‌کند.

وکالت کردن vs وصایت

Legal term for acting for others.

Vosāyat is specifically for executing a will after death.

او وصایت اموال پدرش را بر عهده داشت.

وکالت کردن vs کفالت

Legal term ending in -at.

Kefālat is acting as a guarantor or bail bondsman.

او کفالت برادرش را برای آزادی از زندان پذیرفت.

وکالت کردن vs حوالت

Sounds similar.

Havālat means to refer or transfer a task/money.

او کار را به دیگری حوالت کرد.

وکالت کردن vs دلالت

Rhymes with Vekālat.

Dalālat means to indicate or signify.

این نشانه بر بیماری دلالت می‌کند.

文型パターン

[Subject] برای [Person] وکالت کرد.

من برای پدرم وکالت کردم.

[Subject] می‌خواهد در [Field] وکالت کند.

او می‌خواهد در حقوق خانواده وکالت کند.

با وجود [Obstacle]، او برای [Person] وکالت کرد.

با وجود خطرات، او برای زندانیان وکالت کرد.

حقِ وکالت کردن در [Context] تضمین شده است.

حق وکالت کردن در تمام مراحل دادرسی تضمین شده است.

تطبیقِ ماهیتِ وکالت کردن با [Theory] دشوار است.

تطبیق ماهیت وکالت کردن با نظریات جدید حقوقی دشوار است.

آیا شما اجازه دارید که وکالت کنید؟

آیا شما اجازه دارید که در این دادگاه وکالت کنید؟

او از وکالت کردن در این پرونده انصراف داد.

وکیل از وکالت کردن در این پرونده انصراف داد.

او خوب وکالت نمی‌کند.

آن وکیل اصلا خوب وکالت نمی‌کند.

語族

名詞

وکیل (Lawyer/Agent)

موکل (Client)

وکالت‌نامه (Power of Attorney)

حق‌الوکاله (Legal Fee)

کانون وکلا (Bar Association)

動詞

وکیل گرفتن (To hire a lawyer)

وکالت دادن (To give power of attorney)

توکیل کردن (To appoint a sub-agent)

形容詞

وکالتی (Related to representation/agency)

وکیلانه (Lawyer-like)

使い方

frequency

Common in legal and administrative contexts; rare in casual daily life.

よくある間違い

من به او وکالت کردم. → من برای او وکالت کردم.
You represent 'for' someone, not 'to' someone.
او وکالت شد. → او وکیل شد.
You 'become a lawyer' (Vakil shod), you don't 'become representation'.
من وکالت کردم که او را بکشم. → من وکالت کردم تا از او دفاع کنم.
Representation is for legal defense/agency, not for illegal acts.
او وکالت داد برای من. → او برای من وکالت کرد.
Using 'dādan' (give) means he gave you the job; 'kardan' means you are doing the job.
وکالت کردن در فوتبال. → نمایندگی کردن در فوتبال.
Unless it's a legal case, use 'Namāyandegi' for sports agents.

ヒント

Auxiliary Focus

Always remember that 'kardan' is the part that changes. 'Vekālat' never changes its ending.

Agent vs Client

The person who 'وکالت می‌کند' is the 'Vakil'. The person they do it for is the 'Movakkel'.

Respect the Title

Being called 'Vakil' is a sign of prestige. Using the verb 'وکالت کردن' correctly shows you respect the profession.

The Power of Attorney

If you have a 'Vekālat-nāme', you are legally allowed to 'وکالت کردن' for the person who signed it.

Formal Reports

In news reports, use 'ایشان برای متهم وکالت کردند' (plural/honorific) to show respect.

Clarity

When speaking, ensure you don't confuse it with 'Vekālat dādan' (giving the power).

The 'V' Sound

Associate 'Vekālat' with 'Voice'. You are the voice of your client.

Administrative Use

Use this verb at the 'Daftarkhāne' (Notary office) to sound more like a native speaker.

Professionalism

Using this verb implies you are acting within a legal framework, not just helping out.

Subjunctive Use

Master sentences like 'من باید برای او وکالت کنم' to express obligation.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Vehicle' (Vekālat) that carries your voice into the 'Court' (Kardan). A lawyer is the vehicle for your legal rights.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person handing a golden key (representing authority) to another person in a suit who then opens a heavy courtroom door.

Word Web

Lawyer Court Agent Trust Contract Defense Signature Authority

チャレンジ

Try to write a three-sentence story about a famous historical lawyer (like Lincoln) using the verb 'وکالت کردن' in the past tense.

語源

The word 'Vekālat' is borrowed from the Arabic root 'W-K-L' (و-ک-ل), which relates to entrusting, relying upon, or appointing an agent. It entered Persian through Islamic legal influence.

元の意味： In Arabic, 'Wakalah' means the act of entrusting one's affairs to another. In early Islamic law, it was a contract of agency.

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) verbal structure.

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'وکالت کردن' in political contexts in Iran, as legal representation for political prisoners is a sensitive and often restricted topic.

In English, we say 'practice law' or 'represent.' Persian uses one compound verb for both, which can be confusing for English speakers who distinguish between the profession and the specific act.

Karim Khan Zand (Vakil-ol-Ro'aya) Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh (who famously represented Iran at the Hague) The movie 'The Salesman' by Asghar Farhadi (legal themes)

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Courtroom

دفاع از موکل
ارائه لایحه
اعتراض به حکم
وکالت در دادگاه تجدیدنظر

Notary Office

تنظیم وکالت‌نامه
عزل وکیل
وکالت بلاعزل
امضای قرارداد

Banking

برداشت از حساب
وکالت در امور مالی
تایید امضا
نماینده قانونی

Real Estate

فروش ملک
انتقال سند
وکالت در فروش
مبایعه‌نامه

Academic Law

اخلاق حرفه‌ای
حقوق جزا
فلسفه حقوق
کانون وکلا

会話のきっかけ

"آیا تا به حال مجبور شده‌اید برای کسی وکالت کنید؟"

"به نظر شما مهم‌ترین ویژگی یک وکیل که خوب وکالت می‌کند چیست؟"

"در کشور شما، آیا هر کسی می‌تواند برای خودش در دادگاه وکالت کند؟"

"اگر وکیل بودید، ترجیح می‌دادید در چه پرونده‌هایی وکالت کنید؟"

"آیا تفاوت بین 'نمایندگی کردن' و 'وکالت کردن' را می‌دانید؟"

日記のテーマ

درباره زمانی بنویسید که کسی برای شما وکالت کرد و مشکلی را حل نمود.

اگر قدرت داشتید که برای تمام مردم دنیا وکالت کنید، چه حقی را از آنها دفاع می‌کردید؟

چالش‌های اخلاقی وکالت کردن برای کسی که می‌دانید گناهکار است را توصیف کنید.

تفاوت‌های فرهنگی در نحوه وکالت کردن در کشورهای مختلف را مقایسه کنید.

چرا حرفه وکالت و عمل وکالت کردن در جامعه مدرن اینقدر با اهمیت است؟

よくある質問

10 問

Technically yes, but it sounds very formal or sarcastic. It's better to use 'دفاع کردن' (to defend) for informal situations.

'وکیل' is the noun (lawyer/agent), and 'وکالت کردن' is the verb (to act as a lawyer/agent).

Yes, for court cases you need a 'Paryāne-ye Vekālat' (Law License). For administrative tasks, you just need a notarized 'Vekālat-nāme'.

Use 'برای' (for) or 'از طرف' (on behalf of) to indicate the person you are representing.

Yes, it is used in Afghanistan with the same meaning, though 'نمایندگی' is also very common there.

Usually, MPs are called 'Namāyande', but the act of representing a district is sometimes formally called 'Vekālat-e Majles'.

You can say 'وکالتِ تبرعی' or 'وکالت رایگان کردن'.

It is 'Irrevocable Power of Attorney,' meaning the person giving the power cannot easily take it back.

It is common in adult, professional life, but children or students might not use it daily.

No, 'نمایندگی کردن' or 'سفیر برند بودن' is correct for that context.

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