A1 · 初級 チャプター 12

Connecting Sentences with Who, That, and Where

5 トータルルール
55 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Transform simple, choppy sentences into fluid, descriptive French conversations using powerful relative pronouns.

  • Connect people and things using 'qui' and 'que'.
  • Describe locations and moments with 'où'.
  • Master the subtle mechanics of agreement and flow.
Glue your ideas together like a native speaker.

学べること

Hey there, language adventurer! Ready to level up your French? In this super exciting chapter, you're going to unlock the secret to sounding much more natural and fluent by connecting your sentences like a pro! No more choppy, simple sentences – we're giving you the 'glue' you need! You'll master three powerhouse little words: 'qui' (who/that), 'que' (that/which), and 'où' (where/when). Imagine you're talking about a new friend: instead of saying,

This is my friend. He speaks French very well,
you'll soon be saying,
This is my friend *who* speaks French very well!
See how much smoother that sounds? Or maybe you're describing your favorite café; you'll learn how to say, "That's the café *where* I study every day." We'll start by understanding qui for describing people or things that *do* something, then move to que for describing things that *are* something. After that, will open up a whole new world for talking about places and even specific times. And we'll even share a neat trick about qui and avoir that will make your French even more polished! By the end of this chapter, you won't just know these words; you'll be able to effortlessly link descriptions to people, objects, and places, making your conversations so much richer and more engaging. Get ready to connect your French ideas with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'qui', 'que', and 'où' to combine two simple sentences into one complex description.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Hey there, language adventurer! Ready to level up your French? In this super exciting chapter, you're going to unlock the secret to sounding much more natural and fluent by connecting your sentences like a pro!
No more choppy, simple sentences – we're giving you the 'glue' you need! This guide is perfect for French grammar A1 learners looking to expand their conversational skills and understand native speakers better. Mastering these connectors is a crucial step in your CEFR journey, allowing you to express more complex ideas even at a beginner level.
We'll focus on three powerhouse little words: qui (who/that), que (that/which), and (where/when). Imagine you're talking about a new friend: instead of saying,
This is my friend. He speaks French very well,
you'll soon be saying,
This is my friend who speaks French very well!
See how much smoother that sounds?
Or maybe you're describing your favorite café; you'll learn how to say, "That's the café where I study every day." Get ready to connect your French ideas with confidence!

How This Grammar Works

Let's dive into the core of how these essential French grammar connectors function. First up is the French Subject Pronoun: 'qui' (who/that). Think of qui as the doer in your sentence. It replaces a subject (a person or a thing) and is always followed by a verb.
* *C'est l'homme qui parle.* (It's the man who speaks.)
* *J'ai un chien qui aime jouer.* (I have a dog that loves to play.)
Next, we have the French Relative Pronoun 'Que': Connecting Ideas (that, which). Unlike qui, que replaces a direct object – the person or thing that *receives* the action of the verb. It is always followed by a subject (a noun or pronoun) and then a verb.
Remember, que becomes qu' before a vowel or a silent 'h'.
* *C'est le livre que je lis.* (It's the book that I read.)
* *Voilà la femme qu'il aime.* (There is the woman whom he loves.)
Then, we introduce the versatile French Place Pronoun: Where & When (). means where when referring to a place, connecting a location to an action.
* *C'est la ville j'habite.* (It's the city where I live.)
It also serves as a French Time Connector: 'When' (où), linking an event to a specific time.
* *C'est le jour je pars.* (It's the day when I leave.)
Finally, let's look at the French Pronoun Power: No Agreement with 'qui' (qui + avoir). This refers to a specific emphatic construction: *C'est... qui...* or *Ce sont... qui...*. In these phrases, qui introduces the verb, but the verb agrees with the pronoun *before* qui.
* *C'est moi qui ai faim.* (It is I who am hungry.) (Here, *ai* agrees with *moi*, not *qui*.)
* *C'est toi qui as raison.* (It is you who are right.)
These structures are fundamental for building more complex and natural-sounding sentences in A1 French.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: *C'est le film que est intéressant.*
Correct: *C'est le film qui est intéressant.*
*Explanation:* In this sentence, le film is the subject of the verb est (is). Therefore, you need qui (who/that), which acts as a subject pronoun, not que.
  1. 1Wrong: *C'est la voiture que il a achetée.*
Correct: *C'est la voiture qu'il a achetée.*
*Explanation:* When que is followed by a word starting with a vowel (like *il*, *elle*, *on*, *un*, *une*, *à*, *en*), it must elide and become qu' for smoother pronunciation.
  1. 1Wrong: *C'est la maison qui j'habite.*
Correct: *C'est la maison où j'habite.*
*Explanation:* Qui is for subjects (who/that), and que is for direct objects (that/which). When you're talking about *where* an action takes place, you need (where).

Real Conversations

A

A

*Tu connais la femme qui parle là-bas ?* (Do you know the woman who is speaking over there?)
B

B

*Oui, c'est mon amie qui travaille ici.* (Yes, she's my friend who works here.)
A

A

*J'adore le café nous avons bu un chocolat chaud hier.* (I love the cafe where we drank hot chocolate yesterday.)
B

B

*Moi aussi ! C'est le meilleur chocolat que j'ai jamais goûté.* (Me too! It's the best chocolate that I have ever tasted.)

Quick FAQ

Q

*How do I choose between 'qui' and 'que' in French A1 sentences?*

*To choose between qui and que in French A1 sentences, remember that qui acts as the subject of the next verb (the doer), while que acts as the direct object (the receiver of the action).*

Q

*Can 'où' only be used for places in French, or does it have other uses?*

*No, is not just for places! It can also be used as a French Time Connector: 'When' (où), linking a specific time or moment to an event, like in

le jour
(the day when).*

Q

*What's the purpose of the 'C'est moi qui...' construction in French grammar?*

*The 'C'est moi qui...' structure is used for emphasis. It highlights the person performing the action, making the sentence more personal and impactful, as covered in French Pronoun Power: No Agreement with 'qui' (qui + avoir).*

Cultural Context

These little connecting words – qui, que, and – are absolutely everywhere in spoken and written French! Native speakers use them constantly to create fluid, natural sentences, moving beyond simple subject-verb-object structures. They are fundamental for expressing relationships between ideas, people, and places.
While there aren't significant regional differences in their basic usage at the A1 French level, mastering them will immediately make your French sound more authentic and less like you're translating directly from English. They are the building blocks for more complex thoughts and are key to understanding everyday conversations.

重要な例文 (4)

1

C'est le film que je regarde sur Netflix.

これは私がNetflixで見ている映画です。

フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)
2

Le message qu'elle a envoyé est drôle.

彼女が送ったメッセージは面白いです。

フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)
3

Les amies qui ont regardé le film sont parties.

映画を見た友達は帰りました。

フランス語の関係代名詞:'qui' との一致は不要 (qui + avoir)
4

Les influenceuses qui ont posté cette vidéo sont célèbres.

この動画を投稿したインフルエンサーたちは有名です。

フランス語の関係代名詞:'qui' との一致は不要 (qui + avoir)

ヒントとコツ (4)

⚠️

短縮は絶対にダメ!

母音で始まる動詞が来ても qu' にはなりません。いつでも qui のままです: "C'est le train qui arrive."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の主格関係代名詞:'qui' (~するところの)
⚠️

絶対に省略しないで!

英語では 'The car I want' と言えますが、フランス語では
La voiture que je veux.
と言う必要があります。 que を抜かさないように気をつけて!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)
⚠️

アクセントは必須です!

アクセント(ù)を忘れると「または」という意味になって、文章が通じなくなります。
Tu veux du café ou du thé ?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 場所の代名詞:どこ・いつ (`où`)
⚠️

Quandの罠に注意!

名詞のすぐ後に quand を置くのはフランス語では間違いです。「〜した日」と言いたいときは、必ず を使いましょう。 "Le jour où je t'ai vu."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の時を表す接続詞:'~の時' (où)

重要な語彙 (6)

qui who/that que that/which where/when le café the cafe l'ami the friend le livre the book

Real-World Preview

message-circle

Meeting a Local

Review Summary

  • Noun + qui + verb
  • Noun + que + subject + verb
  • Place + où + subject + verb
  • Time + où + subject + verb
  • Noun + qui + a/ont

よくある間違い

You used 'qui' (subject) instead of 'que' (object). The book is being read, not doing the reading.

Wrong: C'est le livre qui je lis.
正解: C'est le livre que je lis.

Cities are places, so use 'où', not 'que'.

Wrong: La ville que j'habite.
正解: La ville où j'habite.

Remember to use elision (qu') before a vowel sound!

Wrong: L'ami qui elle a vu.
正解: L'ami qu'elle a vu.

このチャプターのルール (5)

Next Steps

You've made incredible progress! Take a moment to celebrate your new ability to speak in complex, fluid sentences.

Write 5 sentences describing your favorite places in your city using 'où'.

クイック練習 (10)

この文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

C'est le moment quand le match finit.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: C'est le moment où le match finit.
'le moment' のような時の名詞の後に quand を使うことはできません。 に置き換える必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の時を表す接続詞:'~の時' (où)

空欄に正しい関係代名詞を入れてください。

Le jour ___ je suis arrivé, il pleuvait.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
フランス語では、名詞(le jour)を説明する「時」のつなぎ言葉として 'où' を使います。 'quand' はここでは使いません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の時を表す接続詞:'~の時' (où)

文章の間違いを見つけて直してください。

Le livre que est sur la table est à moi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le livre qui est sur la table est à moi.
est は動詞なので、目的語の que ではなく主語の qui を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の主格関係代名詞:'qui' (~するところの)

空欄に 'que' または 'qu'' を入れてください。

C'est le café ___ j'aime.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: que
次の単語が子音(j)で始まり、後ろに主語(je)があるので que を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)

正しい文章はどれですか?

文法的に正しいものを選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: La pizza qu'il mange est bonne.
il が母音で始まるので、 que ではなく qu' を使うのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)

文法的に正しい文章を選んでください。

正しい文はどれ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: L'année où j'ai fini l'école.
特定の年(l'année)を説明するための正しい架け橋は 'où' です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の時を表す接続詞:'~の時' (où)

文法的に正しい文章はどれですか?

短縮(エリジオン)に注意して選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: C'est le train qui arrive.
qui は母音の前でも qu' に短縮されることはありません。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の主格関係代名詞:'qui' (~するところの)

間違いを見つけて直しましょう。

Find and fix the mistake:

Le livre qui tu lis est vieux.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Le livre que tu lis est vieux.
qui は主語になる時に使います。ここでは tu が主語なので、 que を使う必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の関係代名詞「Que」:アイデアをつなぐ (that, which)

空欄に正しい関係代名詞を入れてください。

Je cherche l'homme ____ a mon téléphone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: qui
動詞 a (持っている) の前で主語の役割をするので qui を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フランス語の主格関係代名詞:'qui' (~するところの)

メッセージ内の間違いを直してください。

C'est {la|f} plage ou on va demain !

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: C'est la plage où on va demain !
ビーチという「場所」を説明しているので、アクセント付きの 'où' が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 場所の代名詞:どこ・いつ (`où`)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

両方に使えます!英語では who と that/which を使い分けますが、フランス語は qui ひとつでOKです。
La voiture qui roule.
後ろを見てください。動詞が続けば主語の qui、主語(jeなど)が続けば目的語の que です。 "L'homme qui mange."
はい、この形では後ろに来る動詞の直接目的語になります。
Le film que je regarde
(私が見る映画)のようにね。
次の単語が母音または無音の h で始まる時だけです。例: "qu'il« や »qu'elle"。
基本は場所ですが、「〜の時」のように時間を指すこともあります。
Le jour où je suis parti.
アクセントがない ou は「AかBか」の選択、ある は場所や時間を表します。 Thé ou café ?