A2 · 初中級 チャプター 23

The Instrumental Case: Means and Company

7 トータルルール
1 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power of the Instrumental case to describe how and with whom you act.

  • Identify the Instrumental case endings for nouns and adjectives.
  • Use prepositions like 's' and 'pod' to describe positions and relationships.
  • Express actions performed by means of specific tools or methods.
Master the 'how' and 'with whom' of Croatian.

学べること

Master the Instrumental case, used to express the means by which an action is performed or with whom it's done. You'll learn to say 'with' or 'by means of'.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: describe a typical day, including who you are with and what tools you use.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

The 's' rule

Always remember 's' for company. If you are with someone, you need 's'!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Case for Means and Company (S kim? Čime?)
💡

The 'S' Rule

Always remember to add 's' when you are with a person. Without it, you are just naming them.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Endings for Nouns (All Genders)
💡

Check the gender

Always identify the noun's gender first.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Adjective Agreement
💡

The 'sa' rule

Always use 'sa' before words starting with s, š, z, ž.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions Governing Instrumental (s/sa, pod, nad, pred, za)

重要な語彙 (6)

s with olovka pencil prijatelj friend pod under put way/path nov new

Real-World Preview

coffee

Coffee with a Friend

Review Summary

  • Noun + Instrumental Ending
  • s + Instrumental Noun

よくある間違い

You must use the Instrumental ending after the preposition 's'.

Wrong: S prijatelj
正解: S prijateljem

When expressing means (by means of), you don't need 's'. Just use the Instrumental form.

Wrong: Pišem s olovka
正解: Pišem olovkom

Adjectives must also match the case of the noun they modify.

Wrong: S dobrim prijatelj
正解: S dobrim prijateljem

Next Steps

You are doing fantastic! Keep practicing these cases and you'll be speaking Croatian fluently in no time.

Write 5 sentences about your hobbies using the Instrumental case.

Continue to: The Vocative Case: Calling Out Names

クイック練習 (10)

Fill in the blank.

Slažem se ___ tvojim mišljenjem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: s
Standard usage.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'With' (S kim?)

Fix the mistake.

Find and fix the mistake:

Sretan sam s novi posao.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: s novim poslom
Neuter instrumental is -im.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Adjective Agreement

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Idem s prijatelj.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idem s prijateljem
Need 's' and Instrumental ending.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Endings for Nouns (All Genders)

Fill in the correct form.

Bavim se ___ (sport).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sportom
Baviti se requires Instrumental.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Case for Means and Company (S kim? Čime?)

Choose the correct preposition.

Idem ___ psom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: sa
Phonetic rule for 's' + 'p'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Case for Means and Company (S kim? Čime?)

Choose the correct form.

Mačka je pod ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: stolom
Instrumental case requires -om.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions Governing Instrumental (s/sa, pod, nad, pred, za)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Idem s autom.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idem autom.
No 's' for transport.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'By Means of' (Čime?)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

S ženom sam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Sa ženom sam
The 'sa' rule applies before 'ž'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Prepositions Governing Instrumental (s/sa, pod, nad, pred, za)

Fill in the correct form.

Idem s ___ (prijatelj).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: prijateljem
Instrumental case requires -em.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Instrumental Case for Means and Company (S kim? Čime?)

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Idem s Marija.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Idem s Marijom
Marija becomes Marijom in Instrumental.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Expressing 'With' (S kim?)

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

Use 'sa' before words starting with s, z, š, ž to make pronunciation easier.
No, only when indicating company. For means, you don't use a preposition.
Use 'sa' before words starting with s, š, z, ž to make pronunciation easier.
No, it's for tools, transport, and ingredients too.
It's for pronunciation. Use 'sa' before words starting with 's', 'z', 'š', 'ž' or clusters.
No, only for accompaniment. For instruments, you don't use 's'.
前のチャプター
The Locative Case: Where Things Are
次のチャプター
The Vocative Case: Calling Out Names
ロードマップに戻る