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B1 adjective 11分で読める

fautif

例文 fautif 30秒で
解説 fautif in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just beginning to learn how to describe people and things. You might not use the word 'fautif' very often because it is a bit more advanced than the basic words you usually learn. However, it is helpful to know that 'fautif' comes from the word 'faute', which means 'mistake'. At this level, if you want to say someone made a mistake, you usually say 'Il a fait une faute'. The word 'fautif' is the adjective version. Think of it like this: if you break a toy, your parents might say you are 'at fault'. In French, that is 'fautif'. It is always used for something negative. You wouldn't use it for something good. Remember that if you are talking about a girl or a feminine thing, you change 'fautif' to 'fautive'. For example, if a girl is at fault, she is 'fautive'. It's a useful word to recognize when you are listening to stories or simple news reports about who did something wrong. Even though you might not say it yourself yet, recognizing the root 'faut-' will help you understand that something went wrong in the sentence. It's a building block for your French vocabulary.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to use more descriptive adjectives. You might encounter 'fautif' when reading simple stories or news snippets. At this stage, you should focus on the grammar: 'fautif' for masculine and 'fautive' for feminine. You can use it in simple sentences like 'Le joueur est fautif' (The player is at fault) or 'La réponse est fautive' (The answer is incorrect). You are beginning to understand that French has different words for different kinds of 'wrong'. While you know 'mauvais' (bad), 'fautif' is more specific because it means someone is responsible for a mistake. It is often used in games or sports at this level. If you are playing a game with friends and someone breaks a rule, you can say they are 'fautif'. It's a step up from just saying 'non' or 'pas bien'. You are starting to assign responsibility. Practice using it with the verb 'être' (to be). It's a great way to make your descriptions sound a bit more mature than just using A1 vocabulary. Also, notice how it sounds: the 'f' at the end of 'fautif' is pronounced, which is a common feature of adjectives ending in 'if'.
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At the B1 level, 'fautif' becomes a very useful part of your vocabulary. You are now expected to handle everyday situations, including explaining problems or discussing responsibility. 'Fautif' allows you to be precise about who is to blame without sounding overly aggressive. For example, in a professional setting, you might describe a 'comportement fautif' (wrongful behavior). This is much more precise than just saying 'un mauvais comportement'. You are also learning to distinguish between 'fautif' and 'coupable'. As a B1 learner, you should know that 'coupable' is for serious crimes, while 'fautif' is for errors, negligence, or being at fault in an accident. You will see this word often in news articles about road safety or minor legal disputes. It's also common in academic contexts to describe a 'raisonnement fautif' (a flawed argument). Mastering this word shows that you can move beyond simple descriptions and start analyzing situations. You should also be comfortable using the plural forms 'fautifs' and 'fautives'. This level is all about nuance, and 'fautif' provides exactly that—a way to discuss blame and error in a standard, clear, and slightly formal way.
At the B2 level, you should be able to use 'fautif' in complex arguments and formal writing. You will encounter it in more specialized contexts, such as 'droit du travail' (labor law) or 'droit civil' (civil law). At this level, you understand that 'fautif' isn't just about making a mistake; it's about a failure to fulfill a duty or obligation. You might discuss whether a company's actions were 'fautives' in an environmental context or if a politician's choices were 'fautives'. You can also use it to critique literature or art, describing a 'style fautif' that lacks proper technique. Your understanding of the word should now include its abstract applications. You might use it in a debate to point out a 'logique fautive' in your opponent's argument. You should also be aware of how 'fautif' interacts with other words, like in the phrase 'partie fautive' (the party at fault). At B2, your French is becoming more professional, and 'fautif' is a key term for professional accountability. You are no longer just saying 'who did it'; you are characterizing the nature of the error and the responsibility that follows. It's a word that helps you bridge the gap between casual conversation and formal analysis.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the nuances of 'fautif'. You recognize its use in classical literature and high-level legal discourse. You can distinguish between 'une faute' (a mistake) and 'un acte fautif' (a wrongful act) with precision. You might use the word to describe subtle failures in social contracts or complex ethical dilemmas. At this level, you are sensitive to the register of the word—knowing that 'fautif' is more formal and analytical than saying 'c'est sa faute'. You might use it in an essay to analyze the 'caractère fautif' of a character's actions in a novel, exploring themes of guilt and responsibility. You also understand its linguistic application perfectly, using it to describe 'tours fautifs' (incorrect linguistic turns) in a philological or grammatical critique. Your usage is effortless, and you can switch between 'fautif', 'blâmable', 'répréhensible', and 'erroné' depending on the exact shade of meaning you wish to convey. You understand that 'fautif' carries a certain weight of judgment but remains grounded in the objective existence of a 'faute'. It is a word that allows for sophisticated moral and technical evaluation, fitting perfectly into the repertoire of a near-native speaker.
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At the C2 level, 'fautif' is a tool for absolute precision in expression. You are aware of its etymological roots and its historical evolution in the French language. You can use it in the most formal contexts, such as writing a legal brief, a philosophical treatise, or a high-level administrative report. You understand the subtle differences between 'responsabilité pour faute' and 'comportement fautif' in various legal systems. In literary analysis, you might use 'fautif' to describe a deliberate breaking of rules by an author to achieve a specific effect, or conversely, to critique a failure of form. Your mastery of the word includes its rarest uses and its most technical applications in fields like logic, where a 'syllogisme fautif' must be dissected with care. You are also capable of using the word with irony or in metaphorical senses that a lower-level learner might miss. For you, 'fautif' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a concept that you can manipulate to express exact degrees of blame, error, and responsibility across all domains of human activity. You can discuss the 'fautivité' (a rarer noun form) of an action with the same ease as any other complex abstract noun, showing a complete integration of the word into your intellectual framework.
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例文

fautif 30秒で

  • Fautif means 'at fault' or 'blameworthy' in French.
  • It is used for both people (responsibility) and things (errors).
  • The feminine form is 'fautive' and the plural is 'fautifs/fautives'.
  • It is common in legal, professional, and academic contexts.

The French adjective fautif (feminine: fautive) is a versatile term primarily used to describe someone or something that is at fault, blameworthy, or contains an error. While its most direct English translation is 'guilty' or 'at fault,' it carries a specific weight in French that distinguishes it from the more intense coupable (guilty of a crime). When you call a person fautif, you are identifying them as the source of a mistake, a lapse in judgment, or a failure to meet a standard. This word is deeply rooted in the concept of la faute (the fault or mistake), and it serves as the descriptive bridge between an action and the responsibility for that action.

Moral Responsibility
In daily social interactions, fautif is used to point out who is responsible for a mishap. If a friend forgets an important date, they are fautif. It implies a moral obligation that was not met, though not necessarily a legal crime. It is about the 'who' in the question 'Who is to blame?'
Legal and Professional Contexts
In French labor law and civil law, the term takes on a more technical meaning. A comportement fautif (faulty behavior) can be grounds for dismissal from a job. Here, it signifies a breach of contract or a failure to follow regulations. It is less about 'feeling' guilty and more about the objective state of having committed a 'faute'.
Technical Defects
Interestingly, fautif can also apply to inanimate objects or abstract concepts like logic. A raisonnement fautif is a flawed or erroneous line of reasoning. A pièce fautive might refer to a defective part in a machine that caused a breakdown. In this sense, it aligns with 'incorrect' or 'defective'.

"Il est difficile d'admettre que l'on est fautif quand les conséquences sont graves."

Translation: It is difficult to admit that one is at fault when the consequences are serious.

One must also consider the gender agreement. Because it is an adjective ending in '-if', it follows the standard pattern of changing to '-ive' for feminine nouns. For example, la partie fautive (the party at fault) refers to a feminine entity, such as a company (une entreprise) or a person (une personne). This grammatical shift is crucial for B1 learners to master, as it demonstrates a command of French syntax beyond the basic vocabulary level.

"La gestion fautive du projet a mené à son échec total."

Translation: The faulty management of the project led to its total failure.

In summary, fautif is the word you reach for when you need to assign responsibility for a negative outcome that stems from an error or a breach of duty. It sits comfortably between the simple 'wrong' and the heavy 'criminal,' making it an essential tool for nuanced communication in personal, professional, and academic French environments.

Using fautif correctly requires an understanding of both its grammatical placement and its semantic range. As an adjective, it typically follows the noun it modifies or follows a linking verb like être (to be), sembler (to seem), or paraître (to appear). Unlike some adjectives that can change meaning based on their position, fautif is stable, always indicating the presence of a fault or error.

Attributive Usage
When placed directly after a noun, it describes a specific quality of that noun. For example, un acte fautif (a wrongful act). This is common in formal writing and legal documents where specific actions are being categorized as incorrect.
Predicative Usage
This is the most common way learners will use the word. Using the structure [Subject] + [Verb] + fautif. Example: Le conducteur est fautif. (The driver is at fault). This structure is used to assign blame clearly and directly.

"Bien qu'il s'excuse, il reste fautif aux yeux de la loi."

Translation: Although he apologizes, he remains at fault in the eyes of the law.

When applying fautif to plural subjects, remember the standard rules of agreement: fautifs (masculine plural) and fautives (feminine plural). For instance, if you are discussing two companies that shared responsibility for an environmental disaster, you would say: Les deux entreprises sont fautives. This level of agreement is a hallmark of B1 proficiency and is essential for clarity.

In a technical or linguistic context, fautif describes errors in production. A student might make a construction fautive in an essay, meaning a grammatically incorrect sentence structure. In these cases, the word is synonymous with erroné or incorrect. It suggests that a rule was broken or a standard was not met, whether intentionally or not.

"L'utilisation d'un terme fautif peut changer tout le sens du contrat."

Translation: The use of a faulty term can change the entire meaning of the contract.

Finally, consider the emotional tone. Calling someone fautif is an objective assessment of blame. It is less personal than calling them 'bad' but more accusatory than saying they made a mistake. It focuses on the state of responsibility, making it a powerful word in negotiations, debates, and formal critiques.

You are likely to encounter fautif in several distinct areas of French life, ranging from the evening news to the classroom and the courtroom. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the specific flavor of 'fault' being discussed.

The Legal and Judicial World
In reports about car accidents or insurance claims, the word is ubiquitous. The procès-verbal (police report) will often determine who is the conducteur fautif. Unlike the criminal 'guilty' (coupable), this refers to the person whose insurance will have to pay because they failed to follow the rules of the road.
Workplace and Employment
French labor law is very protective of employees, so when someone is fired, the reason must be documented. You will hear about faute grave or licenciement pour motif fautif. This means the employee did something wrong—coming in late, behaving unprofessionally, or failing in their duties—that justified their dismissal.
Sports and Games
In sports commentary, particularly in football (soccer) or rugby, a referee might identify a joueur fautif. This is the player who committed the foul or the error that led to a penalty. It is a quick, efficient way to identify the person responsible for a stoppage in play.

"Après analyse de la vidéo, l'arbitre a désigné le défenseur comme étant le seul fautif."

Translation: After analyzing the video, the referee designated the defender as the only one at fault.

In everyday conversation, while people might say C'est de ma faute, you might hear a parent say to a child, Tu sais que tu es fautif dans cette histoire (You know you're at fault in this situation). It adds a layer of seriousness and educational correction to the conversation. It moves the discussion from 'you made a mistake' to 'you are responsible for this error'.

"Dans ce conflit de voisinage, les deux parties se renvoient la balle, mais l'une d'elles est clairement plus fautive."

Translation: In this neighborhood conflict, both parties are passing the buck, but one of them is clearly more at fault.

Television dramas and crime procedurals also use this word during investigations. Detectives might look for the élément fautif in a series of events—the one thing that went wrong and led to the crime. It is a word of analysis, deduction, and ultimately, accountability.

For English speakers, the primary challenges with fautif involve confusing it with its noun form, misapplying its intensity compared to other words, and forgetting gender agreement. Because 'fault' and 'faulty' look so similar in English, it's easy to trip over the French equivalents.

Confusing Noun and Adjective
A common error is saying *Je suis faute instead of C'est ma faute or Je suis fautif. Remember: faute is the noun (the mistake), and fautif is the adjective (the person/thing that is at fault). You cannot 'be' a noun in this context.
Overusing 'Coupable'
English speakers often reach for coupable (guilty) because it feels more natural. However, coupable implies a crime or a deep moral sin. If you accidentally broke a glass, you are fautif, but calling yourself coupable sounds overly dramatic, as if you committed a felony.
The 'Fautive' Agreement
Many learners forget to change the ending to fautive when referring to feminine nouns. For example, Une décision fautive (A faulty decision). Using the masculine form here is a clear grammatical error that can make your French sound unpolished.

"Attention : ne dites pas 'Il est fautif de l'accident' mais plutôt 'Il est responsable de l'accident' ou 'Il est le conducteur fautif'."

Note on natural phrasing and preposition use.

Another mistake is using fautif to describe a person's character in general. It is almost always tied to a specific incident or a specific set of errors. You wouldn't say someone is a 'fautif person' as a personality trait (like 'lazy' or 'kind'); you would say they were fautif in a particular situation.

"Une orthographe fautive peut nuire à votre crédibilité professionnelle."

Translation: Faulty spelling can harm your professional credibility.

Finally, B1 learners should avoid using fautif when they actually mean 'wrong' in the sense of 'not correct'. If a mathematical answer is 5 but you said 4, your answer is fausse (false) or incorrecte. While fautive could technically work, it implies a 'fault' or 'blame' that is usually too heavy for a simple math error.

To truly master fautif, you must see how it sits within a family of words related to errors and responsibility. Choosing the right synonym can drastically change the tone of your sentence.

Fautif vs. Coupable
As mentioned, coupable is 'guilty' in a legal or moral sense (guilty of a crime, guilty of lying). Fautif is more about the technicality of being the one who made the mistake. You are fautif for a typo, but coupable of fraud.
Fautif vs. Responsable
Responsable is neutral. You can be responsable for a success or a failure. Fautif is inherently negative. If you say someone is responsable of an accident, you are stating a fact. If you say they are fautif, you are actively blaming them.
Fautif vs. Erroné / Incorrect
When describing things (like logic or grammar), erroné and incorrect are much more common in daily speech. Fautif is reserved for when the error is seen as a 'fault' of the creator or a failure of a system.

"Son analyse était erronée car elle se basait sur des chiffres fautifs."

Translation: His analysis was erroneous because it was based on faulty figures.

In formal settings, you might also encounter défectueux (defective). While fautif can describe a part in a machine, défectueux is the standard industrial term. A 'fautif' part sounds almost as if the part itself made a moral choice, whereas 'défectueux' is purely physical.

Finally, consider the word blâmable (blameworthy). This is a very close synonym to fautif but is used more in high-level literature or formal ethical discussions. It emphasizes the fact that the person deserves to be blamed, whereas fautif simply states that they are the one at fault.

"Il n'est pas fautif, il a simplement manqué de chance."

Translation: He is not at fault; he simply had bad luck.

Expanding your vocabulary with these alternatives allows you to tailor your message to the situation. Whether you are writing a legal complaint, correcting a student's work, or discussing a friend's mishap, choosing between fautif and its synonyms will make your French sound more natural and precise.

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レベル別の例文

1

Il a fait une erreur, il est fautif.

He made a mistake, he is at fault.

Simple subject + verb + adjective structure.

2

Elle est fautive dans ce jeu.

She is at fault in this game.

Feminine agreement: 'fautive'.

3

Le chien n'est pas fautif.

The dog is not at fault.

Negation using 'ne... pas'.

4

Qui est fautif ici ?

Who is at fault here?

Interrogative sentence with 'qui'.

5

C'est un acte fautif.

It is a wrongful act.

Attributive adjective after the noun.

6

Ils sont fautifs tous les deux.

They are both at fault.

Masculine plural agreement: 'fautifs'.

7

Ma réponse était fautive.

My answer was incorrect.

Feminine agreement with 'réponse'.

8

Tu n'es pas fautif, c'est un accident.

You are not at fault, it is an accident.

Informal 'tu' address.

1

Le conducteur fautif doit payer les réparations.

The driver at fault must pay for the repairs.

Adjective modifying the noun 'conducteur'.

2

La direction est jugée fautive par les employés.

The management is judged at fault by the employees.

Passive-style construction with 'jugée'.

3

Il a admis être fautif après la dispute.

He admitted being at fault after the argument.

Infinitive 'être' following 'admis'.

4

Ces méthodes sont fautives et dangereuses.

These methods are faulty and dangerous.

Plural agreement with 'méthodes'.

5

Elle ne veut pas paraître fautive devant son patron.

She does not want to appear at fault in front of her boss.

Verb 'paraître' followed by the adjective.

6

Un raisonnement fautif mène à une mauvaise conclusion.

A faulty reasoning leads to a wrong conclusion.

Abstract usage of 'fautif'.

7

L'arbitre a puni le joueur fautif.

The referee punished the player at fault.

Past tense 'a puni' with the adjective.

8

Est-ce que la machine est fautive ou l'utilisateur ?

Is the machine at fault or the user?

Choice between two subjects.

1

Le tribunal a déclaré l'entreprise fautive de négligence.

The court declared the company at fault for negligence.

Legal context with 'déclaré'.

2

Il est rare qu'un politicien se reconnaisse fautif.

It is rare for a politician to admit being at fault.

Subjunctive mood after 'Il est rare que'.

3

Une gestion fautive du budget a causé la faillite.

Faulty management of the budget caused the bankruptcy.

Noun phrase 'gestion fautive'.

4

Les preuves montrent que vous êtes le seul fautif.

The evidence shows that you are the only one at fault.

Using 'le seul' as a noun-like adjective.

5

Elle a corrigé les passages fautifs de son manuscrit.

She corrected the faulty passages of her manuscript.

Plural agreement with 'passages'.

6

Le licenciement était basé sur un comportement fautif.

The dismissal was based on wrongful behavior.

Professional/legal term 'comportement fautif'.

7

Il ne faut pas blâmer ceux qui ne sont pas fautifs.

One must not blame those who are not at fault.

Relative clause 'ceux qui'.

8

La pièce fautive a été remplacée immédiatement.

The faulty part was replaced immediately.

Passive voice 'a été remplacée'.

1

La responsabilité civile suppose l'existence d'un acte fautif.

Civil liability presupposes the existence of a wrongful act.

Formal legal terminology.

2

L'analyse a révélé une construction fautive du pont.

The analysis revealed a faulty construction of the bridge.

Technical/engineering context.

3

Il a été sanctionné pour avoir eu une attitude fautive.

He was sanctioned for having had a wrongful attitude.

Past infinitive 'avoir eu'.

4

Les conclusions de l'enquête désignent la banque comme fautive.

The investigation's findings designate the bank as being at fault.

Using 'comme' to introduce the adjective.

5

Toute omission volontaire est considérée comme une action fautive.

Any intentional omission is considered a wrongful action.

Universal subject 'Toute'.

6

Bien que l'erreur soit mineure, elle n'en demeure pas moins fautive.

Although the error is minor, it remains nonetheless faulty.

Concessive clause with 'Bien que'.

7

Le rapport souligne les décisions fautives prises par le conseil.

The report highlights the faulty decisions made by the board.

Past participle 'prises' agreeing with 'décisions'.

8

Il est impératif d'identifier la partie fautive dans ce litige.

It is imperative to identify the party at fault in this dispute.

Impersonal 'Il est impératif de'.

1

Le texte est parsemé de tournures fautives qui nuisent à sa clarté.

The text is peppered with faulty phrasings that harm its clarity.

Literary/Linguistic critique.

2

L'éthique moderne questionne ce qui constitue réellement un état fautif.

Modern ethics questions what truly constitutes a state of being at fault.

Philosophical abstraction.

3

Il s'agit d'une interprétation fautive des textes sacrés.

It is a faulty interpretation of sacred texts.

Theological/Academic context.

4

La jurisprudence a évolué concernant la définition de l'élément fautif.

Case law has evolved regarding the definition of the faulty element.

Advanced legal jargon 'jurisprudence'.

5

Son silence, loin d'être neutre, paraissait presque fautif.

His silence, far from being neutral, seemed almost guilty.

Nuanced psychological description.

6

L'administration a reconnu sa gestion fautive des fonds publics.

The administration recognized its faulty management of public funds.

Political accountability context.

7

On ne peut ignorer le caractère fautif de cette omission.

One cannot ignore the wrongful nature of this omission.

Noun phrase 'le caractère fautif'.

8

L'argumentation repose sur un postulat fautif dès le départ.

The argumentation rests on a faulty premise from the start.

Logical/Academic critique.

1

L'imputabilité d'un dommage requiert la preuve d'un fait fautif générateur.

The accountability for damage requires proof of a causal wrongful act.

Highly technical legal phrasing.

2

L'auteur s'affranchit des règles, mais sa syntaxe demeure parfois fautive.

The author breaks free from rules, but his syntax remains sometimes faulty.

Sophisticated literary criticism.

3

La dialectique hégélienne permet de dépasser la simple opposition fautif/innocent.

Hegelian dialectics allows for moving beyond the simple fault/innocent opposition.

High-level philosophical discourse.

4

Il existe une nuance ténue entre l'erreur de jugement et l'acte fautif.

There exists a thin nuance between an error of judgment and a wrongful act.

Deep conceptual distinction.

5

La vacuité de son excuse ne faisait que souligner son aspect fautif.

The emptiness of his excuse only highlighted his blameworthy aspect.

Metaphorical and elevated vocabulary.

6

L'herméneutique juridique s'attache à définir le périmètre de l'intention fautive.

Legal hermeneutics focuses on defining the perimeter of faulty intent.

Academic specialization terminology.

7

Cette politique, bien qu'efficace, est moralement fautive à bien des égards.

This policy, although effective, is morally wrong in many respects.

Complex ethical evaluation.

8

Le déclin de l'empire fut précipité par une succession de choix fautifs.

The decline of the empire was precipitated by a succession of faulty choices.

Historical analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

conducteur fautif
comportement fautif
raisonnement fautif
partie fautive
acte fautif
gestion fautive
usage fautif
attitude fautive
élément fautif
orthographe fautive

よく使うフレーズ

être reconnu fautif

— To be officially declared at fault, usually by an authority or court.

Il a été reconnu fautif par le tribunal.

se sentir fautif

— To feel responsible or guilty for a mistake.

Elle se sentait fautive d'avoir oublié son anniversaire.

désigner le fautif

— To point out or identify the person who made the mistake.

Il est facile de désigner le fautif après coup.

n'être en rien fautif

— To be completely without fault in a situation.

Je vous assure que je n'en suis en rien fautif.

déclarer fautif

— To state that someone or something is responsible for an error.

Le juge l'a déclaré fautif.

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