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A1 verb #3,500 よく出る 10分で読める

nettoyer

上位3,500

練習する例文メモとヒント nettoyer 30秒で

解説 nettoyer in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'nettoyer' is taught as a basic action verb related to daily chores and the home. Students learn to use it in the present tense with simple direct objects like 'ma chambre' (my room), 'la table' (the table), or 'la voiture' (the car). The focus is on the literal meaning: removing dirt. You will likely encounter it in lessons about 'la maison' (the house) or 'les tâches ménagères' (household chores). It is important at this level to remember the 'y' to 'i' change in the singular forms (je nettoie) even if you are just starting to conjugate verbs. Phrases like 'Je nettoie ma chambre le samedi' are classic A1 constructions.

At the A2 level, the usage of 'nettoyer' expands to include more varied contexts and tenses like the 'passé composé' (j'ai nettoyé) and the 'futur proche' (je vais nettoyer). You begin to use it with adverbs to describe how the cleaning is done, such as 'bien' (well) or 'vite' (quickly). You also learn to use it with instruments: 'nettoyer avec un chiffon' (to clean with a cloth). At this stage, you might also be introduced to the noun form 'le nettoyage' and the distinction between 'nettoyer' and 'laver'. You are expected to handle the conjugation more reliably, including the 'nous' and 'vous' forms where the 'y' remains.

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At the B1 level, you start using 'nettoyer' in more abstract or technical ways. This includes digital cleaning (nettoyer son ordinateur) and more specific professional contexts (nettoyer des outils). You will use the verb in more complex sentence structures, such as using it in the subjunctive mood ('Il faut que je nettoie...') or the conditional ('Je nettoierais si j'avais le temps'). You also learn the reflexive 'se nettoyer' for parts of the body or personal items. At B1, you are expected to understand the difference between 'nettoyer' and more precise verbs like 'récurer' or 'trier' and choose the appropriate one for the situation.

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At the B2 level, 'nettoyer' is used frequently in figurative and idiomatic expressions. You might discuss 'nettoyer une situation' (to clear up a situation) or 'nettoyer les finances d'une entreprise'. Your understanding of the word includes its social and environmental implications, such as 'nettoyer la planète' or 'le nettoyage industriel'. You are comfortable using the verb in all tenses, including the 'passé simple' in literature and the 'plus-que-parfait'. You also begin to recognize the use of 'nettoyer' in news reports concerning crime or politics, where it might have a more serious or even sinister connotation.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'nettoyer' is nuanced and precise. You can distinguish between the subtle shades of meaning in synonyms like 'épurer', 'purger', and 'assainir'. You use 'nettoyer' in formal writing to describe complex processes, such as 'nettoyer un texte de ses redondances' (cleaning a text of its redundancies). You are aware of the historical and cultural weight the word can carry in certain contexts, such as 'nettoyage ethnique', and you use it with appropriate sensitivity. Your spoken French uses the word naturally in idioms and fast-paced conversation, correctly maintaining the phonetic distinction between the 'i' and 'y' forms.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'nettoyer'. You can use it in highly literary or archaic contexts, perhaps referencing the 'écuries d'Augias' (Augean stables) in a metaphorical sense. You understand the etymological roots and how they relate to other words in the 'net' family. You can use the verb to convey irony, sarcasm, or profound philosophical ideas about purity and order. Whether you are writing a technical manual on chemical cleaning or a piece of creative fiction, 'nettoyer' is a tool you use with absolute precision, perfectly matching the register and tone of your discourse.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

nettoyer 30秒で

Nettoyer is the primary French verb for 'to clean'. It is versatile, used for homes, cars, computers, and even abstract ideas like reputation.
Grammatically, it is a -yer verb, meaning the 'y' changes to 'i' in the 'boot' forms of the present tense (je, tu, il, ils).
It differs from 'laver' (to wash) because 'laver' usually involves water and soap, while 'nettoyer' is the general act of cleaning.
Commonly heard in phrases like 'nettoyage à sec' (dry cleaning) or 'faire le ménage' (to do the housework/cleaning).

The French verb nettoyer is a foundational action word that every learner must master early on. At its core, it translates to 'to clean' in English. However, its usage spans a vast array of contexts, from the mundane task of sweeping a floor to the sophisticated process of debugging computer software or even the metaphorical 'cleaning up' of a corrupt organization. In French culture, the act of nettoyage (cleaning) is deeply ingrained in daily life, reflecting a broader social value placed on order and maintenance of one's environment. Unlike some verbs that are specific to certain materials, nettoyer is a general-purpose term used for removing dirt, dust, stains, or unwanted elements from almost any surface or entity.

Physical Surfaces: This is the most common use. You use it for tables, windows, floors, and cars. If there is visible dirt or grime, you use nettoyer to restore it to its original state.
Digital Contexts: In the modern age, it refers to 'cleaning up' a hard drive, removing viruses, or deleting unnecessary files. A French person might say they need to nettoyer leur ordinateur.
Professional Standards: In industries like gastronomy or medicine, it implies a more rigorous, often sterile level of cleaning, though désinfecter is used for actual sterilization.

Après la fête, nous avons dû nettoyer tout le salon car il y avait des confettis partout.

Translation: After the party, we had to clean the whole living room because there were confetti everywhere.

Understanding the nuance of nettoyer also involves knowing what it is *not*. While it overlaps with laver (to wash), nettoyer is broader. You laves your hands with water and soap, but you nettoies a wound or a keyboard. It implies a result: the state of being 'net' (clean/clear). This semantic connection to the adjective 'net' is vital; when you clean something, you make it 'net'.

Il est important de nettoyer les lunettes régulièrement pour bien voir.

Figurative Usage: Politicians often use nettoyer when talking about removing corruption or crime from a neighborhood, though this can sometimes be controversial depending on the phrasing.

Le nouveau directeur veut nettoyer les finances de l'entreprise.

Finally, the verb is used in sports. A player might 'clean' the ball or 'clean' the lines. In every sense, from the kitchen to the boardroom, nettoyer is about the transition from chaos or dirt to order and purity. It is a verb of transformation and maintenance that defines the rhythm of French domestic and professional life.

Using nettoyer correctly requires attention to two main things: the grammatical stem change and the prepositional structure. As a verb ending in -yer, it undergoes a spelling change where the 'y' becomes an 'i' before a silent 'e'. This means in the present tense, you write je nettoie, tu nettoies, il nettoie, and ils nettoient, but you keep the 'y' for nous nettoyons and vous nettoyez. This is one of the most common stumbling blocks for students, as the pronunciation stays very similar, but the written form must change to reflect the phonetic shift.

Direct Object Usage: In its simplest form, it takes a direct object. You clean 'something'. There is no preposition between the verb and the noun. Example: Je nettoie la table.

Est-ce que tu peux nettoyer ta chambre avant que les invités n'arrivent ?

When using it with instruments or products, you use the preposition avec (with). For example, nettoyer avec une éponge (to clean with a sponge) or nettoyer avec du savon (to clean with soap). If you are specifying the manner in which you clean, you might use adverbs like soigneusement (carefully) or rapidement (quickly). These adverbs typically follow the verb in simple tenses and the past participle in compound tenses.

Elle a nettoyé soigneusement les vitres pour qu'elles brillent.

Reflexive Form: While less common than se laver, se nettoyer is used when focusing on removing specific dirt from oneself. For instance, se nettoyer les mains after gardening.

Il s'est nettoyé le visage après avoir travaillé dans le garage.

In the imperative mood (commands), nettoyer is frequently heard in French households. Parents will say Nettoie ta chambre ! (Clean your room!). Note that for the 'tu' form of -er verbs, the final 's' is dropped in the imperative, but since this is an -er verb (despite the -yer ending), the rule applies: Nettoie, not Nettoies (unless followed by 'en' or 'y', which is rare for this verb).

Nettoyons la cuisine ensemble pour aller plus vite.

Finally, in passive constructions, you might see être nettoyé par. 'La voiture est nettoyée par mon frère' (The car is being cleaned by my brother). This emphasizes the object rather than the person doing the cleaning, which is useful in formal reports or descriptions of processes.

The word nettoyer is ubiquitous in France, echoing through various layers of society. You will hear it most frequently in domestic settings. French families take great pride in their homes, and the Saturday morning routine often involves the 'grand nettoyage' (the big clean). In this context, the word is spoken with a sense of duty and routine. You'll hear parents directing children, or roommates discussing the 'planning de nettoyage' (cleaning schedule).

In the Streets: In cities like Paris, you will often see green municipal vehicles with the word Propreté (Cleanliness) or Nettoiement (Cleaning services). The workers are often seen 'nettoyant les trottoirs' (cleaning the sidewalks) with high-pressure water hoses.

Les services municipaux commencent à nettoyer les rues à l'aube.

Another common place to hear nettoyer is at the 'pressing' (dry cleaners). When you take a delicate suit or a dress, the clerk will ask if it needs to be 'nettoyé à sec' (dry cleaned). This specific phrase is essential for anyone living in France who owns professional or formal clothing. You'll also see it on clothing labels: Nettoyage à sec uniquement.

Ce manteau en laine doit être nettoyé à sec.

In Technology: If you go to a computer repair shop, the technician might talk about nettoyer le système to improve performance. This refers to removing malware or optimizing the registry.

Mon ordinateur est lent, je dois nettoyer le disque dur.

In the culinary world, chefs use nettoyer when preparing ingredients. For example, nettoyer les champignons (cleaning mushrooms) or nettoyer un poisson (cleaning/gutting a fish). It’s a technical step in almost every recipe. If you watch French cooking shows like 'Top Chef France', you will hear this verb constantly as contestants prep their stations and their food.

N'oubliez pas de bien nettoyer votre plan de travail après chaque étape.

Lastly, in news and politics, the term is sometimes used metaphorically. You might hear about a 'nettoyage ethnique' (ethnic cleansing), which is a tragic and heavy use of the word, or 'nettoyer la zone' in military contexts. These uses are much more formal and serious than the household variety, showing the word's power to describe both the helpful and the horrific.

Even advanced learners make mistakes with nettoyer, primarily due to its spelling and its overlap with other 'cleaning' verbs. The first and most frequent error is forgetting the y to i change. Many students write je nettoye because they want to keep the infinitive stem intact. However, in French, the 'y' sounds like a double 'i'. When it is followed by a silent 'e', the sound collapses into a single 'i'. Writing je nettoye is a hallmark of a beginner's mistake.

Confusion with 'Laver': English speakers often use laver when they should use nettoyer. While laver means 'to wash' (usually involving water), nettoyer is the act of making something clean by any means. You laves your clothes in a machine, but you nettoies your keyboard with a brush or cloth.

Incorrect: Je dois laver mon bureau.
Correct: Je dois nettoyer mon bureau.

Note: You don't usually submerge a desk in water, so 'nettoyer' is more appropriate.

Another mistake is the pronunciation of the 'y' forms. In nous nettoyons and vous nettoyez, the 'y' is pronounced like a 'y' in 'yellow' or a very quick 'ee-y'. Students often mispronounce this as a simple 'i' sound, losing the distinctive 'y' that belongs to the 'nous' and 'vous' forms. Practicing the transition from the 'oi' sound to the 'y' sound is essential for sounding natural.

Nous nettoyons la piscine chaque été. (Pronounced: neh-twah-yoh̃)

Preposition Errors: Sometimes learners try to say 'nettoyer de' (to clean of) because of English 'clean of dirt'. In French, it's usually just a direct object: nettoyer la saleté (to clean the dirt) or enlever la saleté (to remove the dirt).

Incorrect: Il nettoie de la tache.
Correct: Il nettoie la tache.

Lastly, people often forget that nettoyer is an active verb. If you want to say something 'gets cleaned' or 'is cleanable', you might need different structures. For example, 'ce tissu se nettoie facilement' (this fabric cleans easily/is easy to clean). Using the reflexive se nettoyer to describe the properties of an object is a more advanced but very native-sounding way to use the verb.

While nettoyer is the 'go-to' verb for cleaning, French is a language rich in synonyms that offer more precision depending on the context. Choosing the right alternative can make your French sound more sophisticated and precise. For instance, if you are cleaning something very small or delicate, nettoyer might feel too broad.

Nettoyer vs. Laver: Nettoyer: General removal of dirt or mess.
Laver: Specifically using water and usually soap. You laves your car, but you nettoies your oven.
Nettoyer vs. Décrasser: Décrasser: To scrub off deep-seated grime or 'crass'. It's much more intensive than a simple cleaning. Think of a mechanic cleaning their hands or a very dirty engine.
Nettoyer vs. Épurer: Épurer: To purify. This is used for liquids (water) or abstract concepts (a style, a list). It implies making something pure by removing foreign elements.

Il faut décrasser les tuyaux avant d'installer le nouveau robinet.

'Décrasser' implies removing heavy build-up.

In a domestic setting, you might also hear faire le ménage. This is a broader expression meaning 'to do the housework'. It includes cleaning, tidying, and organizing. While nettoyer focuses on the removal of dirt, faire le ménage focuses on the overall chore. Another alternative is récurer, which means 'to scour' or 'to scrub hard', usually for pots and pans or floors that require elbow grease.

Elle a dû récurer la casserole brûlée pendant dix minutes.

For digital contexts, purger is sometimes used as an alternative to nettoyer, especially when referring to caches or databases. In more poetic or literary French, you might encounter lessiver. Literally, it means to wash with lye, but figuratively it means to exhaust someone completely (e.g., 'Je suis lessivé' – I am wiped out/exhausted).

Le vent a balayé les feuilles mortes, nettoyant ainsi l'allée.

'Balayer' (to sweep) is a specific method of cleaning.

In summary, while nettoyer is your reliable all-purpose verb, keep laver for water, récurer for scrubbing, décrasser for grime, and épurer for purification. This variety will allow you to describe your actions with the precision of a native speaker.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'nettoyer' is related to the English word 'neat'. In the 14th century, 'neat' meant 'clean' or 'pure', just like the French 'net'. Today, 'nettoyer' maintains that link between cleaning and achieving a 'neat' result.

発音ガイド

UK /nɛ.twa.je/

US /nɛ.twa.je/

The stress in French is generally even, but falls slightly on the final syllable 'ye'.

韻が合う語

payer envoyer employer noyer foyer loyer balayer essayer

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the 't' too hard like in English 'net'.
Forgetting the 'w' sound in 'twa'.
Mispronouncing 'nettoyons' as 'net-wah-ons' instead of 'net-wah-yons'.
Treating the 'y' as a silent letter.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' at the end of the infinitive.

難易度

読解 1/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to its similarity to the concept of 'net'.

ライティング 3/5

Tricky due to the y/i stem change in conjugation.

スピーキング 2/5

Generally easy, but 'nous nettoyons' requires correct 'y' pronunciation.

リスニング 2/5

Easy to hear, though it can be confused with 'nettoie' vs 'nettoyé' in fast speech.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

propre sale maison eau faire

次に学ぶ

ranger balayer aspirer laver récurer

上級

assainir épurer décrasser purger lessiver

知っておくべき文法

Verbs ending in -yer change 'y' to 'i' before a silent 'e'.

nettoyer -> je nettoie

The 'nous' and 'vous' forms of -yer verbs keep the 'y'.

nous nettoyons, vous nettoyez

In the future and conditional, the 'y' changes to 'i'.

je nettoierai, tu nettoierais

The imperative of -er verbs (including -yer) drops the 's' in the 'tu' form.

Nettoie ta chambre !

Passé composé uses 'avoir' as the auxiliary verb.

J'ai nettoyé la table.

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レベル別の例文

Je nettoie ma chambre.

I clean my room.

Present tense, 'y' changes to 'i'.

Tu nettoies la table ?

Are you cleaning the table?

Question form, 2nd person singular.

Il nettoie sa voiture.

He is cleaning his car.

3rd person singular.

Nous nettoyons la cuisine.

We are cleaning the kitchen.

1st person plural, 'y' is kept.

Vous nettoyez les vitres ?

Are you cleaning the windows?

2nd person plural, 'y' is kept.

Elles nettoient le jardin.

They (f) are cleaning the garden.

3rd person plural, 'y' changes to 'i'.

Il faut nettoyer le sol.

It is necessary to clean the floor.

Infinitive after 'il faut'.

Je vais nettoyer mon sac.

I am going to clean my bag.

Futur proche construction.

J'ai nettoyé toute la maison hier.

I cleaned the whole house yesterday.

Passé composé with 'avoir'.

Peux-tu nettoyer tes chaussures ?

Can you clean your shoes?

Infinitive after modal verb 'pouvoir'.

Elle nettoie souvent son vélo.

She often cleans her bike.

Adverb 'souvent' placement.

Nous avons nettoyé le garage ensemble.

We cleaned the garage together.

Passé composé plural.

Ils nettoient le parc après le festival.

They are cleaning the park after the festival.

Present tense context.

Il ne faut pas nettoyer ce tissu à l'eau.

You must not clean this fabric with water.

Negative 'il faut pas' with infinitive.

Je nettoierai la salle de bain plus tard.

I will clean the bathroom later.

Future tense, 'y' changes to 'i'.

Voulez-vous nettoyer vos lunettes ?

Do you want to clean your glasses?

Infinitive after 'vouloir'.

Je dois nettoyer mon ordinateur car il est lent.

I have to clean my computer because it is slow.

Digital context usage.

Il est temps de nettoyer les filtres de la climatisation.

It is time to clean the air conditioning filters.

Technical maintenance context.

Bien que je nettoie tous les jours, il y a de la poussière.

Although I clean every day, there is dust.

Subjunctive mood after 'bien que'.

Elle s'est nettoyé les mains avant de manger.

She cleaned her hands before eating.

Reflexive 'se nettoyer'.

Le technicien nettoie le capteur de l'appareil photo.

The technician is cleaning the camera sensor.

Professional/Technical use.

Nous devrions nettoyer les données de ce fichier.

We should clean the data in this file.

Conditional mood.

Ce produit permet de nettoyer l'argent sans frotter.

This product allows you to clean silver without scrubbing.

Infinitive phrase.

Ils ont fini de nettoyer le chantier.

They finished cleaning the construction site.

Verb 'finir de' + infinitive.

Le gouvernement promet de nettoyer la vie politique.

The government promises to clean up political life.

Figurative/Metaphorical usage.

Il faut nettoyer le disque dur avant de vendre l'ordinateur.

The hard drive must be wiped before selling the computer.

Specific technical context (wiping data).

La pluie a nettoyé l'atmosphère après l'orage.

The rain cleared the atmosphere after the storm.

Natural/Environmental context.

Le chirurgien nettoie la plaie avec soin.

The surgeon cleans the wound carefully.

Medical context.

Ils nettoyaient la plage pendant que nous nagions.

They were cleaning the beach while we were swimming.

Imparfait for ongoing action.

Cette crème nettoie les impuretés de la peau.

This cream cleans impurities from the skin.

Cosmetic/Dermatological context.

Il a fallu trois jours pour nettoyer la marée noire.

It took three days to clean up the oil spill.

Environmental disaster context.

Elle a nettoyé son casier judiciaire après des années.

She cleared her criminal record after years.

Legal figurative usage.

L'auteur a dû nettoyer son manuscrit de tout jargon inutile.

The author had to strip his manuscript of all useless jargon.

Stylistic/Literary cleaning.

Les banques doivent nettoyer leurs bilans des actifs toxiques.

Banks must clean their balance sheets of toxic assets.

Economic/Financial figurative usage.

Le vent du nord a fini par nettoyer le ciel de ses nuages.

The north wind eventually cleared the sky of its clouds.

Poetic/Descriptive usage.

Il est impératif de nettoyer les zones d'ombre de ce contrat.

It is imperative to clear up the gray areas of this contract.

Abstract clarification.

Le scandale a forcé le parti à nettoyer ses rangs.

The scandal forced the party to purge its ranks.

Political purge context.

La station d'épuration nettoie les eaux usées de la ville.

The treatment plant cleans the city's wastewater.

Industrial/Environmental process.

Il a nettoyé son esprit par la méditation.

He cleared his mind through meditation.

Spiritual/Mental context.

L'intervention visait à nettoyer les poches de résistance.

The intervention aimed to clear out the pockets of resistance.

Military/Strategic context.

Il s'attela à nettoyer les écuries d'Augias de cette administration.

He set about cleaning the Augean stables of this administration.

Classical mythological allusion.

L'histoire se chargera de nettoyer les calomnies de son nom.

History will take care of clearing the slanders from his name.

Abstract philosophical personification.

Le poète cherche à nettoyer la langue des scories du quotidien.

The poet seeks to purge the language of the dross of everyday life.

High-level literary theory.

Une catharsis est nécessaire pour nettoyer l'âme du spectateur.

A catharsis is necessary to cleanse the spectator's soul.

Theatrical/Philosophical context.

Le processus de raffinage nettoie le métal des impuretés résiduelles.

The refining process cleans the metal of residual impurities.

Technical/Scientific precision.

Il a fallu nettoyer le texte original des interpolations tardives.

It was necessary to clean the original text of later interpolations.

Philological/Academic context.

Le fleuve, en crue, a nettoyé les berges de leurs détritus séculaires.

The river, in flood, cleared the banks of their centuries-old debris.

Evocative literary description.

La rigueur budgétaire a fini par nettoyer le déficit public.

Budgetary rigor finally wiped out the public deficit.

Macroeconomic metaphorical usage.

よく使う組み合わせ

nettoyer de fond en comble

nettoyer à sec

nettoyer le disque dur

nettoyer une plaie

nettoyer les vitres

nettoyer les écuries d'Augias

nettoyer soigneusement

nettoyer à grande eau

nettoyer le terrain

nettoyer les impuretés

よく使うフレーズ

C'est à nettoyer.

— This needs cleaning. Used when identifying a mess.

Regarde cette tache, c'est à nettoyer.

Nettoyer devant sa porte.

— To mind one's own business or fix one's own faults before criticizing others.

Avant de critiquer les autres, il devrait nettoyer devant sa porte.

Un grand nettoyage de printemps.

— A spring cleaning. A thorough cleaning of the house in spring.

On va faire un grand nettoyage de printemps ce week-end.

Nettoyer les dégâts.

— To clean up the damage or mess (literal or figurative).

Après la tempête, il faut nettoyer les dégâts.

Nettoyer le plan de travail.

— To clean the kitchen counter or workspace.

Nettoie le plan de travail après avoir cuisiné.

Se faire nettoyer.

— To get cleaned out (often in gambling or sports).

Il s'est fait nettoyer au poker hier soir.

Nettoyer à la brosse.

— To clean with a brush.

Tu dois nettoyer ces chaussures à la brosse.

Nettoyer les filtres.

— To clean the filters (of a machine).

N'oubliez pas de nettoyer les filtres de la hotte.

Nettoyer le surplus.

— To clean/wipe away the excess.

Nettoie le surplus de colle avec un chiffon.

Nettoyer au jet.

— To clean with a water jet/hose.

Il nettoie le trottoir au jet.

よく混同される語

nettoyer vs ranger

Ranger means to tidy or put away. Nettoyer means to remove dirt. You can range a room without cleaning it.

nettoyer vs laver

Laver implies water/soap. Nettoyer is general. You don't 'laver' a computer.

nettoyer vs essuyer

Essuyer means to wipe or dry. You might essuyer a table to nettoyer it.

慣用句と表現

"Nettoyer les écuries d'Augias"

— To perform a massive, difficult task of clearing out corruption or mess.

Le nouveau ministre doit nettoyer les écuries d'Augias.

literary

"Nettoyer le plancher"

— To clear the floor (often in a fight or sports context).

Il a nettoyé le plancher avec son adversaire.

informal

"Passer un coup de balai"

— To give a quick sweep/clean, often used figuratively for firing people.

Le patron a passé un coup de balai dans le service marketing.

neutral/informal

"Laver son linge sale en famille"

— To settle private matters privately (related to cleaning/washing).

Ils préfèrent laver leur linge sale en famille.

neutral

"Donner un coup de propre"

— To give something a quick clean-up.

Je vais donner un coup de propre avant ton arrivée.

informal

"Nettoyer au karcher"

— To clean thoroughly with high pressure (often used by politicians regarding crime).

Il a promis de nettoyer la cité au karcher.

political/informal

"Être lessivé"

— To be completely exhausted (literally 'washed out').

Après ce marathon, je suis complètement lessivé.

informal

"Faire table rase"

— To start with a clean slate (related to cleaning a table).

Ils ont décidé de faire table rase du passé.

neutral

"C'est du propre !"

— That's a fine mess! (Sarcastic use of 'clean').

Tu as cassé le vase ? C'est du propre !

informal

"Passer à la moulinette"

— To clean up or filter strictly (figurative).

Le projet a été passé à la moulinette par la direction.

informal

間違えやすい

nettoyer vs balayer

Both involve floors.

Balayer is specifically with a broom (sweeping). Nettoyer is the general result of being clean.

Je balaie pour nettoyer le sol.

nettoyer vs curer

Both involve cleaning.

Curer is for cleaning out something hollow or deep, like a pipe, a wound, or ears.

Il faut curer les égouts.

nettoyer vs trier

Often done during cleaning.

Trier means to sort or declutter. Nettoyer is only about removing dirt.

Je trie mes papiers avant de nettoyer mon bureau.

nettoyer vs récurer

A type of cleaning.

Récurer is much more vigorous scrubbing, usually for metal or hard surfaces.

Elle récure le fond du plat.

nettoyer vs lessiver

Related to washing.

Lessiver is heavy-duty washing (walls, laundry) or figuratively being tired.

Il a lessivé les murs avant de peindre.

文型パターン

Je nettoie [noun].

Je nettoie ma voiture.

J'ai nettoyé [noun] hier.

J'ai nettoyé le salon hier.

Il faut que je nettoie [noun].

Il faut que je nettoie mon clavier.

Se nettoyer les [body part].

Il se nettoie les dents.

Ce [noun] se nettoie facilement.

Ce tapis se nettoie facilement.

Nettoyer [noun] de [impurity].

Nettoyer le ciel de ses nuages.

Nettoyer [abstract noun] des [abstract impurity].

Nettoyer son style des fioritures.

S'atteler à nettoyer [mythological/complex task].

S'atteler à nettoyer les écuries d'Augias.

語族

名詞

nettoyage (m) - the act of cleaning

nettoyeur (m) - a cleaner (person or machine)

nettoyeuse (f) - a female cleaner or cleaning machine

nettoiement (m) - municipal cleaning services

netteté (f) - cleanness, clarity

動詞

nettoyer - to clean

se nettoyer - to clean oneself

形容詞

net / nette - clean, clear

nettoyable - cleanable

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation and domestic life.

よくある間違い

Je nettoye la table. → Je nettoie la table.
The 'y' must change to 'i' before the silent 'e' in the present tense.
Je dois laver mon ordinateur. → Je dois nettoyer mon ordinateur.
You don't 'wash' electronics with water; you 'clean' them.
Nous nettoions la cuisine. → Nous nettoyons la cuisine.
In the 'nous' and 'vous' forms, the 'y' is preserved.
J'ai nettoie ma chambre. → J'ai nettoyé ma chambre.
The past participle is 'nettoyé', not the present tense form.
Il nettoie de la saleté. → Il nettoie la saleté.
Nettoyer takes a direct object. You don't need 'de' after the verb.

ヒント

The Boot Rule

Remember the 'boot' or 'L' shape on the conjugation table. The 'y' changes to 'i' for Je, Tu, Il, and Ils, but stays 'y' for Nous and Vous.

Laver vs Nettoyer

If you use water and soap, 'laver' is often better. If you are just removing mess or dirt generally, 'nettoyer' is the winner.

Dry Cleaning

Look for 'Nettoyage à sec' on your French clothing labels to avoid ruining your clothes!

The 'WA' Sound

Make sure to pronounce the 'oi' in 'nettoie' as 'wa'. It's one of the most French-sounding parts of the word.

Ménage

Use 'faire le ménage' when talking about your Saturday chores. It's more natural than saying 'je nettoie ma maison'.

Augean Stables

Use 'nettoyer les écuries d'Augias' to impress people when talking about a massive cleanup project.

Digital Hygiene

In French, you 'nettoies' your computer just like you 'nettoies' your room. It's a very versatile verb.

Future Tense

Don't forget the 'i' in the future: 'Je nettoierai'. It looks strange but it's correct!

Wounds

Always 'nettoyer une plaie' (clean a wound) before applying a bandage.

Slang Warning

In some contexts, 'nettoyer' can mean to 'get rid of' people. Use it carefully in social situations.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a 'Net' that catches dirt. To 'Net-toy-er' is to use your 'Toy' (tool) to 'Net' all the dirt away.

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant net being dragged over a dirty city, leaving everything sparkling clean behind it.

Word Web

nettoyage propre maison eau nettoyeur aspirateur balai vitres

チャレンジ

Try to conjugate 'nettoyer' in your head while you are actually cleaning something today. Say 'Je nettoie' as you wipe, and 'Nous nettoyons' if someone helps you.

語源

Derived from the Old French 'nettoier', which comes from the adjective 'net' (clean/clear). The adjective 'net' itself comes from the Latin 'nitidus', meaning 'shining', 'bright', or 'elegant'.

元の意味： To make something shine or to make it elegant and clear.

Romance (Latin root)

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'nettoyer' when referring to groups of people or social issues, as it can sound dehumanizing or overly aggressive (e.g., in the context of 'nettoyage social').

English speakers often say 'clean up' for everything. In French, be careful to use 'nettoyer' for dirt and 'ranger' for tidying up objects.

Léon: The Professional (The 'Cleaner' character) The myth of Hercules cleaning the Augean stables Sarkozy's controversial 'karcher' speech

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

At home

Nettoyer la cuisine
Nettoyer le sol
Nettoyer les vitres
Nettoyer la salle de bain

With technology

Nettoyer son PC
Nettoyer le cache
Nettoyer les fichiers temporaires
Nettoyer le clavier

Professional/Work

Nettoyer les outils
Nettoyer le bureau
Nettoyer le matériel
Nettoyer la zone de travail

Clothing/Laundry

Nettoyer à sec
Nettoyer une tache
Nettoyer le cuir
Nettoyer délicatement

Body/Hygiene

Se nettoyer le visage
Nettoyer une plaie
Nettoyer ses oreilles
Nettoyer ses mains

会話のきっかけ

"À quelle fréquence nettoies-tu ta maison ?"

"Quel est l'objet le plus difficile à nettoyer selon toi ?"

"Préfères-tu nettoyer le matin ou le soir ?"

"As-tu déjà dû nettoyer quelque chose de très sale ?"

"Quels produits utilises-tu pour nettoyer tes vitres ?"

日記のテーマ

Décris ta routine de nettoyage le week-end. Quelles pièces nettoies-tu en premier ?

Penses-tu que nettoyer son environnement aide à nettoyer son esprit ? Pourquoi ?

Raconte une fois où tu as dû nettoyer un grand désordre après une fête ou un accident.

Quel est ton avis sur le nettoyage des rues dans ta ville ? Est-ce efficace ?

Imagine un futur où des robots nettoient tout pour nous. À quoi ressemblerait ta vie ?

よくある質問

10 問

It uses 'avoir'. For example: 'J'ai nettoyé'. However, if used reflexively, it uses 'être': 'Je me suis nettoyé les mains'.

It is 'je nettoie'. For verbs ending in -yer, the 'y' changes to 'i' before a silent 'e'. This happens in the je, tu, il, and ils forms of the present tense.

Usually, we use 'laver' for hair (se laver les cheveux). 'Nettoyer' sounds more like a clinical or technical process.

'Nettoyer' is the specific action of removing dirt. 'Faire le ménage' is the general chore of cleaning the house, which includes tidying and sweeping.

You say 'nettoyer à sec'. A dry cleaner's shop is called 'un pressing'.

Yes, but for a professional who cleans houses, we usually say 'femme de ménage' or 'agent d'entretien'.

Yes, 'nettoyer des données' or 'nettoyer son disque dur' is very common in technical French.

It refers to a thorough, deep cleaning of a place, often done seasonally.

Yes. 'Je nettoierai', 'tu nettoieras', etc. The 'y' to 'i' change occurs whenever the ending starts with a silent 'e'.

It is a neutral, everyday word. It is appropriate in any setting, from home to a professional report.

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